• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.573-584
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• 2002

젖소의 에너지 및 단백질 영양상태를 평가할 수 있는 MP와 MUN을 측정하여 농장의 사료급여 실태를 평가하기 위해서 1999년 1월부터 2001년 12월까지 전국 4,856개 목장, 132,636두를 대상으로 유성분을 측정하였다. 조사된 개체유의 평균 MP와 MUN 수준은 각각 3.30${\pm}$0.35%와 16.0${\pm}$5.2mg/dl였으며, MP에 있어서는 3.10${\sim}$3.20%를 중심으로, MUN은 15.0mg/dl을 중심으로 하는 정규곡선을 나타내었다. 계절별 MP와 MUN의 수준은 외기 온도가 높은 하절기에는 MP의 함량이 3.2% 이하로 감소한 반면, MUN 수준은 16.5mg/dl 이상으로 가장 높았고, 반대로 동절기에는 MP가 3.35% 이상으로 가장 높았으며, MUN 수준은 15.0mg/ dl 이하로 가장 낮았다. MP 함량과 MUN 농도와의 관계에서는 MP가 정상 기준보다 낮은 2.90% 미만에서는 MUN 농도가 전체 평균보다도 높았고(17.3${\pm}$5.2mg/dl), MP가 정상 기준보다도 높은 3.70% 이상에서는 전체 평균과 비슷한 수준을 나타내었다. 개체유 및 집합유를 대상으로 MP 및 MUN 측정에 의한 사료내 에너지와 단백질 균형상태를 예측하였다. 그 결과 전반적으로 단백질은 부족보다는 과다가, 그리고 에너지는 과다보다는 부족이 많은 것으로 조사되었으며, 그 중에서도 비유초기에는 에너지 부족이, 비유말기에는 단백질 과다가 상대적으로 많은 것으로 조사되어 국내의 경우 무엇보다도 에너지 및 단백질의 균형적인 사료공급의 필요성이 제시되었다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.93-109
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• 1999

To investigate effects of Achyranthis Radix herbal-acupuncture on adjuvant arthritis in rats, the edema rate, the number of WBC, the quantity of total protein, albumin and globuline in the blood serum and histological test of the muscular tissue were measured in the arthritis part. 1. After elicitating arthritis of Sprague dawley(SD) rats by injection of Freund's complete adjuvant for 2 weeks, normal saline was injected for the Exp. I group and Achyranthis Radix herbal-acupuncture was injected for the Exp. II group during 30days. Selected point was $D\acute{u}b\acute{i}(ST_{35})$ in both the groups. And then the volume of the paw were checked. The volume of the paw was $0.84{\pm}0.14mm$ in the Exp. I group and $0.47{\pm}0.11mm$ in the Exp.II group, the swelling of the paw was restricted significantly in the Exp. II group(p<0.05). 2. The number of WBC was $10.34{\pm}0.14(10^3/ml)$ in the normal group and $37.47{\pm}5.46(10^3/ml)$ in the Exp. I group. It was $21.24{\pm}2.58(10^3/ml)$ in the Exp. II group. This fact showed that the group Exp. II with Achyranthis Radix herbal-acupuncture was more effective than the Exp. II group in the treatment of arthritis(p<0.05). 3. The content of the total protein in the blood serum was $6.14{\pm}0.43g/dl$ in the normal group, $7.95{\pm}0.94g/dl$ in the Exp. I group, and $6.41{\pm}0.68g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. There was no significance in total protein between the Exp. II group and the Exp. I group from the statistical analysis. 4. The content of albumin in the blood serum was $2.94{\pm}0.13g/dl$ in the normal group, $2.01{\pm}0.48g/dl$ in Chang Tong-young the Exp. I group and $3.15{\pm}0.27g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. This fact showed that the Exp. II group had significant increase in the serum albumin from the statistical analysis compared with the Exp. I group. 5. The content of the globulin in the blood serum was $3.19{\pm}0.48g/dl$ in the normal group, $4.70{\pm}1.26g/dl$ in the Exp. I group and $3.26{\pm}0.57g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. There was no significance in the serum globulin between the Exp. II group and Exp. I group from the statistical analysis. 6. In histological finding, because of severe inflammatory reaction, remarkably irregular tissue and large amount of inflammatory cells were found in the Exp. I group. But the Exp. II group showed small amount of inflammatory cells, the refrained inflammatory state and even recovering state.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2000

