• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.321-327
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• 1986

The anthelmintic efficacy of Albendazo1e and Ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes, trematodes and cestode was tested in naturally infected Korean native goats. Albendazole was medicated at a dose rate of 10mg/kg of body weight orally and Ivermectin was injected at a dose rate of 0.2mg/kg of body weight subcutaneously. The efficacy was measured by faecal examinations on the day 7th and the day 14th :after treatment. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The efficacy of Albendazole against trematodes and cestode was shown 91.7% in Fasciola hepatica, 68.8% in Paramphislomum spp., 66.7% in Eurytrema pancreaticum and 100% in Moniezia expansa(cestode). 2. The efficacy of Ivermectin against trematodes and cestode was shown 38.8% in Fasciola hepalica, 26.1% in Paramphistomum spp., 22,2% in Eurytrema pancreaticum and 100% in Moniezia expansa(cestode). 3. The anthelmintic efficacy of Albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes was shown 97.7% in Haemonchus contorus and 100% in Oesophagostomum spp., Ostertagia spp., Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichostrongylus spp., Strongyloides papillosus and Cooperia spp. 4. The efficacy of Ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes was shown 96.6% in Haemonchus contortus, 94.1% in Trichostrongylus spp. and 100% in Oesophagostomum spp., Ostertagia spp., Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Strongyloides papillosus and Cooperia spp.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.269-280
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• 1990

The purpose of the present experiment was to determine the functional subclassification of renal adenosine receptor fer the hemdynamic, excretory and secretory functions in unanesthetized rabbits. Adenosine antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT) or theophylline, was infused into the left renal artery followed by an infusion of adenosine agonist, cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) or 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA). Intrarenal arterial infusion of CHA or NECA caused decreases in urine volume, glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and excreted amount of electrolytes and renin release in a dose-dependent manner. Dose-response curves in renal function by CHA or NECA was similar and shifted to the right with pretreatment of 8-PT or theophylline. No significant differences in renal response to CHA and NECA in antagonist-treated rabbits were observed. However, the decrease in renin secretion rate was not affected by the adminstration of adenosine antagonists. These results suggest that the renal effect of adenosine receptor agonists appears by way of specific adenosine receptor, but which is not functionally subclassified in the rabbit.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.673-682
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• 2018

One of the most widely used methods to estimate core damage during a nuclear power plant accident is containment radiation measurement. The evolution of severe accidents is extremely complex, leading to uncertainty in the containment dose rate (CDR). Therefore, it is difficult to accurately determine core damage. This study proposes to conduct uncertainty analysis of CDR for core damage assessment. First, based on source term estimation, the Monte Carlo (MC) and point-kernel integration methods were used to estimate the probability density function of the CDR under different extents of core damage in accident scenarios with late containment failure. Second, the results were verified by comparing the results of both methods. The point-kernel integration method results were more dispersed than the MC results, and the MC method was used for both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Quantitative analysis indicated a linear relationship, rather than the expected proportional relationship, between the CDR and core damage fraction. The CDR distribution obeyed a logarithmic normal distribution in accidents with a small break in containment, but not in accidents with a large break in containment. A possible application of our analysis is a real-time core damage estimation program based on the CDR.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.578-583
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• 2001

To investigate the feasibility of developing a new tenoxicam plaster, the effects of vehicles and penetration enhancers on the in vitro permeation of tenoxicam from a pressure-sensititre adhesive (PSA) matrices across the dorsal hairless mouse skin were studied. Vehicles employed in this study were propylene glycol (PC)-oleyl alcohol (OAI), PG-oleic acid (OA), and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DCMI)-propylene glycol monolaurate (PCML) cosolvents with/without fatty acids. In this studys amines such as triethanolamine (TEA) and tromethamine (TM) were additionally used as a solubilized. Among PSAs used, $Duro-Tak^{\circledR}$87-2510 showed much higher release rate than either $Duro-Tak^{\circledR}$ 87-2100 or $Duro-Tak^{\circledR}$87-2196. The relatively high flux rate was obtained with the formulation of DCMI-PCML (40:60, v/v) with 3% OA and 5% TM, and the flux increased as a function of the dose;the initial flux up to 12 h was $4.98{\pm}1.38{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/{\textrm{cm}^2}/h$ at the tenoxicam dose of $50{\;} mg/70{\;}{\textrm{cm}^2}$. This flux was much higher than that of a commercial piroxicam patch ($Trast^{\circledR}$) ($1.24{\pm}0.73{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/$\textrm{cm}^2/hr$) with almost only one-third that of the commercial patch. Therefore, these observations indicated that these composition of tenoxicam plaster may be practically applicable.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1977

Dose response of DNA repair synthesis induced by bleomycin was dose-dependent in lower doses, and maximum rate of it at 5 $\\mu$g/ml represents about 15% of total cells analyzed. At higher doses DNA-repair synthesis was reduced and the rate of it remained unchanged even prolonged treatment. Pretreatment with BUdR or IUdR was found to enhance DNA repair synthesis and also to interfere with semiconservative DNA synthesis at higher doses. Time dependence study showed that DNA repair synthesis occurred as long as for 24 hours after removal of bleomycin. These results seem to suggest that bleomycin is not to be an effective chemical in inducing excision repair and that damages induced in DNA by this drug might include not only strand breaks but other types of DNA damage.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.626-632
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• 2023

