• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2014년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.159-160
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• 2014

기존 인터리브드 방식의 2상 이중 강압형 직류-직류 컨버터는 비절연 강압형 직류-직류 컨버터로 출력 전류 리플 감소, 이중 강압으로 인한 스위치 전압 스트레스 감소, 인덕터 전류 불평형 문제 해결, 그리고 스위칭 손실 감소 등의 장점으로 대용량 직류-직류 컨버터에 적합하다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 2상 이중 강압형 직류-직류 컨버터에 결합 인덕터를 적용하여 인덕터의 전류 리플을 감소시키고 이를 수치적으로 해석한다. 또한 결합 인덕터의 문제점인 각 상의 인덕터 전류 불평형으로 인한 인덕터 포화현상에 대하여 실험을 통해 확인 한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.490-492
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• 2007

Purpose: Nipple reconstruction is an important step in breast reconstruction after mastectomy. There are considerable number of reconstructive methods developed over the past years. Each of these has not only its own special advantages, but also limitations. Therefore, no single method has become the overwhelming favorite. Sometimes it seems to be compromised when the nipple must be located directly over a linear scar. Methods: A 48-year-old female patient received a central lumpectomy with circumareolar resection of the nipple areolar complex 4 months ago. The newly designed nipple must be positioned directly astride a scar. We drew two equal-sized rectangular flaps sharing a common limb on a transverse scar and the result was two opposing plow form. Each flap size was about 1.3 cm wide and 2.5 cm long. First we elevated the flap from the distal part at a deep dermal plane, then deepened the level of dissection to raise the dermal-fat flaps. The donor site could be closed directly without any dog-ear deformity. Then we folded down the elevated flaps and loosely sutured skin with nonabsorbable materials. Each flap inner side was approximated side by side. Finally we made new natural nipple with 6 mm projection. We applied tattooing in the areola area with micropigmentation device after three months. Results: After ten months of follow-up periods, the nipple projection was stable and symmetric. The nipple projection was 3.1 mm, compared with 2.8 mm for the opposite nipple. Conclusion: Our experiences shows that this double opposing plow flap is a particularly useful and simple technique when there is a traverse scar crossing the center of the proposed nipple area.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
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• pp.99-99
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• 2008

대구경, 고품질 GaN 단결정 기판은 HVPE 방법을 이용하여 제조하였다. 이때 성장 방법은 기판인 $Al_2O_3$ 단결정 기판을 질화처리 하였으며, 이종기판 성장 시 야기되는 격자 불일치와 성장 후 냉각동안에 열팽창 계수의 불일치로 야기되는 휨이나 crack 발생을 제거하기 위하여 step-growth 방법을 사용하였다. 사파이어 위에 성장된 GaN의 기판은 두께가 380um이며, 직경은 3"로 crack 발생은 없었으며, $600^{\circ}C$에서 레이저 분리 방법을 이용하여 사파이어와 분리하였다. 그러나 분리된 기판은 이종기판과의 접촉면에서 고밀도 결함발생으로 인하여 휨이 발생하였으며, 표면을 연마한 후 DCXRD의 FWHM은 107 arcsec, PL을 이용한 결함밀도는 $6.2\times10^6/cm^2$으로 나타났다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.496-502
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• 2008

Cryparin, encoded as a single copy gene (Crp) of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, is the most abundant protein produced by this fungus. However, its accumulation is decreased remarkably in C. parastica strains containing the double-stranded (ds) RNA virus Cryphonectria hypovirus 1. To characterize the transcriptional regulatory element(s) for strong expression and viral regulation, promoter analysis was conducted. Serial deletion of the Crp promoter region resulted in a step-wise decrease in promoter activity, indicating a localized distribution of genetic elements in the cryparin promoter. Promoter analysis indicated two positive and a repressive cis-acting elements. Among them, the promoter region between nt -1,282 and -907 appeared to be necessary for hypoviral-mediated down-regulation. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) on the corresponding promoter region (-1,282/-907) indicated two regions at (-1,257/-1,158) and (-1,107/-1,008) with the characteristic AGGAGGA-N42-GAGAGGA and its inverted repeat TCCTCTC-N54-TCCTCCT, respectively, appeared to be specific binding sites for cellular factors.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2015

