• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.216-223
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• 2018

Background: Many studies have reported negative psychological or physical effects of emotional labor. Relationship between work-related musculoskeletal disorder and psychosocial factors has been reported. To manage organizational and psychosocial factors of musculoskeletal disorder with work place intervention among emotional laborers, the factors contributing to musculoskeletal pain must be identified and clarified. Methods: Data from the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey was analyzed. Based on the questionnaire, we selected emotional laborers and included 3,979 participants, excluding participants whose variables were of interest to the researcher. Weight variable was applied. The association with musculoskeletal pain and psychosocial factors, such as workload, monotonous work, job control, social support, and job satisfaction, was investigated. Results: Univariate analysis demonstrated that there was a statistically significant relationship between social support, job satisfaction, and musculoskeletal pain. In multivariate analysis, job satisfaction showed a strong correlation with musculoskeletal pain at all sites. Social support was significantly associated with backache. Monotonous work seemed to reduce the pain in the neck and/or upper limbs. Job control and work intensity were not significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion: In this study, job satisfaction was significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain, and social support among the social psychological stressors could reduce musculoskeletal pain. However, unlike previously known, the presence of monotonous work resulted in reduced musculoskeletal pain. The results of this study will help to establish the direction of improvement of atmosphere in the workplace to prevent the musculoskeletal pain of emotional laborers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the perspectives of gender and role in the family for nurses' work-family balance. Method: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 14 married nurses having children, who were selected through convenience sampling and purposive sampling from November 1, 2011 to January 20, 2012. The data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. Results: The common themes resulted from data analysis included following traditional gender roles, giving up any expectation of spouse's role, coordinating the division of family roles, and refusing to stick to gender roles. The age of nurse, family background of husband, and social-economic contexts were essential to explain the couple dynamics. Conclusions: Nurses who received private family support were stably leading a work-family balance, yet unable to change the gender structure of spouse for the work-family balance. On the other hand, young nurses who were unable to get any support, had a tendency of cooperating with their spouses and adopting more negotiable and pragmatic approach to work-family balance.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 1993

The reformed family law was enforced from Jan.1,1991 and the claim to division of matrimonial property in case of divorce, a newly enacted right in the law, is expected to increase the economic position of married women. By this system, married woman can claim her share in the matrimonial property in case of divorce if she verifies her contribution to it. But actually, household work of housewives has not been evaluated properly as compared with their husbands' work in deciding of property division rate, because there is no economic base about the value of household work. So, this study verified wives' role of contribution to matrimonial property and compared their work hours with their husbands. As the result, following suggestions can be presented. 1. The contribution rates of husband and wife to the matrimonial property have to be acknowledged equally and, in case of employed wife, her rate has to be evaluated higher than her husband. 2. Because the property division is not a solatium but a transfer of wife's share, responsibility which marriage has dissolved should not be taken more to women than men. 3. Decision of division rate has to be made regardless the amount fo property unless there are special reasons. 4. The donation tax and inheritance tax should not be imposed on matrimonoal property which was returned to wife from her husband.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2021

The pinning method is the traditional method to produce strawberry transplants. But, cultivating the pinning transplant is a labor-intensive operation and needs a long labor period. The cutting method has been considered as an effective alternative to the pinning method, due to the relatively short labor period and works time. This study was conducted to investigate the labor period, work time, and growth between pinning and cutting methods for strawberry transplants. The 'Maehyang' strawberry was cultivated at each pinning and cutting strawberry greenhouses. The time for special works on pinning method (pinning work, elimination of mother plant, and division of daughter plant), and cutting method (cutting collection, pretreatment before storage, and cutting work) were measured. The pinning method needed 6 tasks (planting of mother plant, maintaining of mother plant, pinning work, maintaining of daughter plant, elimination of mother plant, and division of daughter plant) for 158 days, and cutting method needed 4 tasks (collection and storage of cutting, cutting work, misting, and maintaining of transplants) for 113 days to cultivate transplants for fruit. And pinning method needed more work time than the cutting method. There was no significant difference between the growth of pinning and cutting transplants. These results showed that the cutting method saved more labor period, work time than pinning during the nursery period without losing transplant quality.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2015

Background: Shift work has been associated with occupational stress in health providers and in those working in some industrial companies. The association is not well established in the law enforcement workforce. Our objective was to examine the association between shift work and police work-related stress. Methods: The number of stressful events that occurred in the previous month and year was obtained using the Spielberger Police Stress Survey among 365 police officers aged 27-66 years. Work hours were derived from daily payroll records. A dominant shift (day, afternoon, or night) was defined for each participant as the shift with the largest percentage of total time a participant worked (starting time from 4:00 AM to 11:59 AM, from 12 PM to 7:59 PM, and from 8:00 PM to 3:59 AM for day, afternoon, and night shift, respectively) in the previous month or year. Analysis of variance and covariance were used to examine the number of total and subscale (administrative/professional pressure, physical/psychological danger, or organizational support) stressful events across the shift. Results: During the previous month and year, officers working the afternoon and night shifts reported more stressful events than day shift officers for total stress, administrative/professional pressure, and physical/psychological danger (p < 0.05). These differences were independent of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and police rank. The frequency of these stressful events did not differ significantly between officers working the afternoon and night shifts. Conclusion: Non-day shift workers may be exposed to more stressful events in this cohort. Interventions to reduce or manage police stress that are tailored by shift may be considered.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.246.1-246.1
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• 2014