Acemannan, a highly acetylated glucomannan, was extracted from fresh Aloe vera leaves by ethanol fractionation, resulting in a concentration increase of more than threefold. The presence of acemannan was confirmed using FTIR and ¹H NMR analysis, revealing an average molecular weight of 780 kDa. The flocculating activity of the fractionated aloe gel polysaccharide was assessed through settling tests in a 1% (w/v) bentonite suspension. The results demonstrated that the aloe polysaccharide exhibited remarkable stability within a temperature range of 20~70 ℃. The maximal flocculation rate at different pH levels ranged from 93% to 97%, with an optimal dose for maximum flocculation rate between 0.25 mg/mL. Notably, the minimum dose required for flocculation was achieved at a pH of 3, attributed to the compression of electrostatic repulsion on the surface of bentonite particles. However, the flocs obtained under acidic conditions were less dense and compact, exhibiting lower sedimentation velocity compared to those formed under neutral and alkaline pH conditions. Additionally, the addition of salt showed a slight synergistic effect on flocculation, significantly enhancing the sedimentation velocity. This investigation highlights the potential of Aloe vera polysaccharide as a natural and edible flocculant, offering promising applications in various industries.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.145-157
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• 2024

Undeclared nuclear activities are challenging given the lack of information from the sites involved in such activities. Wide-area environmental sampling (WAES) can be an effective method to detect undeclared nuclear activities. However, it is crucial to address the potential risks during the WAES, including sample tampering or extortions. Therefore, tracking and monitoring of various on-site data is imperative to accurately interpret the status of samples and workers throughout the WAES process. 'Environmental and Geographical Data Transfer (EGDT)' was developed for the real-time monitoring of integrated on-site data. EGDT module is equipped with various sensors and can be attached to a worker's uniform or a sample storage box. This study demonstrated the technical effectiveness of EGDT by exploring three experimental methodologies for feasibility assessment. Compared to the Normal Operation case, the inference of the Sample Extortion case was predominantly based on changes in lux and dose rate. The inference of the Out-of-Work-Area case primarily relied on changes in dose rate and acceleration. Finally, the preliminary evaluation of the performance of the developed prototype was conducted, and a foundation was established for enhancing the application in the WAES process.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.9
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• pp.3914-3924
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• 2024

The release source term of radioactivity becomes a critical foundation for emergency response and accident consequence assessment after a nuclear accident Rapidly and accurately inverting the source term remains an urgent scientific challenge. Today source term inversion based on meteorological data and gamma dose rate measurements is a common method. But gamma dose rate actually includes all nuclides information, and the composition of radioactive nuclides is generally uncertain. This paper introduces a novel nuclear accident source term inversion model, which is Improve Snow Ablation Optimizer-Sensitivity Analysis Pruning Extreme Learning Machine (ISAO-SAELM) model. The model inverts the release rates of 11 radioactive nuclides (I-131, Xe-133, Cs-137, Kr-88, Sr-91, Te-132, Mo-99, Ba-140, La-140, Ce-144, Sb-129). It does not require the use of the physical field of the reactor to obtain prior information and establish a dispersion model. And the robustness is validated through noise analysis test. The mean absolute errors of the release rates of 11 nuclides are 15.52 %, 15.28 %, 15.70 %, 14.99 %, 14.85 %, 15.61 %, 15.96 %, 15.42 %, 15.84 %, 15.13 %, 17.72 %, which show the significant superiority of ISAO-SAELM. ISAO-SAELM model not only achieves notable advancements in accuracy but also receives validation in terms of practicality and feasibility.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.72-80
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• 2017

Purpose: Pilocarpine as a salivation stimulant in pill form has mostly been used to relieve oral dryness for xerostomic patients but its use may often be limited due to variable side effects from systemic absorption. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pilocarpine mouthwash on salivation according to the variable concentration and duration for healthy volunteers. Related adverse effects and subjective assessment on its effects on salivation were also examined. Methods: This study was performed as placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Thirty healthy volunteers (male=23, mean age=22.2 years) were randomly allocated to 6 groups with the different concentration of pilocarpine mouthwash (placebo, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%). The whole experiment consisted of 3 sessions according to the duration of mouthwash, i.e., 1, 3, and 5 minutes with the mean wash-out period ${\geq}2$ days between the sessions. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected before and after gargling with a mouthwash. Results: Salivation of the higher concentration groups ${\geq}1%$ significantly increased than those of lower concentration group. The application period of mouthwash did not cause any changes of salivary flow rate at the higher concentrations ${\geq}1.0%$. The lower concentrations of 0.5% and 0.1% had no effects on salivation even after 5-minute mouthwash. There was no significant difference between blood pressure and pulse rate before and after use of mouthwash. Conclusions: From the results of the current study, pilocarpine mouthwash with at least 1.0% concentration more than a minute might be clinically effective in salivation without any serious side effects. Dose of mouthwash rather than duration seems to be a critical factor to salivation.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.223-232
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• 2010

Artesunate, a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, is used primarily as a treatment for malaria. Its effects on the central nervous system, general behavior, and cardiovascular, respiratory, and other organ systems were studied using mice, rats, guinea pigs, and dogs. Artesunate was administered orally to mice at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg and to rats and guinea pigs at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. In dogs, test drugs were administered orally in gelatin capsules at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg. Artesunate induced insignificant changes in general pharmacological studies, including general behavior, motor coordination, body temperature, analgesia, convulsion modulation, blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and electrocardiogram (ECG) in dogs in vivo; respiration in guinea pigs; and gut motility or direct effects on isolated guinea pig ileum, contractile responses, and renal function. On the other hand, artesunate decreased the HR and coronary flow rate (CFR) in the rat in vitro; however, the extent of the changes was small and they were not confirmed in in vivo studies in the dog. Artesunate increased hexobarbital-induced sleeping time in a dose-related manner. Artesunate induced dose-related decreases in the volume of gastric secretions and the total acidity of gastric contents, and induced increases in pH at a dose of 400 mg/kg. However, all of these changes were observed at doses much greater than clinical therapeutic doses (2.4 mg/kg in humans, when used as an anti-malarial). Thus, it can be concluded that artesunate is safe at clinical therapeutic doses.