• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-27
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• 2002

Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is one of the effective therapy for several hematologic malignancies. Transplantation preparative regimen is designed to eradicate the patient's underlying disease and immunosuppress the patient adequately to prevent rejection of donor's hematopoietic stem cells. So, conventional myeloablative preparative regimens with high-dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy are related to high rate of morbidity and mortality. However, It has become clear that the high-dose therapy dose not eradicate the malignancy in some patients, and that the therapeutic benefit of allogenic transplantation is largely related to graft-versus-leukemia/graft-versus-tumor (GVL/GVT) effect. An new approach is to utilize less toxic, nonmyeloablative preparative regimens to achieve engraftment and allow GVL/GVT effects to develop. This strategy reduces the risk of treatment-related mortality and allows transplantation for elderly and those with comorbidities that preclude high-dose chemoradiotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.257-261
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• 1999

Effect of low dose gamma radiation on the growth of groundnut (Arachis hypognea L.) were investigated with respect to germination rate, seedling development and yield. Seeds of “Palpal” cultivar were irradiated with 0.5~20 Gy of ${\gamma}$ radiation in order to determine the hermetic effect of low dose radiation. The germination rate of ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation group was lower than that of the control but the seedling height of groundnut grown from seeds irradiated with low dose ${\gamma}$-ray was slightly higher than that of the control. The number of pod and kernels, and the seed yield increased by 27%, 17% and 19 %, respectively, in the 12.0 Gy irradiation group compared to that in the control group. The 100 seed weight was 87.2 g in the 4.0 Gy irradiation group, which was 11% heavier than 78.3 g in the control group. Low dose radiation showed an enhancement effects on the growth and yield components of groundnut.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.148-153
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• 1975

Seven toxigenic molds isolated from deteriorated rice in Korea, Aspergillus clavatus, Asp. flavus var. columnaris, Asp. fumigatus, Asp. ochraceus, Penicillium citrinum, Pen. implicatum, and Pen. islandicum, were examined for their sensitivity toward Co-60 gamma rays for survival. Conidia of all tested species showed survival curves of sigmoidal type, from which decimal reduction doses were found to vary in the range of $14{\sim}33$ krad, induction doses, in the range of $12{\sim}56$ krad and inactivation factors at 200 krad, in the range of $4.6{\sim}12.8$, all at a dose rate of 11.56 krad/min. Dose rate effects on the radiosensitivity of Asp. flavus and Pen. islandicum conidia indicated that the higher dose rate (11.56 krad/min) caused decreases in decimal reduction doses as compared with the lower dose rate (2.67 krad/min).

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.175-184
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• 1998

In order to calculate dose rates from steam generators to be replaced from Kori unit 1 in 1998, radionuclide inventories inside steam generator were evaluated from smear test results and measured dose rates from S/G tubes withdrawn for the metallographical examination of damaged tubes. Based on the inventories, contact dose rates and dose rates at 1 m from the surface of a steam generator were calculated using the QAD-CG computer code. Contact dose rates ranged from 11.5 mR/hr at the bottom of channel head to 37.7 mR/hr at the middle of shell barrel, and showed no significant difference with dose rates at 1 m from the surface of steam generator. Shielding effects of lead and carbon steel were compared to provide basic shielding data. Lead shield showed excellent shielding effects. Dose rate at 1 m from the middle of S/G shell barrel decreased from 38.6 mR/hr to 15.5 mR/hr with the lead shield of 2 mm thickness. However, carbon steel showed a poor shielding effect even with the thickness of 2.0 cm. This can be explained with the great differences in the attenuation effect and buildup factor between lead and carbon steel for low energy photons.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.316-321
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• 2002

CheonghunHwadam-tang(CHT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent of vertigo by wind, fire and phlegm. CheonghunHwadam-tangGamypang(CHTG) was CHT adding Aurantii Fructus(AF), Gastrodae Rhizoma(GR). The effects of CHT on the cerebral blood flow and cardiacvascular system is not known. The purpose of this Study was to investigate effects of CHT and CHTG on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure(BP), cardiac muscle contractile force(CMF), heart rate(HR). The changes of cerebral blood flow and movement of cardiacvascular system(BP, CMF, HR) was determinated by Laser-Doppler Rowmetry(LDF). The results were as follows; 1. CHT extract increased rCBF, but decreased BP, HR in a dose-dependent manner. 2. AF extract accelerated rCBF and movement of cardiacvascular system in a dose-dependent manner. 3. GR extract increased significantly rCBF(10.0mg/kg, p<0.05) as well as accelerated BP and rCBF in a dose-dependent manner. 4. CHTG extract increased significantly rCBF(10.0mg/kg, p<0.01) in a dose-dependent, but was not changed movement of cardiacvascular system. This results suggest that CHTG is significantly treated more than CHT in vertigo by wind, fire and phlegm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.108-108
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• 2003

The current study was performed to observe the effects of Panax ginseng (PG) and P. quinquefolia (PQ) on hemodynamics such as blood flow rate (BF), blood flow velocity (BV), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, and body temperature (BT) in healthy young men. After testing equality of variance, Student's t-test using PROC TTEST was examined to. prove statistical differences between control and ginseng conditions at each time point. It was found that the BF data were fluctuated by personal deviation. In order to minimize the deviation, the results obtained for 6 hrs were reconstituted after dividing them into two periods of the first half from 1 to 3 hrs and of the latter half from 3.5 to 6 hrs. And then the reconstitution data and dose-response curves were obtained. Blood flow such as BF and BV shows significant increases both two periods in the dose of PG 2.25 and PG 9.0, whereas significant decrease in the dose of PG 4.5. However, in the PQ groups, the middle dose PQ 4.5 shows the highest significant increase among the three doses. Except for PG 2.25 in HR, other doses show significant decreases both in the first half and latter half. SBP of PQ 9.0 shows only a significant decrease in the first half; on the other hand, in the latter half, PG 4.5, PG 9.0 and PQ 9.0 significantly increase SBP. In addition, DBP of PG 2.25 and PG 4.5 show significant increase in the both periods. In the BT, PQ groups show gradual decrease from PQ 2.25 to PQ 9.0; however, PG groups show differently. PG 4.5 shows significant decrease, but PG 9.0 shows a increase without statistical meanings. In summary, PG is more effective in respect to keeping homeostasis of hemodynamics.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 1999

