• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.11-14
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• 2010

Four species in two genera of the family Doliolidae are identified and re-described in Korean waters: Doliolum denticulatum Quoy and Gaimard, 1834, Doliolum nationalis Borgert, 1894, Dolioletta gegenbauri (Uljanin, 1884), and Dolioletta tritonis (Herdman, 1888). Dolioletta gegenbauri is newly recorded in Korean fauna. A key to species of the family Doliolidae in Korea is provided.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2002

The effects of UV-B and commercial grade pesticides (butachlor and carbofuran), individually and in combination, were studied on a variety of physiological processes of rice field cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum. Butachlor was found to be $2-12\%$ more toxic than carbofuran and $4-24\%$ than UV-B on the growth, photosynthesis, lipid peroxidation, membrane permeability, and nitrogenase activity of the test cyanobacterium. Of the three photosynthesis inhibitors, the butachlor-induced inhibition of whole chain was approximately 3 and $21\%$ higher than carbofuran and UV-B, respectively. Although the interaction of the stress factors caused a significant inhibition (P<0.01), it was still less than the additive effect on the parameters investigated, except for PSI.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2015

The cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum Ind1 isolated from a coal mining site was tested for removal of cadmium at optimum pH 7.0 and temperature $25^{\circ}C$. The organism recorded high percentage of metal removal (92-69%) within seven days of exposure to 0.5-2.0 ppm cadmium. Biosorption onto the cell surface was the primary mode of metal removal. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) established hydroxyl, amides, carboxyl, sulphate and carbonyl groups to be the major functional groups on the cell surface involved in cadmium binding. Cellular ultrastructure and a range of vital physiological processes (i.e., photosynthetic pigments, respiration, photosynthesis, heterocyst frequency and nitrogenase activity) remained unaffected upon 0.5 ppm treatment; higher concentrations of cadmium exerted visible adverse effects. Amongst the five photosynthetic pigments tested, phycocyanin was the most targeted pigment (inhibition was 15-89%). Both respiration and photosynthetic activities were inhibited by cadmium with more severe effect seen on respiration. 2.0 ppm cadmium exposure also had drastic negative effect on nitrogenase activity (87% decreased).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1354-1367
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• 2014

In the present work, we describe a simple, cheap, and unexplored method for "green" synthesis of silver nanoparticles using cell extracts of the cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum. An attempt was also made to test the antimicrobial and antitumor activities of the synthesized nanoparticles. Analytical techniques, namely UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and TEM-selected area electron diffraction, were used to elucidate the formation and characterization of silver-cyanobacterial nanoparticles (Ag-CNPs). Results showed that the original color of the cell extract changed from reddish blue to dark brown after addition of silver nitrate solution (1 mM) within 1 h, suggesting the synthesis of Ag-CNPs. That the formation Ag-CNPs indeed occurred was also evident from the spectroscopic analysis of the reaction mixture, wherein a prominent peak at 420 nm was noted. TEM images revealed well-dispersed, spherical Ag-CNPs with a particle size in the range of 10-50 nm. The X-ray diffraction spectrum suggested a crystalline nature of the Ag-CNPs. FTIR analysis indicated the utilization of a hydroxyl (-OH) group in the formation of Ag-CNPs. Ag-CNPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against three multidrug-resistant bacteria. Additionally, Ag-CNPs strongly affected the survival of Dalton's lymphoma and human carcinoma colo205 cells at a very low concentration. The Ag-CNPs-induced loss of survival of both cell types may be due to the induction of reactive oxygen species generation and DNA fragmentation, resulting in apoptosis. Properties exhibited by the Ag-CNP suggest that it may be used as a potential antibacterial and antitumor agent.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.24-34
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• 1993

동물플랑크톤의 계절별 분포 특성을 파악하기 위하여 황해 중동부해역을 대상으로 1987년 4월부터 1988년 6월까지 두달 간격으로 조사를 실시하였다. 이 기간중 총 18속 24종의 동물플랑크톤이 동정 되었게, 이중 12속 17종이 요각류였다. 출현한 동물플랑 크톤중 Noctiluca scintillans가 연안역 정점에서 계절에 따라 전체 동물플랑크톤 군 집에 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 일부 요각류의 분포를 배제하는 것으로 사료되었다. 동물플 랑크톤 출현양의 30-60.4%를 차지하는 요각류 군집 개체수의 계절별 변화양상은 연안 역 정점이 외해역 정점보다 생태환경의 다양함을 보여주었다. 요각류중 Acartia omorii가 4월과 6월에 Paracalanus parvus가 8월부터 12월까지, Corycaeus affinis가 12월에 각각 우점종으로 출현하였다. 난류 지표중인 Sagitta enflata가 8월부터 12월 까지 조사 해역에 출현하여 본 해역에 대한 난류의야 향을 시사하였으며, 이러한 측면 에서 난수성인 Doliolum sp. 의 10월의 다량 출현도 의미있는 결과였다. 동물플랑크톤 에 대한 종조성 및 양적 분포의 계절적 특성은 수괴의 계절적 변화에 따라 영향을 받 는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2004

We used long time series of hydrographic and biological variables to examine the ecosystem consequences of a rare, anomalous event in the south sea of Korea. The highest zooplankton biomass in 36 years of sampling occurred in April 1997. Zooplankton biomass exceeded 2 times than the long-term mean at 35% of the stations. Copepod abundance was low in April and June and also failed to show a seasonal peak in 1997. Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) catches were very low in spring 1997 and 1999, in spite of a positive correlation between zooplankton biomass and mackerel catches at lags of 0, 12 and 24 months. It was discussed that a high zooplankton biomass with low copepod abundance in April 1997 resulted from unusual high temperature and salps abundance. Water temperatures were ca. $2^{\circ}C$ higher than the long-term mean at the surface. Salps and doliolids (thaliaceans), especially the warm-water species Doliolum nationalis, dominated the zooplankton. An unusual incursion of the Tsushima Warm Current may have transported the thaliaceans into the area and/or produced favorable conditions for a bloom. This study suggested that taxonomic composition of zooplankton was important to decide mackerel catches.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.544-551
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• 2003