The usage of bending products recently have increased since many industries such as automobile, aerospace, shipbuilding, and chemical plants need the application of pipings. Bending process is one of the inevitable steps to fabricate the facilities. Induction heat bending is composed of compressive bending process by local heating and cooling. This work focused on the effect of induction heat bending process on the properties of ASME SA312 Gr. TP304 stainless steel pipes. Tests were performed for base metal and bended area including extrados, intrados, crown up, and down parts. Microstructure was analyzed using an optical microscope and SEM. In order to determine intergranular corrosion resistance, Double Loop Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation (DL-EPR) test and ASTM A262 practice A and C tests were done. Every specimen revealed non-metallic inclusion free under the criteria of 1.5i of the standard and the induction heat bending process did not affect the non-metallic inclusion in the alloys. Also, all the bended specimens had finer grain size than ASTM grain size number 5 corresponding to the grain sizes of the base metal and thus the grain size of the pipe bended by induction heat bending process is acceptable. Hardness of transition start, bend, and transition end areas of ASME SA312 TP304 stainless steel was a little higher than that of base metal. Intergranular corrosion behavior was determined by ASTM A262 practice A and C and DL-EPR test, and respectively step structure, corrosion rate under 0.3 mm/y, and Degree of Sensitization (DOS) of 0.001~0.075% were obtained. That is, the induction heat bending process didn't affect the intergranular corrosion behavior of ASME SA312 TP304 stainless steel.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 and 제3회 신약개발 연구발표회
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• pp.178-178
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• 1994

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a DNA virus with a 3.2kb partially double-stranded genome. The life cycle of the virus involves a reverse transcription of the greater than genome length 3.5kb mRNA. This pegenomic RNA contains all the genetic information encoded by the virus and functions as an intermediate in viral replication. Tumor suppressor p53 has previously been shown to interact with the X-gene product of the HBV, which led us to hypothesize that p53 may act as a negative regulator of HBV replication and the role of the X-gene product is to overcome the p53-mediated restriction. As a first step to prove the above hypothesis, we tested whether p53 represses the propagation of HBV in in vitro replication system. By transient cotransfection of the plasmid containing a complete copy of the HBV genome and/or the plasmid encoding p53, we found that the replication of HBV is specifically blocked by wild-type p53. The levels of HBV DNA, HBs Ag and HBc/e Ag secreted in cell culture media were dramatically reduced upon coexpresion of wild-type p53 but not by the coexpression of the mutants of p53 (G154V and R273L). Furthermore, levels of RNAs originated from HBV genome were repressed more than 10 fold by the cotransfection of the p53 encoding plasmid. These results clearly states that p53 is a nesative regulator of the HBV replication. Next, to addresss the mechanism by which p53 represses the HBV replication, we performed the transient transfection experiments employing the pregenomic/core promoter-CAT(Chloramphenicol Acetyl Transferase) construct as a reporter. Cotransfection of wild-type p53 but not the mutant p53 expression plasmids repressed the CAT activity more than 8 fold. Integrating the above results, we propose that p53 represses the replication of HBV specifically by the down-regulation of the pregenomic/core promoter, which results in the reduced DNA synthesis of HBV. Currently, the mechanism by which HBV overcomes the observed p53-mediated restriction of replication is tinder investigation.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.126-140
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• 2006

본 연구는 '가설 생성 과정에서 귀추법 사용을 유도하는 틀', 즉 '귀추법 양식'을 고안하고, 그 틀을 사용하여 생성한 가설의 특징을 틀을 사용하지 않고 생성한 가설의 특징과 비교하여 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. '귀추법 양식'은 Peirce가 제시한 귀추법의 의미와 형식에 관한 고찰을 통해 (i) 의심의 대상을 명기하는 단계, (ii) 의심의 대상을 믿음의 대상이 되게 하는 설명을 명기하는 단계, 그리고 (iii) 그 설명을 가설로 명기하는 단계로 구성되었다. 예비 교사 34명을 대상으로 하여 동일한 대상에게 두 가지 방법을 모두 사용하게 한 결과, 고안된 '귀추법 양식'을 사용하여 가설을 생성한 경우는, 첫째, 가설의 의미를 혼동하거나 충실히 반영하지 못한 경우로 볼 수 있는 유형들이 전혀 발견되지 않거나 상대적으로 적었고, 둘째, '부분적으로 유사성을 지닌 다른 현상이나 상황에 관한 기존 지식으로부터 유추하여 문제 상황의 원인에 관해 설명하는 유형'의 비율이 특정한 틀을 제공하지 않은 경우에 비해 두 배 이상 높았다. 결국, '귀추법 양식'을 사용하여 생성된 가설은 그렇지 않은 경우보다 상대적으로 '현상의 원인에 관한 설명과 지식의 확장 초래'라는 가설의 본래적 의미에 좀 더 충실한 특징을 가지고 있었다. 이는 '귀추법 양식'이, 그 형태가 비교적 간단함에도 불구하고, 과학 수업 현장에서 바람직한 형태의 가설이 생성되도록 돕는 하나의 방안이 될 수 있음을 보여주는 것이기도 한다.