• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1748-1758
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• 2012

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of chemical composition of wheat shorts and red dog on energy and amino acid digestibility in growing pigs and to establish prediction models to estimate their digestible (DE) and metabolizable (ME) energy content and as well as their standardized ileal digestible (SID) amino acid content. For Exp. 1, sixteen diets were fed to thirty-two growing pigs according to a completely randomized design during three successive periods. The basal diet was based on corn and soybean meal while the other fifteen diets contained 28.8% wheat shorts (N = 7) or red dog (N = 8), added at the expense of corn and soybean meal. Over the three periods, each diet was fed to six pigs with each diet being fed to two pigs during each period. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy in wheat shorts and red dog averaged 75.1 and 87.9%. The DE values of wheat shorts and red dog averaged 13.8 MJ/kg (range 13.1 to 15.0 MJ/kg) and 15.1 MJ/kg (range 13.3 to 16.6 MJ/kg) of dry matter, respectively. For Exp. 2, twelve growing pigs were allotted to two $6{\times}6$ Latin Square Designs with six periods. Ten of the diets were formulated based on 60% wheat shorts or red dog and the remaining two diets were nitrogen-free diets based on cornstarch and sucrose. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an indigestible marker in all diets. There were no differences (p>0.05) in SID values for the amino acids in wheat shorts and red dog except for lysine and methionine. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and SID values for lysine in different sources of wheat shorts or red dog, which averaged 78.1 and 87.8%, showed more variation than either methionine or tryptophan. A stepwise regression was performed to establish DE, ME and amino acid digestibility prediction models. Data indicated that fiber content and amino acid concentrations were good indicators to predict energy values and amino acid digestibility, respectively. The present study confirms the large variation in the energy content and amino acid digestibility in wheat shorts and red dog, and describes the factors that influence this variation and presents equations based on chemical composition that could probably be used to predict the DE and ME values as well as the amino acid digestibility of wheat shorts and red dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.63.1-63.9
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• 2023

Background: New alternative types of pet foods such as raw and cooked homemadestyle diets containing human food ingredients have been introduced due to a trend of pet humanization and diversification of consumer needs. Objectives: To evaluate nutritional adequacy of new alternative types of dog foods containing human food ingredients as maintenance diets for dogs. Methods: Eleven homemade-style foods for adult dogs were purchased from online channel in Korea and analyzed to evaluate nutritional adequacy for adult dogs. Nutrients analyzed included crude protein, amino acids, crude fat, fatty acids, and minerals. Results: Crude protein and amino acids in all products satisfied Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) requirements. Crude fat in one of 11 products did not meet AAFCO requirements. The most deficient minerals were selenium (10 of 11, 90.9%), copper (five of 11, 45.5%), zinc (five of 11, 45.5%), potassium (three of 11, 27.3%), calcium (three of 11, 27.3%), iron (two of 11, 18.2%), and magnesium (one of 11, 9.1%). Six products were not in the range of the recommended Ca:P ratio in AAFCO dog food maintenance nutrient profiles. Conclusions: This study performed nutritional evaluation of raw and cooked homemadestyle foods as maintenance diets for adult dogs. Some nutritional inadequacies were observed including some minerals, Ca:P ratio, and omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio, although three products (26.2%) satisfied the AAFCO standard except selenium. Overall, the data suggest a need for accurate nutritional adequacy statement for consumers based on proper methods to validate the formula.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.407-416
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• 2023

Plant-based, grain-free, and gluten-free diets have been the focus of recent research, as part of the premiumization trend in dog food. However, the lack of comprehensive information regarding carbohydrates in dog food makes it difficult to produce nutritionally balanced meals. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of carbohydrate ingredients commonly used in commercial dog foods. First, using data from Euromonitor, we investigated the trends in the dry dog food industry and analyzed the annual volume of dry dog food sales, as well as the dog population from 2010 to 2021 in Korea. The growth of the market was greatest in 2021, when the total value of sales of premium dry dog food was 254.3 billion KRW (Korean won) more than in 2010. In addition, sales of dry dog food by age category were marked by a significant increase (404.8%) in the market for dry food for senior dogs. Second, we examined the frequency of carbohydrate ingredients used in dry dog food and conducted a proximate analysis of the top 10 most frequently used ingredients. Subsequently, we analyzed the crude protein, crude fat, and nitrogen-free extract in the carbohydrate ingredients based on dry matter (DM) and calculated the ratio of metabolic energy content supplied from each nutrient in the carbohydrate ingredients. The ratio of metabolic energy content in the carbohydrate ingredients indicated that mung beans had the highest crude protein content (31.3%), whereas oats exhibited the highest crude fat content (23.3%). Sweet potatoes had the highest nitrogen-free extract content, measuring at 93.6%. The results of this study are expected to provide a valuable foundation for the growth and development of the domestic dog food industry, while also contributing to a deeper understanding of the specific role of each ingredient as a carbohydrate source.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2009

