• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2006

Daylight dimming control system was analyzed for an indirect lighting system in a small office space with a double skin envelope system. Computer simulations were performed for photosensors with three shielding conditions. The photosensors were placed on the center of ceiling, and backwall. Three sky conditions defined by CIE were considered. Overall, control performance was not very excellent for all conditions. Fully-shielded photosensor achieved good control performance for some cases, but partially-shielded and unshielded photosensors failed to achieve target illuminance. The variation in desktop illuminance due to daylight was examined for a variety of daylight conditions. Linear correlation between desktop illuminance and photosensor illuminance was analyzed using ANOVA.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.248-252
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• 2005

대하 새우양식장의 대하에 흰반점 증상을 나타내는 원인바이러스는 막대형의 이중막을 가지고 있었으며, 전자 현미경 관찰 결과 평균 크기가 $250\~300\times70\;nm$였고, 조직학적 병변은 위상피 등에서 핵이 비대해지는 것이 관찰되었다. 공격실험에서는 건강체의 새우에 많은 누적 폐사율을 보였다. 원인 바이러스 단백질은 21개의 밴드를 보였으며, 핵산 분석 결과 total 분자량은 114 kb로 나타났다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.605-613
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• 2010

Double skin facade(DSF) ventilated by fans consists of a normal external and an internal envelope. In this glass layer, the installed fan replaces an air inlet for the control of air flow through the cavity. The purpose of this paper is to investigate physical theory and to analyze the applicability of fans installed in a DSF. The experiment was conducted in 2 rooms. One room has a DSF with installed fans and the other one has a typical window. The room ventilated through a DSF which fans are installed was always kept warmer than the other room, ventilated directly from the outdoors. The average increase of the supplied air temperature through the DSF ventilated by fans was $6.54^{\circ}C$ at 78CMH, $6.2^{\circ}C$ at 95CMH, and $3.7^{\circ}C$ at 120CMH. As a result, the DSF with installed fans was appropriate for installation in rooms. It supplies outdoor fresh air heated through a cavity and ventilates a constant air volume.

• 에너지공학
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2018

세계 각국에서는 환경오염이나 에너지절감을 위한 방안으로 건축물에 대한 가이드라인과 제도적 지원이 활성화되고 있다. 우리나라에서도 2013.09.01. 개정된 "건축물의 에너지절약 설계기준"에 따라 기준들이 마련되고 신축 건축물에 대한 제로에너지빌딩화가 권장사항에서 의무화과정으로 가고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 소형건물에 대한 정부의 구속력은 미비한 실정이다. 이에 최근에 시공한 오피스건물(외단열기법 적용)에 대해 에너지 절감효과를 분석하였고 추가적으로 에너지 절감을 위한 이중외피기법을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1996

Teh baculovirus gp64 glycoprotein is a major component of the envelope of budded virus (BV) and has been shown that it plays an essential role in the infection process, especially virus-cell membrane fusion. We have cloned Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (AcNPV) gp64 protein were examined for membrane fusion activity by using a synchtium formation assay under various conditions. The optimal conditions required for inducing membrane fusion are 1) form pH 4.0 to 4.8 2) 15 min exposure of cells to acidic pH 3) at least 1 .mu.g of gp64 cloned plasmid DNA per 3 * 10$^{6}$ cells 4) and an exposure of cells to acidic pH at 72 h post-transfection. In order to investigate the role of hydrophobicity of the gp64 glycoprotein for the membrane fusion, the two leucine residues (amino acid position at 229 and 230) within hydrophobic region I were substituted to alanine by PCR-derived site-directed mutagenisis and the membrane fusion activity of the mutant was anlaysed. The gp64 glycoprotein carrying double alamine substitution mutation showed no significant difference in fusion activity. This result suggested that minor changes in hydrophobicity at the amino acid position 229 and 230 does not affect the acid-induced membrane fusion activity of the gp64 glycoprotein.

