• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.476-479
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• 2006

A 9-year-old, female Yorkshire terrier and a 10-year-old, female Maltese were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University. The dogs were presented with severe swelling and cutaneous sinus tract on the left suborbital lesion. Under general anesthesia, we performed physical, intraoral examinations and survey radiography, and diagnosed as periapical abscess in a left fourth premolar tooth. They were treated with tooth extraction, and the sinus tracts were drained with 0.05% chlorhexidine solution. After teeth extractions, medication applied by the result of antibiotic sensitivity test. During follow-up 10 months later, the left suborbital swelling had completely resolved.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.352-357
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• 2017

Teeth are made up of three hard tissues, enamel, dentin, and cementum. The dental pulp is the only non-mineralized connective tooth tissue that is surrounded by dentin. The dentin-pulp complex is able to respond to injury by producing hard tissue deposition. However, dentin is considered one of the most difficult tissues to regenerate because of its unique anatomic and physiologic nature. Recently, advances in understanding the applicability of bio-active dentin regenerating proteins are emerging with the development of biological-based therapies using bio-active materials. Dentin defects were regenerated by the deposition of tubular physiologic dentin after application of the bio-active protein in a beagle dog model. Therefore, the bio-active protein may be able to serve as a novel dentin regenerating material and improve symptoms of dentin hypersensitivity.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.5 s.52
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• pp.587-592
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to observe the pattern of bone remodellings in the periodontal ligament of dog, in which experimental tooth movement was performed A control and 5 experimental dogs, one and half year in age, were studied. Light force (50-75g) was applied by placing open-coil spring between left mandibular premolars ; heavy force (250-300g), between right mandibular premolars. Experimental dogs were sacrificed at 12 hours, 1, 3 ,7 and 14 days after force application, respectively. And soft X-ray films were obtained and read on the sectioned periodontal tissue around mandibular premolars. The results were as follows. 1. New bone formation began to be observed in tension side at 7-day and increased at 14-day , No difference was observed between light force group and heavy force group. 2. Bone resorption was observed as a shape of destruction of lamina dura at 3-day and increased gradually at 7-day, 14-day.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.574-583
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the expenditure items and expenses for companion dogs and the appropriate considerations when choosing companion dog food for consumers who purchase dog food through the internet. The survey subjects consisted of 39 males (6.8%) and 532 females (93.2%), and it was found that most women purchase dog food through the internet. According to the age of dog owner, 184 (32.2%) were in their 20s and 241 (42.2%) in their 30s and 146 (25.6%) in their 40s or older. According to the age of the dogs, 200 (35%) were under 3 years old, 202 (35.4%) over 8 years old, and 169 (29.6%) were between 4 and 7 years old. The most preferred ingredient was chicken, regardless of dogs' owner or the dogs' age. Spending less than 100,000 won was most frequency reported, regardless of dog owner and the age of the dog, and major dog food was reported to be purchased in the order of online shopping malls and animal hospitals. In order to improve health function, it was determined that improvement of skin and hair is the most important, and next, was improvement of tooth bone formation and digestibility. When choosing food for companion dogs, nutritional composition of all the products was the most important consideration, followed by brand products with recognition, color, smell, shape, functional improvement products, and price of the products. Therefore, when developing a new product for companion dog food, consideration must be given not only to the nutritional components of all products, but also the brands, color, odor, shape, nutritional balance, functional improvement and price.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.213-233
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• 2006

Over the past years techniques for non-linear analysis have been enhanced significantly via improved solution procedures, extended finite element techniques and increased robustness of constitutive models. Nevertheless, problems remain, especially for real world structures of softening materials like concrete. The softening gives negative stiffness and risk of bifurcations due to multiple cracks that compete to survive. Incremental-iterative techniques have difficulties in selecting and handling the local peaks and snap-backs. In this contribution, an alternative method is proposed. The softening diagram of negative slope is replaced by a saw-tooth diagram of positive slopes. The incremental-iterative Newton method is replaced by a series of linear analyses using a special scaling technique with subsequent stiffness/strength reduction per critical element. It is shown that this event-by-event strategy is robust and reliable. First, the model is shown to be objective with respect to mesh refinement. Next, the example of a large-scale dog-bone specimen in direct tension is analyzed using an isotropic version of the saw-tooth model. The model is capable of automatically providing the snap-back response. Subsequently, the saw-tooth model is extended to include anisotropy for fixed crack directions to accommodate both tensile cracking and compression strut action for reinforced concrete. Three different reinforced concrete structures are analyzed, a tension-pull specimen, a slender beam and a slab. In all cases, the model naturally provides the local peaks and snap-backs associated with the subsequent development of primary cracks starting from the rebar. The secant saw-tooth stiffness is always positive and the analysis always 'converges'. Bifurcations are prevented due to the scaling technique.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.623-626
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• 1977

The author made two implant blades of gold alloy metal, and applied CEKA attachment to one blade. These two blades were implanted at the sockets resulting from removal of both 3rd premolar of experimental dog. Simple crown and tooth supporting denture was constructed on the implanted blades the author observed above mentioned procedures for 8 weeks. The obtained results were as follows; 1) There is no remarkable necrosis of supporting alveolar bone on both sides So, metal reaction was favourable. 2) Masticatory force which is loaded on each tooth was not effective on the alveolar bone.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.303-317
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• 1994

