• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Coral reefs are among the most dynamic and various ecosystems on tropical ecosystem. They provide a large number of important ecosystem services. Despite their importance, they appear to be one of the most susceptible marine ecosystems. Dramatic decreasing of coral reefs has been reported from every part of the world. Indonesia contains 18% of coral reefs of world's total. Unfortunately the status of coral reefs in Indonesia is already in critical and poor condition. Coral reefs communities in Indonesia are subjected to a variety of environmental disturbance. Threats to Indonesia's coral reefs resources can be divided into two main types: anthropogenic and natural disturbances. The major anthropogenic disturbances on coral reefs in Indonesia are destructive fishing, pollution, coastal development, mining and harvesting live fish and coral, tourism. The natural disturbances such as cyclones, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunami and predator also contribute to coral reefs destruction in Indonesia. In my paper I tried to compare between natural and anthropogenic disturbances on coral reefs in Indonesia and raised these questions: (i) how the natural disturbances differ from anthropogenic area (ii) which type of disturbances has caused the greatest impact on coral reef ecosystem. My finding is that both of anthropogenic and natural disturbances give major impact on coral reefs in Indonesia. The important issue here is coral reef resilience could be disturbed by synergistic effects between various anthropogenic and natural disturbances. This phenomenon has significant conservation and management implication. The appropriate management should be conducted to protect coral reefs ecosystem in Indonesia. Mangrove management will succeed only when local people are involved and get sustainable benefits from mangrove ecosystem. Community based management and Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) are type of management that can be applied on coral reef ecosystems in Indonesia.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2017

본 논문은 SAW태그를 이용하여 환자의 위치를 파악하고, 바이오 센서를 활용하여 재택환자의 상태를 집안의 사람들에게 쉽게 전달하며, 위급상황에 대처가능한 시스템의 개발에 관한 것이다. 일반적으로 집안에서 환자가 가장 많이 다치는 장소는 화장실이고, 개인의 프라이버시가 지켜져야 하는 점과 환자의 상태를 확인하고 위급시 대처해야 하는 부분이 첨예하게 대립하는 지점이므로, 개인의 프라이버시를 지키면서 재택환자의 상태를 모니터링가능한 방법을 고안하였고, 관련 시스템을 제안한다. 또한 SAW 태그를 이용하여 사용자의 위치도 확인가능한 위치 확인 시스템도 연동할 수 있도록 제안하였다. SAW태그는 송신기에서 오는 전파를 그대로 전송하며 자신의 고유 아이디를 전달할 수 있어 3차원 위치 측정에 유용하고, 이를 사용자의 의복에 부착할 경우 입체적인 위치를 측정할 수 있어 생체신호와 같이 정보를 전달할 경우 요양원 같이 많은 환자를 관리하는 종합적인 환자관리 시스템으로 활용이 가능한 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 상기의 상태 및 위치 측정 시스템을 구현하여 정상적으로 구동되는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2014

수중 구조물의 건설공사 수요 증가에 따라 구조물을 지반에 고정시키고 지지하기 위한 해양 기초 및 수중 그라우트재에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있고, 이에 대한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 수중에 시공되는 그라우트재는 물의 흐름에 의해 유실 교란되기 쉽고 양생 중에 재료분리 현상 등으로 인해 시공품질을 확보하기 어려워 설계 강도에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 해상 모노파일 속채움과 같이 골재를 채운 후 그라우트재를 주입하는 프리플레이스트 공법에 대한 수중 불분리성 혼화제의 적용 효과를 파악하기 위해 골재 크기, 그라우트재의 종류, 물 시멘트비 및 혼화재 등 다양한 시험조건을 상정하여 블리딩 및 압축강도 등의 실내시험을 수행하였으며, 이에 따른 특성을 비교 평가하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권sup1호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2016

Anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis, recently recognized as a form of paraneoplastic encephalitis, is characterized by a prodromal phase of unspecific illness with fever that resembles a viral disease. The prodromal phase is followed by seizures, disturbed consciousness, psychiatric features, prominent abnormal movements, and autonomic imbalance. Here, we report a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis with initial symptoms of epilepsia partialis continua in the absence of tumor. Briefly, a 3-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital due to right-sided, complex partial seizures without preceding febrile illness. The seizures evolved into epilepsia partialis continua and were accompanied by epileptiform discharges from the left frontal area. Three weeks after admission, the patient's seizures were reduced with antiepileptic drugs; however, she developed sleep disturbances, cognitive decline, noticeable oro-lingual-facial dyskinesia, and choreoathetoid movements. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis was confirmed by positive detection of NMDAR antibodies in the patient's serum and cerebrospinal fluid, and her condition slowly improved with immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone, and rituximab. At present, the patient is no longer taking multiple antiepileptic or antihypertensive drugs. Moreover, the patient showed gradual improvement of motor and cognitive function. This case serves as an example that a diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis should be considered when children with uncontrolled seizures develop dyskinesias without evidence of malignant tumor. In these cases, aggressive immunotherapies are needed to improve the outcome of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.350-356
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• 1989

타르, 니코틴 등 몇 가지 연초 에어로솔 성분의 흡착거동을 해석한 결과 비교적 저비점 피흡착질의 흡착률은 축적 동공부피의 증가와 더불어 증가하였다. 반면 비교적 고비점 피흡착질의 흡착률은 보다 작은 반경의 동공부피가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 여기에 사용된 흡착제는 활성탄, 실리카겔, 알루미나 및 활성백토이었다. 비표면적이 큰 흡착제가 보다 큰 흡착률을 가진다는 일반적인 경향은 고비점 피흡착질에 대해서는 성립되지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 위의 흡착거동을 탈착등온식을 기초로 하여 동공부피분포와 관련시켜 검토하므로써 얻어진 것이다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2004

시설참외 재배지 연작장해 경감을 위한 객토시 토성이 생육과 과실의 품질 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 객토시 기존 작토층에 함유된 유ㆍ무기물질들은 교반으로 감소되었고, 토양수분 장력은 점토함량이 낮은 사양토가 양토와 미사질식토 보다 감소폭이 크게 나타났으나 토양경도의 증가폭은 낮았다. 초기 생육은 사양토에서 초장과 엽면적 그리고 지상ㆍ지하부 생체중과 건물중이 모두 높은 경향을 보였으나 엽록소함량은 낮았다. 과실은 사양토에서 크고 무거웠으며 단도와 색은 미사질식토에서 높게 나타났다. 상품과와 비상품과 수량은 사양토에서 가장 많았으며 또한 발효과 발생률도 높게 나타났다. 저장기간이 경과할수록 모든 토성에서 경도와 과중은 서서히 감소되었으나 당도는 저장 후 5일까지 증가한 후 감소되었다. 따라서 시설참외 재배지 객토시 과실의 품질과 수량에 영향을 미치는 토성이 고려되어야 하겠다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.885-890
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• 2004

A survey for vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) occurrence was undertaken in three endangered vegetation sites in the area of Kudankulam atomic power station. Fifteen VAM fungal species were isolated from the root-zone soils of fourteen different plant species. There was a significant correlation observed between the number of spores and of percentage root colonization as exemplified by Phyllanthus niruri and Paspalum vaginatum (450, 95%; 60, 25%). Although VAM species are not known to be strictly site specific, the fact that Acaulospora elegans was observed only in site 1, Glomus pulvinatum in site 2 only, and Gl. intraradices in site 3 only, showed site-specificity in this study. To confirm the infection efficiency, two host plant species in the sites, P. niruri and Eclipta alba, were selected and inoculated in field with three selected VAM fungal spores. Gl. fasciculatum was found to be the most efficient VAM species in percentage root colonization, number of VAM spores, and dry matter content. When the nutrients in roots of P. niruri and E. alba were analyzed, there was higher uptake of K (4.2 and 3.4 times, respectively) and Ca (5.3 and 4.9 times, respectively), the analogues for $^{137}Cs$ and $^{90}Sr$, respectively. From the results, it might be concluded that VAM association helps the plants survive in a disturbed ecosystem and enhances uptake and cycling of radionuclides from the ecosystem.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2010

