• 농업과학연구
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

메주를 만들 때 저온숙성의 경우 상온숙성보다 발효 특성과 관련이 있는 pH, 아미노산성 질소 등의 양이 낮았으며 동일한 아미노태 질소 함량에 도달하기까지 숙성기간이 약 2~3배정도 필요한 것으로 나타났고, 된장의 색상이 약 2배정도 밝은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 숙성초기 낮은 온도로 인해 산성생균의 활동성이 낮아지고 이로 인한 유기산 생성량이 낮아져 상온숙성 된장에 비해 pH가 높고, acidity I이 낮으며, 저온숙성된장은 가수분해 효소에 의한 분해속도의 저하로 낮은 아미노산성 질소 함량을 보였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1997

An ethanolic fermentation process was developed for preparing Doenjang with high ethanol. Higher and efficient viable cell production of salt-tolerant ethanolic yeast is a prerequisite for the successful commercial-scale process of ethanol production during Doenjang fermentation. Culture conditions of salt-tolerant yeast, S. cerevisiae KFCC 10823, was studied in terms of the effect of several environmental and nutritional factors. Viable cell numbers were the highest in a medium containing the following components per liter of water: soysauce, 300ml; dextrose, 50 g; beef extract, 5 g; yeast extract, 5 g; $KH_2PO_4$, 5 g; NaCl, 50 g. The optimal culture conditions of S. cerevisiae KFCC 10823 were pH 5.5, $25^{\circ}C$, 200 rpm and 0.5 vvm. Yeast viability during batch fermentation was gradually decreased to a level less than $90{\%}$ after 35 hours. The maximum cell number was $2.2{\times}10_7$ cells/ml at the optimal condition. Doenjang prepared with ethanolic yeast was ripened after 45 days at $30^{\circ}C$. This Doenjang contains 470 mg% of amino nitrogen and 2.5% ethanol. The shelf-life at $30^{\circ}C$ was theoretically estimated as 444 days.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2009

The changes in components and biological activities of doenjang samples prepared with black soybeans and fermented with Bacillus subtilis SCB were investigated. The amino nitrogen (A-N) contents of samples increased with increasing black soybean content. A doenjang product made using a 1:1 ratio of soybeans-black soybeans showed a maximum level of genistein and daidzein isoflavones ($1111.6{\mu}g/g$) at 110 days of fermentation, along with decreasing contents of genistin and daidzin due to the conversion to aglycones. The black soybean-only doenjang sample showed higher protease activity, including caseinolytic and fibrinolytic enzyme activities, than the other samples, and had relatively higher polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Therefore, doenjang made with additions of black soybeans and fermented by B. subtilis SCB may have improved physiological properties, suggesting this to be a valuable method of preparation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.383-389
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• 1997

Doenjang(fermented soybean paste) was prepared by the series of processes including soaking, cooking, first fermentation(3 days at 30$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$) for the preparation of meju(soybean koji) after inoclulation of Aspergillus oryzae, and further fermentation (60 days at 30$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$) for the ripening after addition of salt 13% to meju. the crude phenolics extracted from defatted soybean and doenjang were fractionated onto the neutral phenolics(isofavonoids) and acidic phenolics(phenolic acids), respectively. Composition and antioxidative characteristics of phenolic fractions were determined. The neutral phenolic fractions contained genistin, genistein and daidzein; on the other hand, acidic phenolic fractions had syringic acid and seven other components. The content of genistin in doenjang dramatically decreased at the early stage of fermentation, whereas the content of genistein rather increased. In addition, the content of syringic acid of acidic phenolic fractions were increased during fermentation. These changes in individual phenolic components affected the antioxidative activity of neutral phenolics or acidic phenolics. antioxidative activity of phenolic compounds were evaluated during soybean fermentation. The antioxidative and free radical scavenging activity of neutral phenolic fractions and acidic phenolic fractions on linoleic acid autoxidation were also investigated.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.713-716
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• 2002

발효기간동안 된장에서 검출된 biogenic amine은 putrescine cadaverine, tryptamine $\beta$-phenylethylamine, spermidine, spermine, histamine, tyramine 및 agmatine 등으로 총 9가지 종류이며 , 검출된 biogenic amine 중 agmatine의 함량이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 된장의 발효기간에 따른 biogenic amine함량은 종류에 따라 증가 혹은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 감마선 조사에 의해 발효기간 중 대부분의 biogenic amine함량이 20~60% 가량 유의적(p<0.05)으로 감소하였는데, 이 중 spermine 및 agmatine은 대조구와 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않아 감마선 조사에 의한 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 감마선 조사기술은 된장숙성 중의 biogenic amine 생성을 억제시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2012