본 연구는 진도성견의 단백질 급여수준이 질소균형에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 단백질 급여 표준을 설정하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 실시하였다. 진도견 성견초기(생후 36~38주령)와 성견후기(생후 45~49주령)의 암컷 12두를 대상으로 단백질 수준을 17, 19 및 21%로 설정한 실험사료를 급여하여 체중, 사료섭취량 및 분뇨 배설량을 측정하였다. 성견초기의 일당 증체량은 조단백질 함량 17, 19 및 21%구에서 각각 -38.33, -16.25 및 -12.71g으로 나타났으며 17% 조단백질 사료급여구가 19 및 21% 급여구에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 축적된 질소량은 각각 -0.29, -0.04 및 -0.03g/kg$BW^{.75}$/d로 계산되었으며 조단백질 17% 급여구가 19 및 21% 급여구에 비하여 유의하게(p<0.05) 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 질소섭취량(x)과 질소축적량(y)간에 y = 0.7484x-1.18 ($R^2$ = 0.9923)의 회귀식이 도출되었으며, 이 식으로부터 성견초기의 유지 조단백질 요구량은 9.85g/kg$BW^{.75}$/d로 추정되었다. 진도견 성견후기의 일당 증체량은 실험구 별로 각각 -34.05, -28.71 및 -28.28g으로 17% 단백질 사료급여구가 다른 구에 비하여 낮게 나타났으나 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 축적된 질소량은 각각 -0.33, -0.06 및 -0.09g/kg$BW^{.75}$/d로 계산되었으며 17% 조단백질 급여구가 19 및 21% 급여구에 비하여 유의하게(p<0.05) 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 질소섭취량(x)과 질소축적량(y)간에 y = 0.8823x-1.0894 ($R^2$ = 0.9982)의 회귀식이 도출되었으며 이식을 이용하여 계산한 결과 성견후기의 유지 조단백질 요구량은 7.72g/kg$BW^{.75}$/d로 추정되었다. 본 연구는 우리나라에서 진도견을 대상으로 한 영양소 요구량을 설정하기 위한 최초의 연구로 생각되며 연구의 결과는 진도견의 단백질 요구량을 설정하는데 기초 자료가 될 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 진도견의 단백질 요구량을 최종적으로 설정하기 위해서는 전 생애에 걸쳐서 성별 및 사육환경에 따른 영양소 요구량에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.995-998
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• 2023

This study aimed to determine the effect of feeding Hermetia illucens (H.illucens) pellets with canine diets on fecal properties and digestibility. The canine breeds used in this experiment were nine dogs without discriminating between genders: 3 Maltese (average weight 2.0 kg), 3 Chihuahua (average weight 1.0 kg), and 3 Poodles (average weight 2.5 kg). As canine diets, 70 g of regular diets were mixed with 30 g of H.illucens pellets, and 100 g was weighed on a scale. Dog were fed the experimental diets once a day. No significant changes were observed in the fecal properties in the three types of canines fed a mixture of pellets and canine diets at Days 0 and 7 (p>0.05). At Day 0, the fecal properties of all canines appeared in a less solid state, with scores ranging from 2.00 to 2.22; however, at Day 7, the fecal properties improved to normal (3.00 to 3.33). In addition, the results for nutrient digestibility showed that dry matter and crude fat digestibility were significant (p<0.05); however, crude protein and crude ash digestibility were not affected (p>0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that feeding a mixture of H.illucens pellets and canine diets to companion canines has beneficial effects on fecal properties and digestibility without adverse effect.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2011

본 연구는 반려견 사료 내 주요 탄수화물원인 밀가루(원물기준 약 51%)를 현미로 15%, 30% 대체 급여하였을 때, 사료의 소화율 및 배설 분의 특성 변화를 조사하기 위하여 슈나우져(Miniature Schnauzer) 강아지(8~9개월령, 시험개시 평균체중 $5.0{\pm}0.3$ kg) 6마리를 이용 반복 $3{\times}3$ 라틴방각법에 따라 실험을 수행하였다. 현미 대체에 의해 조단백질을 제외한 건물, 유기물, 산분해 지방, 에너지 소화율이 linear (P<0.01)하게 증가하였다. 사료의 가소화에너지 및 대사에너지 농도(kcal/kg DM)도 현미 대체 비율이 증가하면서 linear 하게 증가(각각 P=0.001, P=0.006)하였다. 생분 배설량과 건조 분량도 모두 linear (P<0.001, P=0.004)하게 감소하였고, 특히 현미 30% 처리구는 대조구보다 생분 배설량이 약 21% 감소하였다. 분 score 또한 linear (P<0.05) 또는 quadratic (P<0.01) 개선 효과가 있었지만, 분 암모니아 농도는 현미구에서 높은 경향(P=0.07)을 보였다. 분 암모니아 증가는 linear하게 감소(P=0.001)한 short-chain fatty acid 농도와도 관계가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 실험의 결과, 현미 급여가 반려견의 영양소 소화율과 배설 분의 특성을 개선해 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.633-638
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• 2007

