• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.175-182
• /
• 2008

Local government needs to an official document to conserve and manage its assets under the control of it by performing public duties. The central government adopted double entry bookkeeping in January of 2007 is demanding that local government should make reports of asset management that are related to assets and debts by using double entry bookkeeping. It is also imperative to assess assets of local government's public facilities in order to adopt double entry bookkeeping. But it is hard to exactly inspect some facilities that are constructed underground. In case of Geoje City, this study also found out that $70{\sim}80%$ of the clauses about facilities such as road and water supply in GIS database can be applied fur assessing assets by double entry bookkeeping. Due to the weak connection between double entry bookkeeping and GIS database, local governments have to make more study in order to practically use double entry bookkeeping system.

• Korean Management Science Review
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.103-125
• /
• 2005

Korean government is planning to adopt double entry bookkeeping with accrual basis in the government accounting system. This paper attempts to identify influencing attitudes of information producers toward the acceptance of the new service system. Several models are introduced, including Luder's Contingency Model, Cheng's Politico-Economic Model of Accounting Policy Choice, Roger's Diffusion of innovation, and Davis's Technology Acceptance Model(TAM). A set of constructs are developed as fellows : information producers' knowledges, experiences, altitudes toward the reform, characteristics of cash based accounting system and new accrual based system, a chief executive officer's willingness to support, availability of supporting systems, and social Influences from external environment. This study also incudes hey factors used in TAM, such as perceived usefulness and ease of use. Survey responses are gathered from accounting officers in government ministries and agencies as well as from local governments. Regression analysis shows that, for information producers, both 'perceived ease of use' and 'perceived usefulness' of the new system are the best explanatory variable for the dependent variable. It has also found that 'perceived usefulness' is explained best by individual characteristics such as knowledge and experiences, quality of current cash based s1n91e entry bookkeeping system, chief executive's support, Positive supporting systems and social influences. The useful guidelines for implementing double-entry bookkeeping system with accrual basis are also provided.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.10 no.3 s.35
• /
• pp.297-306
• /
• 2005

Compendium of arithmetic, geometry, and proportions and proportionality' that was published in Venice in 1494 has been recognized as the first bookkeeping data in the world. Major characteristics of Pacioli's bookkeeping rules were reviewed in this study as follows: All the necessary particulars for double entry bookkeeping were provided in Pacioli's bookkeeping rules;. List of property was described at the time of start of business; Three major books were used; Details of daily transactions were considered to be important; Strike through was lined at each description in journal books, details of daily transactions, and list of property after entry of ledger; Amount columns were provided and Arabic numerals were used; Annual settlement custom was being initiated; Profit and loss account was prepared at year-end; Trial balance sheet was inevitably described; Books were verified prior to closing accounts; Control account was not established; Financial statements were not prepared and business analysis was made, too; Finished goods inventory was not adjusted; Mark was assigned to books; Inter-office account was prepared; Branch accounts and branch ledgers were prepared; There was entries of trust; Current arrangement was described; The principle 'Cost or market price, whichever is lower basis' was promoted: Petty cash system is explained Checks and bills of exchange are used in bank account. As mentioned, characteristics of Pacioli's bookkeeping rules were reviewed; the signs of necessity for preparation of profit and loss statement and balance sheet is found as well as preparation of trial balance sheet and the rules may be considered as a very excellent one in terms of the bookkeeping on initiating stage of double entry bookkeeping.

• The Journal of Information Systems
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.55-76
• /
• 1998

Various trials to overcome the limitation of current accounting which fails in synchronizing business activities and their information have failed to make satisfactory result merely showing a little saving of processing time. This is because such trials have been done within the boundary of double-entry bookkeeping system. Without consolidating business activities and their information, reformation efforts such as BPR(business process re-engineering), ABC(activity-based costing), CALS(commerce at light speed) etc to fit the business organization to the changing business environment could not be achieved. Overcoming the limitation of accounting takes precedence of any other attempt to construct the management information systems. Activity Information Accounting System(AIAS) proposes the way of overcoming the limitation of current accounting by using the new accounting methodology and unique solution to real time accounting information. AIAS produces accounting and management information directly of activity information without bookkeeping process of activity information. AIAS adopts method of transforming the details of corporation activities directly into accounting information rather than method of double-entry bookkeeping system. The purpose of this paper is to prove AIAS to be very flexible system by using flexibility concepts. Flexibilities are defined as three aspects, namely ① timeliness (rapid accounting information generations and presentations) ② easy systems modificabilities according to environment changes ③ adaptabilities to all industries.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.179-188
• /
• 2013