Objectives : To investigate effects of Achyranthis Radix aqua-acupuncture on adjuvant arthritis in rats. Methods : After eliciting arthritis in Sprague dawley(SD) rats by injection of Freund's complete adjuvant for 2 weeks, normal saline was injected for the Exp. I group and Achyranthis Radix aqua-acupuncture was injected for the Exp. II group during 30days. The selected point was Dokbi (ST35) in both groups. Then the edema rate, the number of WBC, the quantity of total protein, albumin and globuline in the blood serum, and histological test of the muscular tissue were measured in the arthritis stricken areas. Results : I) The volume of the paws were checked. The volume of the paws was $0.84{\pm}0.l4mm$ in the Exp. I group and $0.47{\pm}0.14mm$ in the Exp. IIgroup. The swelling of the paws was restricted significantly in the Exp. II group(P<0.05). 2) The number of WBC was $10.34{\pm}0.14(l03/ml)$ in the normal group and $37.47{\pm}5.46(103/ml)$ in the Exp. I group. It was $21.24{\pm}2.58(103/ml)$ in the Exp. II group. This fact showed that treatment with Achyranthis Radix aqua-acupuncture adminstered to the Exp. II group was more effective than the Exp. I group in the treatment of arthritis(P<0.05). 3) The content of the total protein in the blood serum was $6.14{\pm}43g/dl$ in the normal group, $7.95{\pm}0.94g/dl$ in the Exp. I group, and $6.41{\pm}0.68g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. There was no significance in total protein between the Exp. II group and the Exp. I group from the statistical analysis. 4) The content of albumin in the blood serum was $2.94{\pm}0.l3g/dl$ in the normal group, $2.01{\pm}0.48g/dl$ in the Exp. I group and $3.15{\pm}0.27g/dl$ in the Exp. II group, which revealed a significant increase in the serum albumin from the statistical analysis of the Exp. II group compared with the Exp. I group. 5) The content of the globulin in the blood serum was $3.19{\pm}$0.48g/dl in the normal group, $4.70{\pm}1.26g/dl$ in the Exp. I group and $3.26{\pm}0.57g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. There was no significance in the serum globulin between the Exp. II group and Exp. I group from the statistical analysis. 6) In histological findings, because of severe inflammatory reaction, remarkably irregular tissue and large amount of inflammatory cells were found in the Exp. I group. But the Exp. II group showed a small amount of inflammatory cells, the refrained inflammatory state and even recovering state. Conclusions : These results show that Achyranthis Radix aqua-acupuncture reduces the inflammatory reaction and muscular tissue necrosis in SD rat's paws induced by Freund's complete adjuvant.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.320-325
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• 2000

The diet had an effect(P<0.05) on the nutritional contents of ostrich meat during 4 month of frozen storage. As frozen storage increased up to 4 months, pJ, water holding capacity(WHC) and myofibrillar protein solu-bility($\mu$g/$\mu$l) were reduced (P<0.05), how-ever, increased drip loss(DL, %) was found in ostrich muscle from forage fed ostriches, This study suggests that forage fed ostriches, This study suggests that frozedn storage(-2$0^{\circ}C$)up to 4 months in ostrich FCL muscle (outside strip)could be reduced protein functionality, due to increase in DL. decrease in WHC, and markedly decrease in myofibrillar protein solubility($\mu$g/$\mu$l).