To investigate the stimulating effects of the low- dose radiation, the seeds of chinese cabbages (Brassica campestris L. cv. Hanyoreum and cv. Tropic emperor) were irradiated at the dose of 0.5 Gy~20 Gy with the ${\gamma}$-ray radition. In case of ‘Hanyoreum’cultivar, there were no significant promoting effects on the germination rate except the 0.5 Gy irradiated group. The increase in seedling height and fresh weight in 8 Gy and 12 Gy irradiated groups was 20% and 40%, respectively, which suggested the stimulating effect of the low-dose radiation on the early growth. In case of‘Tropic emperor’cultivar, the germination rate of 1 Gy irradiated group increased approximately 10% and the seedling height and fresh weight of 1 Gy and 12 Gy irradiated group in the greenhouse 20% on the average, and plant height and fresh weight of 0.5 Gy and 4 Gy irradiated group in the field increased 10% and 20% on the average, respectively.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.589-597
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• 1998

Effects of Mori Folium Ethanol Soluble Fraction (MFESF) on mRNA expression of glucose transporters, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and leptin were examined in db/db mice. 500 and 1000mg/kg dose for MFESF (designated by SY 500 and SY 1000, respectively) and 5mg/kg dose for acarbose were administered for 6 weeks. Quantitations of glucose transporters (GLUT-2 and GLUT-4), ACC and leptin mRNA were performed by RT-PCR and in vitro transcription with co-amplification of rat ${\beta}$-actin gene as an internal standard. Muscular GLUT-4 mRNA expression in MFESF-treated groups were increased dose dependently. On the other hand, MFESF caused the GLLT-4 and leptin mRNA expressions in adipose tissue to decrease dose dependently, which means that triglyceride synthesis in adipocytes might be decreased and consequently signals adipocytes to inhibit the synthesis and release of leptin. Hepatic ACC mRNA expression in MFESF-treated groups was also decreased. and this may result in lowering of serum triiglyceride level. In contrast, liver GLUT-2 mRNA expressions in MFESF-treated and acarbose groups were increased. Higher rate of glucose uptake into hepatocytes is known to inhibit a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)-catalyzed reaction, which is a rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.120.1-120.1
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• 2012

The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) launched on June 16, 2009 has six experiments including of the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) onboard. The CRaTER instrument characterizes the radiation environment to be experienced by humans during future lunar missions. The CRaTER instrument measures the effects of ionizing energy loss in matter specifically in silicon solid-state detectors due to penetrating solar energetic protons (SEP) and galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) after interactions with tissue-equivalent plastic (TEP), a synthetic analog of human tissue. The CRaTER instrument houses a compact and highly precise microdosimeter. It measures dose rates below one micro-Rad/sec in silicon in lunar radiation environment. Forbush decrease (FD) event is the sudden decrease of GCR flux. We use the data of cosmic ray and dose rates observed by the CRaTER instrument. We also use the CME list of STEREO SECCHI inner, outer coronagraph and the interplanetary CME data of the ACE/MAG instrument.We examine the origins and the characteristics of the FD-like events in lunar radiation environment. We also compare these events with the FD events on the Earth. We find that whenever the FD events are recorded at ground Neutron Monitor stations, the FD-like events also occur on the lunar environments. The flux variation amplitude of FD-like events on the Moon is approximately two times larger than that of FD events on the Earth. We compare time profiles of GCR flux with of the dose rate of FD-like events in the lunar environment. We figure out that the distinct FD-like events correspond to dose rate events in the CRaTER on lunar environment during the event period.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.509-515
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• 2017

Background Skin flap necrosis is a common complication after mastectomy and breast reconstruction. It has been proven that nitroglycerin ointment, as a topical vasodilator, can decrease the rate of skin flap necrosis after mastectomy and breast reconstruction. However, nitroglycerin can cause several side effects, including headache, dizziness, and hypotension. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the application of a low dose of nitroglycerin ointment reduced the rate of skin flap necrosis in breast reconstruction after skin-sparing or nipple-sparing mastectomy. Methods A total of 73 cases of breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing and skin-sparing mastectomy at our institution from March 2012 to January 2017 were retrospectively studied. Of these patients, 52 received nitroglycerin ointment (4.5 mg) application to the skin around the nipple-areolar complex from August 2015 to January 2017, while 21 received fusidic acid ointment from March 2012 to August 2015. The number of patients who experienced necrosis of the breast skin flap was counted in both groups. Results Skin flap necrosis developed in 2 (3.8%) patients who were treated with nitroglycerin ointment and 5 (23.8%) patients who did not receive nitroglycerin ointment treatment. Patients who did not receive nitroglycerin ointment treatment had a significantly higher risk of mastectomy skin flap necrosis than patients who did (odds ratio=7.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.38 to 44.23; P=0.02). Conclusions Low-dose nitroglycerin ointment administration significantly decreased the rate of skin flap necrosis in patients who underwent breast reconstruction after skin-sparing or nipple-sparing mastectomy, without increasing the incidence of the side effects of nitroglycerin.