This study looked into the whole features and problems about depreciation system of government capital assets in the way of the government accrual basis accounts and bookkeeping by double entry and then, tries to find a scheme to improve depreciation system for effective and efficient treatment about assets and expenses. In government accounts, depreciation system has been carried out turning around the entire accrual basis accounts be recognized government assets and applied capital asset accounts from 2011. Therefore, if depreciation system can be facilitated in order to retrench administrative expenditure and utilize assets and resources effectively under the accrual basis accounts, it would be good use of achievement evaluation in government accounts and information providing on the ground of more effective use to government's financial information.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 2018

At the Bank of Korea, capital stock statistics were created by the PIM (perpetual inventory method) with fixed capital formation data. Asset classifications also included 2 categories in residential buildings, 4 non-residential buildings, 14 constructions, 9 transportation equipment, 28 machinery, and 2 intangible fixed assets. It is the Korean government accounting system which is developed much with the field of the national accounts including the valuation, but until 2008 it was consistent with single-entry bookkeeping. Many countries, including Korea, were single-entry bookkeeping, not double-entry bookkeeping which can be aggregated by government accounting standard account. There was no distinction in journaling between revenue and capital expenditure when it was consistent with single-entry bookkeeping. For example, we would like to appropriately divide the past budget accounts and the settlement accounts data that have been spent on dredging into capital expenditure and revenue expenditure. It, then, tries to add the capital expenditure calculated to FCF (fixed capital formation), because revenue expenditure is cost for maintenance etc. This could be a new direction, especially, in the estimation of capital stock by the perpetual inventory method for infrastructure (SOC, social overhead capital). It should also be noted that there are differences not only between capital and income expenditure but also by other factors. How long will this difference be covered by the difference between the 'new series' and 'old series' methodologies? In addition, there is no large difference between two series by the major asset classification level. If this is treated as a round-off error, this is a problem.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.91-104
• /
• 2023

The records system is believed to have started in Italy in the 14th century in line with trade developments in Europe. In 1491, Luca Pacioli, a mathematician, and an Italian Franciscan monk wrote the first book that described double-entry accounting processes. In many countries, including Korea, the government accounting standards used single-entry bookkeeping rather than double-entry bookkeeping that can be aggregated by account subject. The cash-based and single-entry bookkeeping used by the government in the past had limitations in providing clear information on financial status and establishing a performance-oriented financial management system. Accordingly, the National Accounting Act (promulgated in October 2007) stipulated the introduction of double-entry bookkeeping and accrual accounting systems in the government sector from January 1, 2009. Furthermore, the Korean government has also introduced International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and the System of National Accounts (SNA). Since 2014, Korea owned five national accounts. In Korea, valuation began with the 1968 National Wealth Statistics Survey. The academic origins of the valuation of national wealth statistics which had been investigated by due diligence every 10 years since 1968 are based on the 'Engineering Valuation' of professor Marston in the Department of Industrial Engineering at Iowa State University in the 1930s. This field has spread to economics, etc. In economics, it became the basis of capital stock estimation for positive economics such as econometrics. The valuation by the National Wealth Statistics Survey contributed greatly to converting the book value of accounting data into vintage data. And in 2000 National Statistical Office collected actual disposal data for the 1-digit asset class and obtained the ASL(average service life) by Iowa curve. Then, with the data on fixed capital formation centered on the National B/S Team of the Bank of Korea, the national wealth statistics were prepared by the Permanent Inventory Method(PIM). The asset classification was also classified into 59 types, including 2 types of residential buildings, 4 types of non-residential buildings, 14 types of structures, 9 types of transportation equipment, 28 types of machinery, and 2 types of intangible fixed assets. Tables of useful lives of tangible fixed assets published by the Korea Appraisal Board in 1999 and 2013 were made by the Iowa curve method. In Korea, the Iowa curve method has been adopted as a method of ASL estimation. There are three types of the Iowa curve method. The retirement rate method of the three types is the best because it is based on the collection and compilation of the data of all properties in service during a period of recent years, both properties retired and that are still in service. We hope the retirement rate method instead of the individual unit method is used in the estimation of ASL. Recently Korean government's accounting system has been developed. When revenue expenditure and capital expenditure were mixed in the past single-entry bookkeeping we would like to suggest that BOK and National Statistical Office have accumulated knowledge of a rational difference between revenue expenditure and capital expenditure. In particular, it is important when it is estimated capital stock by PIM. Korea also needs an empirical study on economic depreciation like Hulten & Wykoff Catalog A of the US BEA.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.71-83
• /
• 2011