Interactive effects of UV-B and Cd on growth, pigment, photosynthesis, and lipid peroxidation have been studied in Anabaena, Microcystis, and Nostoc; all the tested cyanobacteria showed differential sensitivity to different dosage of UV-B and Cd alone as well as in combination. Phycocyanin was severely affected by UV-B and Cd by all the strains; the degree of pigment bleaching was most pronounced in Anabaena followed by Microcystis and Nostoc. $UV-B_2+Cd_2$ produced nearly 83, 78, and 65% inhibition of phycocyanin in Anabaena, Microcystis, and Nostoc, respectively. The above treatment also significantly decreased the contents of Chl ${\alpha}$ and carotenoid. Presence of capsule in Microcystis protected the phycocyanin bleaching as compared to decapsulated cells. Laboratory-grown Microcystis revealed about 75 and 80% inhibition, following $UV-B_2+Cd_2$ treatment, respectively. in capsulated and decapsulated cells. Damage caused by Cd was more pronounced than UV-B. Inhibition of photosynthesis did occur in all the test strains, being maximum in Anabaena. PS II was the most sensitive component of the electron transport chain, showing 84, 80, and 70% inhibition in Anabaena, Microcystis, and Nostoc, respectively. As compared to control, significant lipid peroxidation (6.5-fold higher) was observed in Anabaena with $UV-B_2+Cd_2$, $^{14}C-uptake$ was more susceptible to Cd and Uv-B than oxygen-evolution. Approximately 84, 80, and 76% inhibition of $^{14}C-uptake$ was observed in Anabaena, Microcystis, and Nostoc, respectively. Similarly, $UV-B_2+Cd_2$ inhibited APT content of Anabaena by 87%. This ,study suggests that inhibition of carbon fixation was due to decreased ATP content of the test cyanobacteria by UV-B+Cd, where Anabaena was the most sensitive and Nostoc the most tolerant.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.243-258
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• 1977

부산직할시 영도와 조도 사이의 해역은 조류소통이 충분히 이루어지고 있었으나 1969년 4월 착공하여 1974년 1월 완공된 길이 약 800m인 영도와 조도간 방파제와 이 방파제와 이어진 길이 약, 10,000인 조도에 이루어진 길이 약 1,000m 조도에 의하여 완전히 양분되어 서오 직접적인 조류유통이 단결된 두 해역(북쪽만, 남쪽만)이 되었다. 이 두 해역의 환경 부유생물상을 비교하여 서식된 양분되어 서로직접적인 조류소통이 차단된 두 해역(북쪽만, 남쪽만)이 되었다. 이 두해역의 환경요소와 부유생물상을 비교하여 보고자 북쪽만의 외측에 A, 내측에 B, 남쪽만 내측에 C, 외측에 D를 선정하고, 1976년 3월부터 1977년 2월까지 1년간 월 1회 시료를 채취하여 조사하였다. 1. 환경요소로서는 수온, 염분농도, 용존산소, 투명도와 영양염류인 인산염, 규산염, 아질산염을 조사하였으며, 부분적인 예외를 제외하면 북쪽만의 A, B 지점과 남쪽만의 C, D지점간에는 각 환경요소에 있어서 차이를 가지고 있었다. 2. 직물성부유생물은 A, B, C, D 전조사지점에서 조사기간 중 Diatom이 31속 86종, Flagellata가 10속 22종, Ciliata가 4속 8종, Chlorophyta가 1속 2종이 출현하였다. 3. Diatom의 종구성에서는 A, B지점과 C, D지점간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나, 출현량에 있어서는 A, B지점이 C, D 지점에 비하여 2배이상이었다. Diatom의 우점권은 Skeletonema costatum으로서 A,B지점과 C, D 지점간 Diatom 현존양 차이의 주원인이 되고 있었다. 4. Flagellata와 Ciliata는 북쪽만의 A, B지점이 남쪽만의 C, D지점에 비하여 월등히 높은 출현량을 보였다. 5. 동물성 부유생물은 전조사기관 중 주축을 이루는 18속 24종의 Copepoda를 비롯하여 Evadne sp., Conchoecia sp., Balanus 유생, shrimp 유생, Polychaeta 유생, bipinnaria 유생, ophiopleuteus 유생, Sagitta sp., Oikopleura sp., Doliolum sp. 및 어란과 치어가 검색되었다. 6. 동물성 부유생물의 출환량은 남쪽만의 C, D지점이 북쪽만의 A, B지점에 비하여 많았으며, 이러한 차이를 주도한 것은 Copepoda로서 C, D지점에서 A, B지점의 2.5배가 출현하였다. 7. Copepoda 중 우점종은 Corycaeus affinis와 Paracalanus parvus었으며, 이들의 출현경향이 전체 동물성 부유생물 출현경향을 좌우하였다. 8. Euglena sp.는 총출현량의 대부분이 A, B지점에서 출현하였으며, Synedra ulna가 A지점에서만 출현하였다. 9. Sagitta sp. 가 C, D지점에서 A, B지점에 비하여 약2배 출현하였다. 10. 본 조사결과 방파제 조도 자체에 의하여 양분된 북쪽만과 남쪽만은 수온, 염분, 투명도, 영양염 등의 환원요소와 plankton조성, 출현량, 소장경향등의 부유생물상에 차이를 가지고 있었다.