• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.669-684
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• 1997

Polypeptide growth factors belong to a class of potent biologic mediators which regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and metabolism. IGF-I is polypeptides secreted by skeletal cells and is considered as regulators of bone formation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of IGF-I on bone nodule formation and alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3-E1 cells. MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded at $1{\times}10^4$ cells/well, $1{\times}10^5$ cells/well in alpha-modified Eagle medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 10 mM ${\beta}-glycerophosphate$ and $5O{\mu}g/ml$ of ascorbic acid. Before 48 hours of indicated time, medium were changed with serum free medium. After 24 hours, 0.1, 1, 10 ng/ml IGF-I were added to the cells and cultured for 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days. And histochemical analysis was done and ALP activity was measured and was expressed as nmol/min/mg of protein. The bone nodule formation in MC3T3-E1 cells of IGF-I was seen at 21, 28 days, but there were no difference between control group and experimental groups. The ALP activity decreased when it is compare to control 2 group except for 1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml IGF-I of 21-day-groups and 1 ng/ml IGF-I of 28-day-groups. Dose response effects of IGF-I of ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 cells were seen the highest ALP activity at 1ng/ml until 21days and the highest ALP activity at 10 ng/ml of 28 daygroups. The peak times were seen at 7-day group, 14-day group on control group and experimental group respectively, and 1 ng/ml group was the highest ALP activity, From the above results, IGF-I was not seen notable effect on bone nodule formation and decreased ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells but the use of IGF-I to mediate biological stimulation of MC3T3-E1 cells shows promise for future therapeutic application.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1999

Alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay는 일명 혜성분석이라고 부르며 in vivo 와 in vitro 에서 많은 화학적, 생물학적인 인자에 의한 DNA 손상을 감지하는데 유용한 기법으로 각각의 세포에서 DNA 단일 가닥 절단과 알칼리에 약한 장소를 평가하는 새로운 방법으로 인정되고 있다. 단세포 겔 전기영동법 (SCGE)을 사용하여 복숭아씨 추출물이 방사선에 의하여 사람 림프구 DNA에 나타나는 손상을 보호하는 지 여부를 평가하였다. 복숭아씨 추출물로 10 분간 전처리한 림프구를 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 Gy 의 방사선으로 조사하였고 방사선만을 조사한 림프구 실험군과 비교평가하였다. 혜성분석에서 DNA 가닥 절단에 대한 표식인 tail moment의 증가는 감마선에 대해서 뚜렷한 선량-반응 관계를 나타내었으며 각각의 농도별로 복숭아씨 추출물이 처리된 림프구의 DNA 손상은 현저히 감소하였다. 단세포 겔 전기영동법을 통한 평가결과 복숭아씨 추출물은 방사선에 의한 림프구 DNA 손상에 대한 탁월한 방어효과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2020

Background: An important lesson learned from the Fukushima accident is that the transition to the mid- and long-term phases from the emergency-response phase requires less than a year, which is not very long. It is necessary to know how much radioactive material has been deposited in an urban area to establish mid- and long-term countermeasures after a radioactive accident. Therefore, an urban deposition model that can indicate the site-specific characteristics must be developed. Materials and Methods: In this study, the generalized urban deposition velocity and the subsequent variation in radionuclide contamination were estimated based on the characteristics of the Korean urban environment. Furthermore, the application of the obtained generalized deposition velocity in a hypothetical scenario was investigated. Results and Discussion: The generalized deposition velocities of ¹³⁷Cs, ¹⁰⁶Ru, and ¹³¹I for each residence type were obtained using three-dimensional (3D) modeling. For all residence types, the deposition velocities of ¹³¹I are greater than those of ¹⁰⁶Ru and ¹³⁷Cs. In addition, we calculated the generalized deposition velocities for each residential types. Iodine was the most deposited nuclide during initial deposition. However, the concentration of iodine in urban environment drastically decreases owing to its relatively shorter half-life than ¹⁰⁶Ru and ¹³⁷Cs. Furthermore, the amount of radioactive material deposited in nonresidential areas, especially in parks and schools, is more than that deposited in residential areas. Conclusion: In this study, the generalized urban deposition velocities and the subsequent deposition changes were estimated for the Korean urban environment. The 3D modeling was performed for each type of urban residential area, and the average deposition velocity was obtained and applied to a hypothetical accident. Based on the estimated deposition velocities, the decision-making systems can be improved for responding to radioactive contamination in urban areas. Furthermore, this study can be useful to predict the radiological dose in case of large-scale urban contamination and can support decision-making for long-term measurement after nuclear accident.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.705-711
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• 2014