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 1995

Effects of dietary protein sources and their amino acid compositions on the liver and plasma cholesterol levels in growing Single Comb white Leghorn male chicks were studied. A diet containing isolated soy protein (21% cp) was supplemented with 0.5% DL-methionine and 0.3% L-glycine. and another diet containing casein(21% cp) was supplemented with 1.5% L-arginine HCl, 0.4% DL-methionine. and 1.0% L-glycine. Plasma cholesterol level was markedly lower in groups force-fed the diets containing either soy protein or casein supplemented with amino acids compared to those found in birds fed corresponding diets without amino acids supplementation. The cholesterol lowering effect of the casein diet. when balanced with various supplemental amino acids appeared to be due to arginine instead of methionine or glycine. It is likely that amino acid balance rather than the composition of a specific amino acid is one of the major factors determining the effect of dietary protein sources on the blood cholesterol levels in chicks.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.88-97
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• 1993

Anterior abdominal scintigraphy after intravenous injection of $^{99m}Tc$-human serum albumin ($^{99m}Tc$-HSA 20 mCi) was done in 16 patients with connective tissue diseases and 15 healthy control patients. Patients with proteinuria or hepatopathy were excluded. 1) 7 (44%) patients among 16 connective tissue disease patients without the apparent evidence of external protein loss showed abnormal intestinal accumulation of albumin. 6 patients with positive albumin scintigraphy showed bypoalbuminemia. 2) There was no false positive scintigraphic finding in control group. 3) The serum albumin level in connective tissue disease patients ($3.1{\pm}0.6 g/dl$, n=16) was lower than control patients ($3.9{\pm}0.3 g/dl$, n=15) (p<0.0001). 4) The serum albumin level was lower in connective tissue disease patients with positive $^{99m}Tc$-HSA scan ($2.8{\pm}0.6 g/dl$, n=7) than the connective tissue disease patients with negative scan ($3.3{\pm}0.3 g/dl$, n=9) (p<0.05). 5) The hemoglobin level in connective tissue disease patients with positive nan ($10.6{\pm}2.91 g/dl$) was lower than that of the control group ($13.6{\pm}1.5 g/dl$) (p<0.05). Mypoalbuminemia is frequently involved in chronic connective tissue diseases. Protein losing enteropathy (PLE) is also responsible for the majority of the bypoalbuminemia in these patients. But it has been ignored because the conventional method for the diagnosis of PLE was difficult to perform. $^{99m}Tc$-HSA scan also must be validated by more extended study and comparison with the quantitative study such as stool ${\alpha}-1$ antitrypsin measurement. There must be a reevaluation of PLE in various diseases especially in connective tissue diseases with easy, fast, economical, and non-invasive method.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.584-594
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• 2003

The lactose, total nitrogen and total lipid contents of human breast milk were determined longitudinally after protein and term deliveries. Milk samples were obtained from day 2 to 5, on weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6 after preform (PM : n = 24) and term (TM : n = 22) deliveries. The lactose contents of PM and TM increased from 5.28 g/dl and 5.93 g/dl at days 2 to 5, to 7.95 g/dl,7.87 g/dl at 6 weeks, respectively. The total nitrogen contents of PM and TM decreased significantly during the first 6 weeks after birth (from 374 to 220 mg/dl versus 382 to 220 mg/dl respectively). However the total lipid contents of the PM and TM increased during the same periods. Significant differences in the total lipid contents between the PM and TM were 2.15 versus 3.27 g/dl at 2 weeks, and 3.26 versus 2.52 g/dl at 6 weeks, respectively. The energy intakes of preform infants was 134.8 ㎉/kg/d during the 6 weeks of lactation, which satisfied with energy requirements (85-130 ㎉/kg/d) of the preform infants. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(4) : 584-594, 2003)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2012

