• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.179-201
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• 1999

CALS/EC is about doing business electronically. It is based on the electronic processing and transmission of data, including text, sound and video. It encompasses many diverse activities including electronic trading of goods and services, online delivery of digital content, electronic fund transfers, electronic share trading, electronic bills of lading, commercial auctions, collaborative design and engineering, online sourcing, public procuremet, direct consumer marketing, and after-sales service. It involves both products(e.g. consumer goods, specialised medical equipment) and services(e.g. information services, financial and legal services); traditional activities(e.g. healthcare, education) and new activities (e.g. virtual malls). CALS/EC will be emerging to replace and substitute the role of the conventional market. By changing and eliminating some processes of the transactions, the electronic market and the electronic commerce will redistribute the power and hence the benefits of the market activities. Traditional way of doing business may enter into the new electronic market because the role and function of trust and established reputation will be reinforced in the electronic market. The CALS/EC through the Internet has been in the spotlight in the shopping behavior of the consumers. Accordingly Corporates are trying to adapt themselves to those rapidly changing environments being affected by the Internet. Among others, particularly to be noted is the CALS/EC between corporations and consumers whose potential growth can be considered very substantial. This report, focusing on the introduction of CALS/EC for the logistics of SMEs, will allow us to prepare more efficiently for the coming 21st Century. It is obvious that CALS/EC is fast becoming the useful way of exchanging not only information but products in business between firm-to-firm and firm-to-customer.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.156-160
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• 2021

Every day brings a new challenge to the humanities. Life nowadays needs accuracy, privacy, integrity, authenticity, and security to run life systems especially the monetary system. Things now differ from previous centuries. Multiple varieties in digital banking have opened the new and most advanced innovations for human beings. The monetary system is going to developed day by day to facilitate the public. Electronic money has amazed the world and gave a challenge to central banking. For this purpose, there will be a need for strict security, information, and confidence. Blockchain technology has opened new gateways. Bitcoin has become the most famous digital currency, which has created a thunderstorm in digital marketing. Blockchain, as a new Financial Technology, has satisfied all the security issues and satisfied doing business in secure ways that encourage investors to invest and keep the world business wheel. Assessment of the sustainability of implementing Bitcoin in financial institutions will be discussed. Every new system has its pros and cons in which a clear vision of what we are about to use can be sought. Through this research paper, a demonstration of the monetary system evolution, the new ways of doing business, some evidence in a form of academic cases will be demonstrated through comparison a table, a suggested method to transfer to the new system in safe mode will be proposed, and a conclusion will be concluded.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.121-151
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• 2006

As globalisation extends its effect and particularly following China's accession to the World Trade Organization(WTO) in 2001, ever greater numbers of international transactions will feature a Chinese party. China has certainly made efforts in recent years to rectify law problem. While conducting business in China, foreign companies occasionally find themselves embroiled in disputes with Chinese individuals and companies. As foreign businesses invest in the extraordinary market opportunities in China, international arbitration has also become the preferred method for handling disputes with Chinese partners or with other foreign corporation over operations in China. The new Arbitration Rules of the International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission(CIETAC) came into force on 1 May 2005. The new rules represent a major overhaul of CIETAC arbitration procedures and are sure to enhance CIETAC's position as a leading player in the resolution of China-foreign business disputes. The changes are significant for all companies doing business in China. So, this article investigated some amendments on the basis of 2000 Rules.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.147-161
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• 2009

This study uses data envelopment analysis(DEA) to examine the relative efficiency in the production of research of 414 Korean universities utilizing the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Report(MESTR) focusing on the 2009. This study has examined DEA and how it measures the efficiency of university units. This study has also useful suggested various approaches to advance efficiency and can provide substantial guidance for increasing the competitiveness between universities, through identifying problematic areas with the input factors and by doing so improving the output factors.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.49-60
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• 2000

A major topic in the field of network and telecommunications is doing business on the Word Wide Web(WWW), which is called Electronic Commerce(EC). Another major topic is blending Artificial Intelligent techniques with the WWW. To provide customer with the information of goods in suit with a customer liking, we propose multi agent system which is consist of customer agent and search agent etc. Also we use case-based reasoning for customer liking searching the information of goods and training through the reuse. This reuse make efficient management of information and a process of operation. In the relation between customer and goods, if there are some goods which is not search from case-base reasoning, we calculate satisfaction function for customer purchase goods. And to provide customer with the information of goods in the first of satisfaction function, This EC system can always provide the information of goods which is satisfied to customer.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1082-1096
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine laundry behavior according to the number of households and the type of washing machine that each household used. The data was obtained from questionnaires filled out by 417 households, which included college students living in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. The results of this study are as follows: first, according to the results of survey about the number of household members and type of washing machine that household had, one or two-person households accounted for 24.0%. Regarding the type of washing machine that each household used, there were more drum washers. In households comprised of three or more persons, a higher percentage had a machine with a pulsator. Second, with regard to the method of classifying the wash in doing the laundry, all families classified the wash according to color and textile material. Third, with regard to the amount of detergent in doing the laundry, 63.5% of households used the recommended amount of detergent while 28.3% of households used more detergent than the recommended amount. Fourth, with regard to the set temperature of water in doing the laundry, 36.2% of households used cold water; this was the highest percentage. Fifth, with regard to input sequence in doing the laundry, most households put the wash in the machine in advance, and then filled the washer with water; 56.1% of households added a rinsing process for all washing processes.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-82
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• 2007