본 연구는 진도자견에 대한 단백질의 급여 수준이 질소평형에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 단백질 급여 표준 설정을 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 실시하였다.생후 평균 18~20주령의 진도견 암컷 12두를 대상으로 단백질 수준을 21, 23 및 25%로 설정한 실험사료를 급여하여 체중, 사료섭취량 및 분뇨 배설량을 측정하였다. 일당 증체량은 조단백질 함량 21, 23 및 25%구에서 각각 65.42, 79.58 및 99.17g으로 나타났으며 조단백질 25%구가 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 축적된 질소량은 각각 0.74, 0.96 및 1.31g/kgBW.75/ d로 계산되었으며, 25% 조단백질 급여구가 21 및 23% 급여구에 비하여 유의하게(p<0.05) 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 질소섭취량(x, g/d)과 질소축적량(y, g/d)간에 y = -2.519x2 +12.79x-14.79의 회귀식이 도출되었고 매우 높은 상관관계가 인정되었다(R2=0.782, p<0.05). 이 식을 이용하여 계산한 결과 자견의 유지 조단백질 요구량은 11.25g/kg BW0.75/d로 추정되었다.본 연구의 결과는 진도자견의 단백질 요구량을 설정하는데 좋은 기초 자료가 될 것으로 생각되나, 진도견의 단백질 요구량을 최종적으로 설정하기 위해서는 전 생애에 걸쳐서 성별 및 사육환경에 따른 영양소 요구량에 대한 추가적인 연구가 요구된다고 사료된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.262-266
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• 2011

체중 2.2 kg 4년령 수컷 Maltese 개가 호흡곤란과 고체온증 평가를 위해 건국대학교 부속 동물병원에 내원하였다. 신체 검사에서 호흡곤란을 확인 하였으며, 오른쪽 흉강 청진상에서 희미한 심음을 확인하였다. 방사선 검사와 CT검사에서 오른쪽 중간엽의 경화와 흉수 및 복수를 확인하였다. 탐색적 개흉술을 통해 $360^{\circ}C$ 염전 된 오른쪽 중간엽을 확인하였으며 TA 장치를 이용 염전된 폐엽을 절제하였다. 복수 원인을 확인하기 위해 탐색적 개복술을 통한 소장생검을 실시하였으며, 조직 검사를 통해 림프관 확장증을 확인 하였다. 림프관 확장증 치료를 위해 prednisone과 저지방 사료를 사용하였으며, 임상증상의 개선을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2020

Microorganism residing in the gut has been known to have important roles in the animal body. Microbes and host microenvironment are highly related with host's health including energy metabolism and immune system. Moreover, it reported that gut microbiome is correlated with diseases like obesity in human and dogs. There have been many studies to identify and characterize microbes and their genes in human body. However, there was little information of microbiome in companion animals. Here, we investigated microbiota communities in feaces from twenty - four Beagles (aged 2 years old) and analyzed the taxonomy profile using metagenomics to study the difference among gut microbiome based on body condition score (BCS). gDNA was isolated from feaces, sequenced and clustered. Taxonomy profiling was performed based on the NCBI database. BCS was evaluated once a week according to the description provided by World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Firmicutes phylum was the most abundant followed by Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. That main microbiota in gut were differently distributed based on the BCS. Fusobacteria has been known to be associated with colon cancer in human. Interestingly, Fusobacteria was in the third level from the top in healthy dog's gut microbiome. In addition, Fusobacteria was especially higher in overweight dogs which had 6 scales of BCS. Species Fusobacterium perfoetens was also more abundant when dogs were in BCS 6. It implied that F. perfoetens would be positively related with overweight in dogs. These finding would contribute to further studies of gut microbiome and their functions to improve dog's diets and health condition.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.374-386
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• 2024

To predict the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) in dogs we developed an in vitro system using an in vitro digestion method and a statistical analysis. The experimental diets used chicken meat powder as the protein source, with CP levels of 20% (22.01%, analyzed CP value as dry-based), 30% (31.35%, analyzed CP value as dry-based), and 40% (41.34%, analyzed CP value as dry-based). To simulate in vivo digestive processes a static in vitro digestion was performed in two steps; stomach and small intestine. To analyze ATTD the total fecal samples were collected in eight neutered beagle dogs during the experimental period. CP digestibility was calculated by measuring CP levels in dog food, in vitro undigested fraction, and dog feces. In result, CP digestibility at both in vivo and in vitro was increased with increasing dietary CP levels. To estimate in vivo digestibility the co-relation of in vivo ATTD and in vitro digestibility was investigated statistically and a regression equation was developed to predict the CP ATTD (% = 2.5405 × in vitro CP digestibility (%) + + 151.8). The regression equation was evaluated its feasibility by using a commercial diet. The predicted CP digestibility which was calculated by the regression equation showed high index of similarity (100.16%) with that of in vivo in dogs. With that, it would be a feasible non-animal method to predict in vivo CP digestibility by using in vitro digestion method and the proposed linear regression equation in adult dogs.