피부미백 소재를 개발하기 위해 멜라닌 함량, 세포내 tyrosinase 활성의 측정 및 Western blotting 실험이 수행되었다. 백합(Lilium Oriental Hybrid 'Siberia') 뿌리의 80% 에탄올 추출물로부터 얻은 에틸아세테이트 분획물(R-EA)은 ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone(${\alpha}$-MSH)에 의해 멜라닌 생성이 유도된 B16/F10 흑색종 세포에서 농도 의존적으로 멜라닌 생성을 저해하였다. 정확하게 세포내 tyrosinase 활성과 멜라닌 함량은 에틸아세데이트 분획물 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 처리 시 ${\alpha}$-MSH 단독 처리군에 비해 각각 45%와 74%의 저해율을 보였다. ${\alpha}$-MSH에 의해 멜라닌 생성이 유도된 B16/F10 흑색종 세포에서 단백질 발현양상을 살펴본 결과 TRP-1이 가장 많이 억제된 양상을 확인할 수 있었고 이 결과는 세포내 tyrosinase 활성저해보다 멜라닌 생성저해가 더 많이 일어난 것과 일맥상통하는 것이다. 이를 종합해 볼 때 p-coumaric acid와 resveratrol 함량이 백합뿌리의 에탄올 추출물에 비해 많이 함유된 에틸아세테이트 분획물은 멜라닌 생성 유도물질에 의해 촉진된 ERK의 활성화를 억제하는 피부미백 소재로서 그 가치가 입증된다고 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1760-1764
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• 2002

In order to elucidate the physiological function of circulating IGF-I on muscle protein synthesis in the chicken under malnutritional conditions, we administrated recombinant chicken IGF-I using a osmotic mini pump to fasted young chickens and measured the rate of muscle protein synthesis and plasma metabolite. The pumps delivered IGF-I at the rate of $22{\mu}g/d\{300{\mu}g{\cdot}(kg\;body\;weight{\cdot}d)^{-1}\}$. Fractional rate of protein synthesis in the muscle was measured using a large dose injection of L-[$2,6-^3H$]phenylalanine. Constant infusion of chicken IGF-I did not affect plasma glucose level. Significant interaction between dietary treatment and IGF-I infusion was observed in plasma NEFA and total cholesterol concentrations. When chicks were fasted, IGF-I infusion decreased plasma NEFA and total cholesterol concentrations. On the other hand, IGF-I administration did not affect plasma levels of both metabolites. Fasting reduced plasma triglyceride concentration significantly. IGF-I infusion also decreased the level of plasma triglyceride. Plasma IGF-I concentration of young chickens was halved by fasting for 1 d. IGF-I infusion using an osmotic minipump for 1 d increased plasma IGF-I concentration in fasted chicks to the level of fed chicks. Fasting decreased body weight and the loss of body weight was significantly ameliorated by IGF-I infusion. There was a significant interaction between dietary treatment and IGF-I infusion in the fractional rate of breast muscle protein synthesis. There was no effect of IGF-I infusion on muscle protein synthesis in fed chicks. Muscle protein synthesis reduced by fasting was ameliorated by IGF-I infusion, but did not reach to the level of fed control. Muscle weight of fasted chicks infused with IGF-I was similar to fasted birds without IGF-I infusion, which suggests that muscle protein degradation would be increased by IGF-I infusion as well as protein synthesis in fasted chicks.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5721-5726
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• 2015