According to action of 'National University Finance And Accounting Act' enactment, national universities plan to introduce a new university accounting system reflecting the accrual basis and bookkeeping by double entry. For stable execution of the system, it is necessary to construct a national university financial and accounting system to be treated in a lump according to a new university accounting system. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to survey operating status of the existing national university financial and accounting system to prepare for that 'National University Financial And Accounting Act' would pass National Assembly, to draw its problems and to suggest a plan to construct national university financial and accounting system on the basis of the above. It is expected that the proposals suggested by the results of the study will give the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and national universities a help in raising transparency of university finance and be utilized as basic data to construct national university financial and accounting system offering quick management information. to action 'National University Finance And Accounting Act' enactment, national universities plan to introduce a new university accounting system reflecting the accrual basis and accrual basis and bookkeeping by double entry.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Information Systems Conference
• /
• 1997.10b
• /
• pp.171-204
• /
• 1997

원가 및 관리회계분야에서는 이미 선진국을 중심으로 활동개념을 도입한 활동기준 원가 계산(ABC : activity-based costing)이 성공적으로 도입·운영되고 있다. 하지만 국내외 적으로 재무회계분야에서는 전통적으로 복식부기시스템(double-entry bookkeeping system)에 지나치게 편중되어 있어서 회계정보의 산출과정에서 여러 가지 제약을 받고 있 는 것도 사실이다. 이러한 문제점을 개선·보완하기 위해서 재무회계 분야에도 활동개념을 도입했는데, 이것이 바로 활동정보회계(AIA : activity information accounting)이다. AIA는 기업의 활동이 발생하는 즉시 복식부기처리과정을 거치지 않고 활동과 대응가치의 처리방법 을 통해 실시간으로 회계정보를 생산하며, 기업의 모든 부서가 정보를 즉시 공유하고 교류 함으로써 기업유기체를 가능케 하는 새로운 회?리방법론이다. AIA의 개념을 구현하기 위해 이스턴컨설팅(주)에 의해서 개발된 활동정보회계시스템(activity information accounting system)은 복식부기시스템을 전면 부정하기 보다는 이를 점자 개선하고 보완하려는 의도에 서 개발된 종합회계처리프로그램이며, 따라서 복식부기의 모든 회계처리과정을 누락시키지 않으면서도 다양 회계, 관리 및 경영분석보고서를 제공해준다.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.41-50
• /
• 2019

Block chain technology revolutionizes the 'double entry bookkeeping' of accounting principles in 600 years. It will be an opportunity for you to become one. The advent of the block chain will revolutionize the accounting world. It is no exaggeration to say that it is a skill. The use of block chains for accounting leads to the occurrence of transactions. It's easy to identify a transaction, and it's easy to fake or tamper with it. The accounting industry because it is difficult to communicate transparent accounting information to stake holders. Transformations will be possible across the board (Carlozo, 2017). An entity shall provide financial information that is useful to interested parties in making reasonable economic decisions. Transactions arising from business activities are recorded and provided in the books. Interested parties are here. We need to make decisions to protect our interests and make those decisions rationally. To make a decision, we know how the outcome of the decision will affect our self-interest. Because it has to do so, it uses corporate information for this purpose. But the investor is one way of doing business. It is difficult to trust the information provided by (Yermack, 2017). As a result, ICO companies, startups, small businesses lose a lot of business opportunities because they don't have investors. In addition, the management mixes cash flows with accounting interests to indicate changes in cash flows. It experiences failure in its business due to its inability to analyze and predict faithfully. But it's a blockhead in accounting. Applying the factors and recording them in the book will result in a number of benefits for different stake holders. It can be provided. The financial information in the block chain is not subject to further review or verification. It can improve the timeliness and increase reliability of financial information because it cannot be forged or tampered with (Delloitte, 2016). Based on the fourth industrial revolution, the pace of change in all sectors of society has never been faster. Based on block chain technology, decision-making structure is based on vertical structure of the past. Transforming into a horizontal structure collapses existing tools and advances transparency and decentralization a change of Copernican interpersonal awareness with the trend of the times, which is becoming angry with modern people.