• 천문학회보
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.70.1-70.1
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• 2020

A type IIb supernova (SN IIb) is the result of core-collapse of a massive star which lost most of its hydrogen-rich envelope during its evolution. The pre-SN progenitor properties, such as the total radius and the mass of the hydrogen-rich envelope, can widely vary due to the mass-loss history of the progenitors. Optical light curves of SNe IIb are dominated by energy released by the hydrogen recombination and the radioactive decay of 56Ni in the early and late epochs respectively. This may result in distinctive double peaked light curves like the one observed in SN 1993J. The first peak, caused by the hydrogen recombination, can be modelled with numerical simulations providing information on the pre-SN progenitor properties. We compare two radiation-hydrodynamics codes, STELLA and SNEC, that are frequently used in SNe modelling, and investigate the effect of opacity treatment on the temporal evolution of the color temperature of SNe and eventually on the optical light curves. We find that with a proper treatment of the scattering opacity, SNe IIb models exploded from the progenitor models evolved with latest stellar evolution model hardly match the observational data. We also discuss the smaller scale features found in the models during hydrogen recombination phase.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2007

The Hantaan virus (HTNV) is an enveloped virus that is capable of inducing low pH-dependent cell fusion. We molecularly cloned the viral glycoprotein (GP) and nucleocapsid (NP) cDNA of HTNV and expressed them in Vero E6 cells under the control of a CMV promoter. The viral gene expression was assessed using an indirect immunofluorescence assay and immunoprecipitation. The transfected Vero E6 cells expressing GPs, but not those expressing NP, fused and formed a syncytium following exposure to a low pH. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against envelope GPs inhibited cell fusion, whereas MAbs against NP did not. We also investigated the N-linked glycosylation of HTNV GPs and its role in cell fusion. The envelope GPs of HTNV are modified by N-linked glycosylation at five sites: four sites on G1 (N134, N235, N347, and N399) and one site on G2 (N928). Site-directed mutagenesis was used to construct eight GP gene mutants, including five single N-glycosylation site mutants and three double-site mutants, which were then expressed in Vero E6 cells. The oligosaccharide chain on residue N928 of G2 was found to be crucial for cell fusion after exposure to a low pH. These results suggest that G2 is likely to be the fusion protein of HTNV.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2022

In building envelope, transparent components play an important role. The structural glazing systems are the weak element of the casing in terms of mechanical resistance, thermal and acoustic insulation. In the present work, new structural glass panels with granular aerogel in interspace were investigated from different points of view. In particular, the mechanical characterization was carried out in order to assess the resistance to bending of the single glazing pane. To this end, a special instrument system was built to define an alternative configuration of the coaxial double ring test, able to predict the fracture strength of glass large samples (400 × 400 mm) without overpressure. The thermal and lighting performance of an innovative double-glazing façade with granular aerogel was evaluated. An experimental campaign at pilot scale was developed: it is composed of two boxes of about 1.60 × 2 m² and 2 m high together with an external weather station. The rooms, identical in terms of size, construction materials, and orientation, are equipped with a two-wing window in the south wall surface: the first one has a standard glazing solution (double glazing with air in interspace), the second room is equipped with the innovative double-glazing system with aerogel. The indoor mean air temperature and the surface temperature of the glass panes were monitored together with the illuminance data for the lighting characterization. Finally, a brief energy characterization of the performance of the material was carried out by means of dynamic simulation models when the proposed solution is applied to real case studies.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.379-381
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• 2002

The major electron transfer cofactors in photosystem II have been studied by pulsed EPR, pulsed electron electron double resonance (PELDOR) and laser excited spin polarized electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) methods, in non-oriented and oriented photosystem II membranes. Distances between radical pairs were determined trom the observed dipole interaction constants to be 27.3 A for P680-QA, 30 A, etc. with the error within 1 A. Angles between the distance vector and membrane normal was determined by orientation dependence of oriented membranes with the accuracy of 5˚ The results were compared with the recent structural data by X-ray analysis.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.215-230
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• 2001

In this paper, an asymptotic two-scale method is developed for solving vibration problem of long periodic structures. Such eigenmodes appear as a slow modulations of a periodic one. For those, the present method splits the vibration problem into two small problems at each order. The first one is a periodic problem and is posed on a few basic cells. The second is an amplitude equation to be satisfied by the envelope of the eigenmode. In this way, one can avoid the discretisation of the whole structure. Applying the Floquet method, the boundary conditions of the global problem are determined for any order of the asymptotic expansions.