This study was designed to measure the changes in the titer of tooth root antibodies accompanying root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement in dogs to explore a role of the specific immune response in root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. Five adult mongrel dogs, 2 years of age, were used in the study. Six lower incisors were extracted as sources of homologous antigen in the dogs. Tooth root antigen preparations were made from a 6M Guanidine-HCl-10% EDTA(pH5.0) extract of these root dentins. Root resorption was elicited by intrusion of six maxillary incisors with 200-250gm intrusive force. In 9th week, resorbing six maxillary anterior teeth were extracted. Serum samples were taken from each dog prior to intrusion and weekly for 11 consecutive weeks. Serum autoantibody titers were determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. As controls for antibody specificity, sera which were previously incubated with tooth root antigen as well as sera to an unrelated bacterial antigen (Porphyromonas gingivalis 33277) for 3 hours at 25 were measured in all runs. Root resorption was monitored monthly using occlusal radiographs. And then root resorption patterns were observed with a zoom stereo microscope (Model SZH-121, Olympus optical Co. Ltd.). Incisors did not show clear radiographic evidence of significant and progressive root resorption, but periodontal ligament space had widened. But root resorption was observed on the apical regions of the maxillary incisors with a zoom stereo microscope. Teeth showed the shallow depression generally accompanying deep resorption. These demonstrate a slight tendency for an immediate decrease followed by rebound to levels above the pre-treatment baseline. A peak titer of autoantibody to dentin antigen occurred on day 28, then steadily decreased during the 9th week period as the roots resorbed and then rapidly spiked in animals when the resorbing teeth were extracted. When sera is incubated with tooth root antigen, serum activity in the ELISA was almost absent. This is because serum activity in the ELISA could be removed by absorption of the serum with dog dentin antigen. Serum ELISA activity to the unrelated bacterial antigen remained essentially unchanged in all animals throughout the experimental period. When the time course of changes in autoantibody to homologous tooth root antigen prepatration and unrelated bacterial antigen was compared, no significant differences were found(${\alpha}=0.05$). In general, the overall pattern of changes in autoantibody was similar to the two antigens. These findings suggest the possibility that these immunologic changes precede a significant development of root resorption lesions rather than merely reflecting their presence. Therefore, this suggests that the changes of antibody levels may have some predictive value for root resorption.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.207-207
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• 2006

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2010

Tooth restoration with implant placement have been interested in modern veterinary dentistry. It is important to reduce the interval between the tooth extraction and the insertion of the implants, to determine the restoration time after implant placement in dogs The aim of the this study was to compare the bone mineral apposition rate of immediately loaded implants with an unloaded control during the early healing state in the artificial extraction mandible. In four Beagles, two premolar sockets (PM2 and PM3) of the both sides of the mandible were installed with a one stage titanium mini-implant with a length of 11 mm and a diameter of 3.37 mm immediately after tooth extraction. Provisional restroration was given to implants, 3 weeks after implant placement in the left side (immediate loading) and 12 weeks in the right side (delayed loading), respectively. Radiographic and histologic examinations were performed. Radiographic evaluation revealed no significant difference between two groups. Bone-implant contact was $47.1{\pm}8.9$ in immediate loading and $50.2{\pm}8.2$ in delayed loading, interthread bone density was $78.7{\pm}10.9$ in immediate loading and $73.1{\pm}15.5$ in delayed loading, and peri-implant bone density was $95.4{\pm}7.1$ in immediate loading and $95.0{\pm}5.2$ in delayed loading, respectively. Three histologic analyses showed no significant difference between delayed and immediate loading. Followed by this study, the immediate loading of implants insterted into fresh extraction sockets after tooth extraction could be considered in veterinary dentistry.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.2 s.85
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• pp.173-185
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• 2001

The orthodontic osseointegrated titanium implant, a kind of intraoral skeletal anchorage can be an alternative to tooth-borne anchorage, in case that the conventional tooth-borne anchorage is not available or the anchorage is critical. This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of early loading on the osseointegration of the orthodontic titanium implant and the healing process of the impaired bone at the site of implant after removing it. In two adult beagle dogs24 osseointegrated titanium implants were inserted into the alveolar bone, with 12 implants placed in each dog. In dog1, 6 out of 12 implants were loaded with 200-300gm of force immediately after placing, and the remaining 6 implants were not loaded for 4weeks. In dog2, all 12 implants had healing period of 4weeks, and then were loaded with 200-300gm of force for another 4weeks. Following an observation period of 4 and 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed. Then the implants and the surrounding bone of dog1 and dog2 were removed, respectively. Undecalcified sections along the long axis of implant were made and the degree of osseointegration was examined under the light microscope. The results were as follows. 1. In the histologic features of tissues around implants anchored in dog1, there was no difference between immediately loaded implants and unloaded implants. Immature woven bone was ingrowing into the thread spaces from the original compacta and in direct contact with the implant surface in part. 2. The premature loading just after 4weeks healing period did not halt the progress of the osseointegration between bone and implant surface. The woven bone around the implants was maturing into the lamellar bone which resembled the structure of the original compacta at the end of 8weeks observation period. 3. Most implants with the inflammed surrounding mucosa were lost or mobile. The mobile implants were encapsulated by fibrous connective tissue which separated the implant surface from the bone. 4. The impaired bone at the site of the implant failed to anchor was showing recovery without inflammatory reaction 2weeks after removing, with the immaure woven bone lined by active osteoblasts and osteoid. Based on the results of this study, the integration of this orthodontic implant seemed to be impaired by the inflammation of the tissue surrounding the Implant rather than by early loading on implant, and increased with time lapsed after placing the implant. The use of implant described in this report can be recommended as an orthodontic anchorage unit immediately after insertion under the careful control of orthodontic force applied and plaque.