Over the past several years, colloidal core/shell type quantum dots lighting-emitting diodes (QDLEDs) have been extensively studied and developed for the future of optoelectronic applications. In the work, we fabricate an inverted CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD) based light-emitting diodes (QDLED). In order to reduce work function of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode for inverted structure, a very thin (<10 nm) polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) is used as surface modifier[1] instead of conventional metal oxide electron injection layer. The PEIE layer substantially reduces the work function of ITO electrodes which is estimated to be 3.08 eV by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). From transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study, CdSe/ZnS QDs are uniformly distributed and formed by a monolayer on PEIE layer. In this inverted QDLEDs, blend of poly (9,9-di-n-octyl-fluorene-alt-benzothiadiazolo) and poly(N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine] are used as hole transporting layer (HTL) to improve hole transporting property. At the operating voltage of 8 V, the QDLED device emitted spectrally orange color lights with high luminance up to 2450 cd/m2, and showed current efficacy of 0.6 cd/A, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 2024

We analyzed risk factors of coastal gillnet fishers during fishing process and considered work safety measures to reduce safety accidents during fishing using a UWB (ultra wideband) based positioning system. The static position accuracy of the UWB based positioning system was 45 cm. When entering a port, there is a risk of falling overboard. When casting a net, there was a risk of falling overboard due to being hit by fishing gear or guards, or getting caught in a buoy line or sinker line. When hauling a net, there is a risk of getting caught between fishing gear and net hauler, and the risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to repetitive work over a long period of time. Most safety accidents during work on fishing boats are blamed on human errors of the fisher and skipper, but safety accidents occur due to a mixture of mechanical and equipment factors, work and environmental factors, and management factors in addition to human errors. Therefore, the 4E were presented as countermeasures against the 4M, which are causes of safety accidents, and the proposed measures were used to identify risk factors for operation process, comply with work safety rules, and ensure the wearing of personal protective equipments. We need to reduce safety accidents during work by making it part of our daily routine. These research results can be used in the future for optimal placement of fishing gear and fishing nets in other coastal industries where safety accidents occur frequently.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.287-301
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• 2022

Objectives: This study compared the characteristics of the work environment between agricultural and general workers and analyzed the effects of agricultural working characteristics on work-related health problems. Methods: The participants of this study were 2,347 agricultural workers and 48,042 general workers who were selected by applying standardized weights to the raw data of 50,538 respondents from the 6th Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS). Variables applicable to both worker groups and related to exposure to hazardous risk factors in the working environment, working hours and intensity of work, health problems and work-related status, and satisfaction with the work environment were selected. Chi-square tests and independent sample t-tests were performed to evaluate the differences in the variables between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of work environment characteristics on work-related health problems. Results: Compared to general workers, agricultural workers were more exposed to hazardous environments, irregular work patterns such as working on Saturday/Sunday, and short repetitive tasks. They reported more work-related and general health problems, including back pain, upper extremity muscle pain, lower extremity muscle pain, and general fatigue. Agricultural workers showed lower satisfaction with their work environment than general workers. Factors affecting one or more work-related health problems included gender, working years, hazardous factors, irregular work pattern, working hours, and labor intensity. Conclusions: Our findings showed that agricultural workers were relatively more vulnerable to safety issues compared to other occupational groups. Therefore, it is necessary to establish standardized safety and health standards and strengthen systematic safety and health management policies and services for agriculture.

• Proceedings of the Culinary Society of Korean Academy Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.91-125
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is explored the determinant of job satisfaction focused on work convenience and self-efficacy, physical culinary environment. And we have studied the structural relations among physical culinary environment work convenience and self-efficacy to job satisfaction. We find that self-efficacy and work convenience has highly effected job satisfaction compared to physical culinary environment. We conclude that the study of hotel culinary employees has provided new and important insights into the way in which people in hotel culinary behave, and we offer advice for managers to enable them to develop and to maintain a positive job satisfaction of hotel culinary employees.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.307-313
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• 2022

Although telecommuting of SMEs has been activated due to the COVID-19 phenomenon, the security model for this is insufficient. Accordingly, the study was divided into threats centered on smartphones and threats centered on smartphone users. As a result of the study, one-third of SMEs are working from home. At this company with 100 employees, more than 50% of them work from home.and In the metal, machinery and chemical industries with factories, 20% of them work from home. As a result of analyzing the correlation between telecommuting according to the presence or absence of a factory, the correlation coefficient (r=-.385) has a clear linear relationship. And, as a result of the regression analysis, the R-squared value was 0.148, so companies with factories are highly related to telecommuting. In other words, we found that SMEs with factories do not want to work from home. In addition, as a result of analyzing the level of security threats, there were great concerns about theft, hacking, and phone taking during remote work. As limitations of the study, there were difficulties in selecting SMEs from the population in a non-face-to-face work environment, and there were limitations in the questionnaire items for deriving a non-face-to-face work environment.