Lung cancer is the leading contributor to cancer deaths in the developing world. Within countries, significant variability exists in the prevalence of lung cancer risk, yet limited information is available whether some of the observed variability is associated with differences in the consumption pattern of local tobacco products with differing potency. We recruited 606 lung cancer cases and 606 controls from the B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital in Nepal from 2009-2012. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lung cancer risk associated with different tobacco products, using unconditional logistic regression. Unfiltered cigarettes tended to be the most frequently used products across ethnic subgroup with about 53.7% of Brahmins, 60.1% of Chettris, and 52.3% of Rai/Limbu/Magar/others. In contrast, about 39.9% of Madishe/Tharu smokers reported using bidi compared with only 27.7% who smoked unfiltered cigarettes. Among those who only smoked one type of product, choor/kankat smokers had the highest lung cancer risk (OR 10.2; 95% CI 6.2-16.6), followed by bidi smokers (OR 5.6; 95% CI 3.6-8.7), unfiltered cigarettes (OR 4.9; 95% CI 3.4-7.2), and filtered cigarettes (OR 3.4; 95% CI 2.2-5.3). A clear dose-response relationship was observed between increased frequency of smoking and lung cancer risk across all ethnic subgroups. These results highlight the important role of traditional tobacco products on lung cancer risk in the low income countries.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2011

목적: 최근 PPHN의 치료를 위해 iNO와 함께 많은 약물적 치료가 사용되고 있다. Sildenafil은 PDE5의 억제제로 선택적인 폐혈관 확장제로 알려져 있으며 iNO에 비하여 접근성이 뛰어나 iNO에 대안적인 약제로 연구되어 왔다. 저자들은 본원에서 sildenafil로 PPHN을 치료한 경험을 분석하였다. 방법: 심초음파를 통해 PPHN으로 진단된 재태 기간 35주 이상, FiO2 1.0을 필요로 하는 32명의 환아를 대상으로 하였으며 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. sildenafil은 0.5 mg/kg로 시작하여 6시간마다 1 mg/kg로 투약하였으며, 투약 전과 후 6, 12, 24, 48시간의 MAP, $FiO_2$, OI, MBP를 비교하였다. 부작용을 확인하기 위하여 환아들의 위장관 증상, 뇌초음파, 안저검사와 청성뇌간유발반응 검사의 결과를 조사하였다. 결과: 대상 환아 32명 중 태변 흡인 증후군 9명, 호흡곤란증후군 8명, 폐렴 3명이었으며, 12명은 특발성이었다. 이 중 31명이 생존하였으며 28명의 환아는 본원에서 sildenafil만으로 치료되었고 3명의 환아는 전원되어 iNO 치료 후 회복하였다. Sildenafil 단독으로 치료된 28명의 환아에서 $FiO_2$와 OI는 치료 6시간째부터 MAP는 48시간째부터 유의하게 감소하였다. 모든 환아에서 특별한 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: Sildenafil은 35주 이상의 PPHN 환아에서 비교적 효과적이고 안전하게 시도해 볼 수 있는 대안 약제로서, 특히 iNO가 가능하지 않은 병원에서 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.144-153
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• 2000

목적: 피부세포인 A431세포주에서 방사선 조사에 의한 세포고사가 방사선량과 방사선 조사 후 경과시간에 따라서 어떻게 변하는지를 밝혀보고, 방사선에 의해 유도된 수선유전자의 발현을 방사선량별, 조사 후 경과시간별로 분석하여 세포고사와 어떤 관계가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 한국 세포주은행으로부터 분양받은 피부상피암 세포의 일종인 A431을 Cs-137 세포조사기를 이용하여 5 Gy, 25 Gy씩 조사하고 4, 12, 48시간이 지난 다음 세포를 모아 유세포계측법을 이용하여 고사세포를 계수하였다. 또한 이 세포들을 Northern blot analysis, Western blot analysis를 시행하여 방사선량별, 경과시간별로 유전자의 변화를 분석하였다. 각 실험군간의 통계적 유의성은 SPSS 통계프로그램을 사용하여 MANOVA test에 의해 검정하였으며, p값 0.05 미만을 유의한 수준으로 판정하였다. 결과: 유세포 계측기로 측정한 고사세포의 비율은 방사선 조사 후 12시간째에 가장 유의하게 증가하였다 (p<0.01). DNA수선유전자의 발현은 5 Gy 조사 후 p53, p21, hRAD 유전자가 12시간째에 증가하였고, 25 Gy 조사 후에는 hRAD50과 p21이 12시간에 증가하였으며, p53과 GADD45는 12시간까지 별 변화가 없었으나 이후 증가하여 48시간에 가장 높은 발현을 보였다. 결론: 피부상피암세포에서 방사선에 의해 유도되는 세포고사는 방사선 조사 후 12시간에 가장 현저해지는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이 세포고사에 DNA수선 유전자가 밀접한 관련이 있을 것으로 보이는데, 특히 최근에 발견된 hRAD50 유전자도 세포고사와 밀접한 관련이 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1744-1748
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• 2014