We have investigated the effect of melatonin (MLT) on specific growth rate (SGR% $day^{-1}$), condition factor (k), gonado-somatic-index (GSI), histological structures of gonads, serum as well as gonadal protein and lipid in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. MLT treatment in the dose of 25 ${\mu}g/L$ for three weeks reduced SGR% $day^{-1}$ ($0.9{\pm}0.04$) as compared to control ($1.23{\pm}0.026$). The GSI value was significantly (p<0.05) reduced to $1.77{\pm}0.253$ from control where it was $2.56{\pm}0.25$. Serum protein level increased from $9.33{\pm}2.90$ mg/ml (control) to $11.67{\pm}1.45$ mg/ml after MLT treatment while there was depressed serum triglycerides ($86.16{\pm}1.078$ mg/dl) and cholesterol ($126.66{\pm}0.88$ mg/dl) as compared to control values where these were $123.0{\pm}1.23$ mg/dl and $132.0{\pm}1.65$ mg/dl respectively. Histological structure of ovary showed small eggs of early perinucleolus stage after MLT treatment while testicular structure of control and MLT treated fish was more or less similar. It is concluded that exogenous melatonin suppressed SGR% $day^{-1}$, GSI, ovarian cellular activity, protein and lipid biosynthesis, in tilapia suggesting that melatonin is useful in manipulating the gonadal maturity in fishes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.908-915
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• 1996

Protein concentration in human from 39 well-norished American women and its adequacy for growth of exclusively breastfed infants(BF) and breastfed infants fed supplementary foods(BFS)from 1-6 months postpartum were studied. Mean protein concentration of breast milk measured by Lowry et al., using human serum albumin as a standard, over the first 6 months lactation was 1.31$\pm$0.13g/dl. Concentration of protein was singnificantly higher at the first month of lactation (1.55$\pm$0.23g/dl)(P<0.05) than any other month studied. Mean volume of breast milk ranged from 662-848ml/day in the BE group and from 415-661ml/day in the BFS group during the first 6 months of lactation. Mean protein intake of infants ranged from 1.3-2.2g/kg in the BF group and from 1.4-2.1g/kg in the BFS group. Mean protein intake (g/kg body weight) of both BF and BFS groups was less than Recmmended Dietary Allowance(1989, USA) of 2.2g/kg except at 1 month of age. However, mean growth of the infants was normal according to NCHS reference, suggesting that the RDA for protein was unrealistically high for infants during 2-6 months of age. Protein provided by breast milk alone appeared adequate for normal growth during this time.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.643-650
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• 2009

Two metabolism trials were conducted with 24 wether lambs to investigate the effects of feeding crab meal and other protein supplements on N utilization, digestibility and Ca and P balance in sheep. The lambs (avg. BW, 25 kg) were randomly allotted to eight diets in each of two trials. The supplements were: i) none, negative control (NC); ii) soybean meal (SBM), control; iii) supplement based on industrial byproducts of both plant and animal origin (IPA); iv) experimental supplement based on byproducts of animal origin (ESA); v) hydrolyzed supplement No 4. (HESA); vi) commercial supplement based on animal protein (CS), $Pro-Lak^{(R)}$ vii) crab meal (CM); and viii) urea (U). The supplements supplied 33% of the total dietary N (CP, 9.8%; DM basis). Lambs fed the NC diet had lower (p<0.05) DM and OM digestibility. Lower (p<0.05) apparent absorption of N was recorded for the lambs fed the HESA and NC diets. Sheep fed CM had lower Ca absorption compared to SBM. Highest (p<0.05) P absorption was observed for lambs fed CS and CM and lowest for U and NC diets. Sheep fed CM had higher (p<0.05) total VFA concentration (65.7 ${\mu}mol/ml$), compared to those fed ESA, CS, and NC diets (47.3, 49.8, and 49.5 ${\mu}mol/ml$, respectively). Highest (p<0.05) ruminal $NH_3$ N (29.6 mg/dl) was observed in lambs fed the U diet, while those fed the NC diet had the lowest (p<0.05) average value (7.66 mg/dl). Lambs fed the U diet had the highest (p<0.05) blood urea N (10.67 mg/dl). The present study showed that N utilization of diets supplemented with experimental supplements based on feather meal and blood meal; commercial supplement based on animal protein, $Prolak^{(R)}$ supplement based on plant protein and blood meal; and crab meal are comparable with that of soybean meal.