This aim of study is to offer three way(the E-commerce operations site, electronic catalog site, the E- commerce function improvement, the off-line E-biz revitalization) for E-commerce revitalization of business incubator center's resident enterprise through interview with business incubator center's resident enterprise, business incubator center's manager and the operation company of the COBIAN as E-commerce site of business incubator center. Solutions presented by business incubator center are considered from various angles to improve law perception in the COBIAN and to exchange contact information among BI companies in the COBIAN. And The solution emphasize an efficiency as well as an absolute investment to present the solutions that are able to do better important function as business incubator center than any other. furthermore, a business incubator center presents solutions for solving problems with small and medium enterprises as well as the COBIAN, which is doing E-commerce operation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.95-98
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• 2000

The rapid expansion of the WWW is well known and has huge potential for enabling companies, large and small, to gain new marketplaces globally at low cost, or to be disintermediated by others doing so. A totally new competitive environment opening up new opportunities is upon us. As a result, the electronic commerce is growing quickly and the importance of electronic marketplace is emphasized. From the view of SCM, applying the business-to-business electronic commerce to the relationship between firms is expected to make major changes. This study focuses on the effects of the introduction of web-based purchasing systems on the buyer-supplier relationship. We conduct a case study on the Korean firms The major findings of this study are summarized as follows. First, in introductory phase, some buying firms fail to design the appropriate mechanism for business relationships. It can weaken the cooperation between buyers and suppliers. Second, for critical or customized parts, it is possible to gather the information about potential suppliers and to make business relations using it. Third, using web-based purchasing systems, capable suppliers can take more opportunities to leverage its competence for business relations. So we can expect the positive feedback.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.22-25
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• 2000

With the dawn of the 21st century, the corporate business environment started to witness the unprecedented, intense competition on global basis. As a result, the kind of corporate business activity that can respond swiftly to the new changes emerged as one of the most critical factors to increase corporate competitiveness. Being reborn as a strategy-focused organization means seeking innovation. And the strategy not involving innovation is just meaningless. It is this innovation that lies at the heart of the corporate strategy, and that is the only way for continuation of the corporation. The most important pending issue facing companies today is to bolster corporate competencies fit for new business environment, to develop corporate culture required for getting competitiveness edge back, and ultimately to put the company on the continued growth path. Corporate culture, as the very underlying belief and philosophy, is not just woven into the fabric of the corporate management strategy and into the way the company is doing its business. It also, as a regulation and norm for its employees to stick by, affects the way they think and behave. This paper aims at presenting the role of the corporate culture in working out problems encountered by companies today, like corporate innovation, instilling vitality to the organization, beefing up the underlying corporate capabilities, and making transformation required by the changing business environment.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.66
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• pp.191-218
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• 2015

This research is, first of all, a theoretical study concerning 'conflict.' Only then, we could obtain ways in which we manage and resolve various problems arising from conflicts in business between Korean and Chinese companies. In doing this, we also tried to grasp cultural characteristics, or factors, in Chinese ways of carrying out negotiations that lead to conflicts with us. On the basis of these preliminary considerations, we developed practical techniques of conflict management and types of negotiation strategy. We thereby could suggest broader strategic implications for better performance in international business. Concretely, this research investigates techniques of conflict management and types of negotiation strategy. For such techniques and types, we suggest, (1) Sharing technique or reconciliatory compromising negotiation and its compromise strategy, (2) collaborative technique or cooperative negotiation and its win-win strategy, (3) competitive technique or competitive negotiation and its profit-seeking attack strategy, (4) accommodative technique or receptive negotiation and its relation-maintaining yield strategy, (5) avoidant technique or evasive negotiation and its indifference-showing avoidance strategy. This research contributes to promote understanding on negotiation culture of chinese corporate. and we provide the guideline of the conflict management and the insight for the efficiency strategy of chinese business negotiation. But, empirical data and statistical examinations should be added to our present research for the future prospective ones.