A dose-response experiment with seven supplemental pyridoxine levels (0, 0.66, 1.32, 1.98, 2.64, 3.30, and 3.96 mg/kg) was conducted to investigate the effects of pyridoxine on growth performance and plasma aminotransferases and homocysteine of White Pekin ducks and to estimate pyridoxine requirement for these birds. A total of 336 one-day-old male White Pekin ducks were divided to 7 experimental treatments and each treatment contained 8 replicate pens with 6 birds per pen. Ducks were reared in raised wire-floor pens from hatch to 28 d of age. At 28 d of age, the weight gain, feed intake, feed/gain, and the aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and homocysteine in plasma of ducks from each pen were all measured. In our study, the pyridoxine deficiency of ducks was characterized by growth depression, decreasing plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity and increasing plasma homocysteine. The ducks fed vitamin $B_6$-deficient basal diets had the worst weight gain and feed/gain among all birds and this growth depression was alleviated (p<0.05) when pyridoxine was supplemented to basal diets. On the other hand, plasma aspartate aminotransferase and homocysteine may be the sensitive indicators for vitamin $B_6$ status of ducks. The ducks fed basal diets had much lower aspartate aminotransferase activity and higher homocysteine level in plasma compared with other birds fed pyridoxine-supplemented diets (p<0.05). According to quadratic regression, the supplemental pyridoxine requirements of Pekin ducks from hatch to 28 days of age was 2.44 mg/kg for feed/gain and 2.08 mg/kg for plasma aspartate aminotransferase and the corresponding total requirements of this vitamin for these two criteria were 4.37 and 4.01 mg/kg when the pyridoxine concentration of basal diets was included, respectively. All data suggested that pyridoxine deficiency could cause growth retardation in ducks and the deficiency of this vitamin could be indicated by decreasing plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity and increasing plasma homocysteine.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2002

Objectives: Hwangryunhaedok-tang (Huang-lian-jie-du-tang, HRHDT, 黃連解毒湯) is a traditional Korean herbal medicine that is formulated with Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, Scutellariae Radix and Gardeniae Fructus. HRHDT is cold (寒) and bitter (苦) in nature and has general properties of clearing heat and detoxifying (淸熱解毒), strengthening the stomach and settling the liver (健胃平肝), and reducing inflammation, fever and swelling. This formula can prevent and treat artherosclerosis, hyperplasia of the endothelium, cerebral fluid circulation, cerebral vascular deterioration through aging, impairment of neurotransmitters, or disruption of the functioning of the cerebral cortex following infection or trauma. The purpose of the study reported here was to determine the neuroprotective effect of HRHDT on global ischemia induced by 4-vessel occlusion in Wistar rats. Methods: HRHDT extract was lyophilized after extraction with 85% methanol and 100% water. Rats were induced to 10 minutes of forebrain ischemia by 4-vessel occlusion (4-VO) and reperfused again. HRHDT was administered with a dose of 100 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg of 85% methanol extracts and 100 mg/kg of 100% water extracts, respectively, at 0 min and 90 min after 4-VO. Rats were killed at 7 days after ischemia and the number of CA1 pyramidal neurons was counted in hippocampal sections stained with cresyl violet. Results: Body temperature of animals showed no significant difference between saline-treated groups and HRHDT extracts-treated groups until 5 hours of reperfusion. This result indicated that neuroprotective effects of HRHDT extracts were not due to hypothermic effects. The administration of HRHDT showed a significant neuroprotective effect on hippocampal CA1 neurons at 7 days after ischemia compared to the saline-treated group (P<0.001). HRHDT methanol extracts of 100 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and HRHDT water extracts of 100 mg/kg showed 88.5%, 98.3% and 95.1 % neuroprotection, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that administration of HRHDT is highly effective in reducing neuronal damage in response to transient global cerebral ischemia. HRHDT may involve many mechanisms that might account for its high degree of efficacy. A number of factors including free radicals, glutamate, calcium overload, NO, and various cytokines have been proposed to have an important role in causing neuronal death after short periods of global ischemia. Further studies are needed to know the neuroprotective mechanisms of HRHDT.