We investigated the anti-diabetic activity and enzymatic activity of 24 commercial doenjang samples certified for traditional foods. Twenty four doenjang samples showed the wide ranges in enzymatic activities (protease activities 0-50.45 unit/g, ${\alpha}$-amylase activities 0-675.9 unit/g, ${\beta}$-amylase 13.6-308.6 unit/g), and there were no difference in enzymatic activity by the producing region. To evaluate the potential anti-diabetic activity of 24 doenjang samples, we examined the effect of doenjang methanol extract (DME) on 2-[n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl) amyno]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-NBDG) uptake. Ten samples among 24 samples significantly stimulated the uptake of 2-NBDG. When the cells were treated with DME at 400 ug/mL, No. 17 and 23 specially stimulated 2-NBDG uptake by 1.23-fold and 1.25-fold, respectively, compared with untreated control cell. And there were no cytotoxicity in the C2C12 cells treated with DME at concentration of 500 ug/mL. Among 24 samples, No. 6, 7, 12, 21 and 24 showed the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor activity at concentration of 10 mg/mL; however, they were less effective than acarbose which is a commercial ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.376-382
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• 1997

Antioxidative characteristics of doenjang(fermented soybeans paste) phenolics on the lipid oxidation systems were studied by the determination of the oxidative related activity including lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition, metal chelating and free radical scavengning of doenjang phenolics. Manlikong variety containing the highest amounts of phenolic compounds among the soybean variety, was used for doenjang processing. Doenjang was prepared by the series of processes including soaking for overnight, cooking for 1hr at 12Lb, first fermentation (3 days at 30$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$) for the preparation of meju(soybean koji) after inoculation of Asp. oryzae, and further fermentation(60 days at 30$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$) for the ripening after addition of salt 13% to meju. In order to investigate the antioxidative activity of phenolics in doenjang, the doenjang phenolics was extracted with methanol form freeze dried defatted doenjang. Antioxidative effects of methanol extract on linoleic acid oxidation system were observed by the significantly decreased levels of peroxide and conjugated diene formation. In addition, methanol extract resulted in the inhibition of LOX activity. and also, metal(FeCl$_3$) chelation and free radical scavengning activities were increased with increasing concentration of methanol extract.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.230-234
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• 2001

재래법으로 제조한 된장을 담금용기를 달리하여 각각 담가 숙성시키면서 숙성기간 중 담금용기에 따른 된장의 품질변화를 조사하였다. 사용된 담금용기는 오지항아리, 오지항아리와 유리덮개 그리고 플라스틱통이었다. 된장의 수분 함량은 숙성 중 감소하였는데 오지항아리와 유리덮개를 사용한 구의 수분 함량이 가장 크게 감소하였다. 수용성 질소 함량은 숙성 8개월에 $4.56{\sim}5.80%$로 가장 높았고 오지항아리와 유리덮개에 담근 된장이 최대 함량을 보였다. 아미노산성 질소 함량은 숙성 12개월까지 계속 증가하였고 숙성 12개월의 아미노산성 질소 함량은 오지 항아리에 담근 된장이 $1.25{\sim}1.27%$로 플라스틱 통에 담근 된장 보다 높았다. 플라스틱통에 숙성시킨 된장의 품질을 관능적으로 평가한 결과 숙성 4개월부터, 다른 용기를 사용하여 담근 된장에 비하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine how seeding time changes the properties of soybean products meju and doenjang. Soybeans were seeded on the last day of May (5L), on the mid day of June (6M), and on the last day of June (6L), respectively. The 5L soybeans experienced a distinguishing hot and humid climate at the ripening stage, and these climate conditions resulted in smaller seed sizes. Fermentation briskly progressed in all doenjang until 120 days, and the 5L doenjang exhibited the lowest fermentation efficiency. The 5L soybeans showed the highest GABA, polyphenol contents, and ACE inhibitory activity, and the 6M soybeans showed the highest radical scavenging activity among the groups tested. In doenjang, the functional properties generally increased as the aging time approached the $120^{th}$ day, and the 6M doenjang showed the highest functional properties at the $120^{th}$ day. Therefore, 6M soybeans had the most appropriate characteristics when producing doenjang.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2016

본 연구는 된장 제조 시 자연 발효시킨 대조구와 B. subtilis KACC15935, B. subtilis HJ18-9 균주를 starter로 접종하여 발효시킨 콩알된장의 품질특성을 측정하였다. 된장의 단백질을 분해하여 특유의 구수한 맛 성분을 유리하는 protease 활성의 경우, 대조구와 HJ18-9를 접종한 시료에서 높게 나타났으며, 이는 아미노태 질소 함량에서도 같은 경향을 나타냈다. 식물세포벽 구성성분 중 대부분 차지하고 있는 cellulose을 분해할 수 있는 능력을 가지고 있어 장내 이용성 증진을 위해 널리 사용되는 효소인 cellulase의 활성은 모든 시료에서 발효기간에 따라 증가되는 경향을 보였으며, 60일 발효 후에는 HJ18-9 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 1.38배, KACC15935에 비해서 1.99배 더 높게 나타났다. 환원당을 유리하는데 관여하는 ${\alpha}-amylase$ 효소활성의 경우 대조구와 HJ18-9를 접종한 시료에서 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 본 연구를 통해 선별한 균주를 starter로 접종하여 된장 제조에 알맞은 균주를 개발, 평가하여 가공품으로 개발할 수 있는 기초연구가 되고자 하였다.