This study investigated the body image, body stress, eating attitude, and dietary quality in middle school girls. Questionnaires were administered to one hundred fifty seven middle school girls in Seoul area. The subjects were categorized into the five groups according to their body mass index (BMI); 1) severely under-weight (BMI < 16.5 $kg/m^2$), 2) under-weight (16.5 $\leq$ BMI < 18.5 $kg/m^2$), 3) normal weight (18.5 $\leq$ BM I < 23.0 $kg/m^2$), 4) overweight (23.0 $\leq$ BMI < 25.0 $kg/m^2$), and 5) obese (BMI $\geq$ 25 $kg/m^2$). 7.0%, 14.6%, 58.9%, 10.2%, and 10.2% of the subjects were classified as severely under-weight, under-weight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups, respectively. Regardless of the BMI, the subjects had disturbed body image, body stress, and poor eating attitude. The actual BMIs of the normal weight, overweight and obese subjects were significantly different from their desired BMI and perceived BMI, representing these subjects dissatisfied their body shape. Almost all subjects tried to lose their body weight even in the severely under-weight and under-weight groups. There were significant correlations of BMI with body image disturbance (p < 0.05), body stress (p < 0.01) and eating attitude (p < 0.05). These results indicated that middle school girls who have higher BMI seemed to have more body image distortion, body stress and risk of eating disorder. However, any significant difference in dietary quality among the five groups was not observed even though their dietary patterns were not balanced. As a conclusion, it is required that middle school girls should correct their distorted body image and body stress. Also, efforts to improve eating attitude, dietary pattern and nutritional status in the middle school girls are needed.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_1호
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• pp.457.2-486
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• 1998

Ecological success of introduced species is frequently attributed to the reproductive characters of those species. We examined the relationship between both flowering season and plant size and reproductive characters in two introduced species of Taraxacum, e.g., T. officinale and T.laevigatum. Seventy six plants of T. officinale and 23 plants of T. laevigatum were randomly tagged from a population at the sungshin Women's University in April of 1997. The size and number of vegetative characters such as rosette diameter, leaf number, and the largest leaf length and width were measured for each plant at the onset of flowering. The infructescence was collected continually from each plant before seed dispersal from April to August of 1997. The number of infructescence per plant, and seed number and total seed weight per infructescence were measured. Mean individual seed weight per infructescence was also obtained. T. officinale possessed larger sized, but smaller number of, leaves than T. laevigatum, thereby resulting in no significant difference in total leaf area. There was a trend that vegetatively larger plants in both of these species produced reproductive characters larger in size or greater in number, except for seed number and total seed weight per infructescence in T. laevigatum. All reproductive characters examined in T. officinale decreased toward the end of flowering season. In T. laevigatum, infructescence number per plant also declined during a flowering season: however, mean seed number per infructescence increaed toward the end of flowering season with no significant seasonal change in the total seed weight per infructescence. T. officinale produced on average about twice as many seeds per plant as T. laevigatum during a growing season. These two Taraxacum species produced quite small seeds in size compared to the endemic species, exhibiting a far better dispersal ability of introduced species. These data demonstrate that most reproductive characters decline in size and number in both species during a long flowering period, but the two species appear to employ different strategies to achieve reproductive success in disturbed habitats.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.97-114
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• 1986

Ship's maneuverability is very important factor in safe ship handling and economical ship operation. Steering characteristics are consisted of course stability and maneuverability. Today in many advanced ship-building countries, they study ship's course stability, using model ship tests, such as straight line tests, rotating arm tests and Planar Motion Mechanism (PMM) etc., in tow in tanks. It is the purpose of this paper to provide ship's handlers with better understanding of steering characteristics and to help them in safe controlling and manevering . In this paper, the author simulated response of various vessels, running straight course with constant speed, and they are disturbed by small external disturbance of one degree yaw angle with no angular velocity . The author used the hydrodynamic derivtives resulted at tests of Davidson's laboratory in Stevens Institute of Technology, New Jersey, U.S.A. Course stability was evaluated and analyzed in various respects, such as block coefficient, ratio of ship's length to beam, draft and rudder area ratio etc. The obtained results are as follows : (1) The ship's course stability is affected by magnitude of block coefficient greatly. In case that the block coefficient is more than 0.7, the deviation varies at nearly same rate but the requistite time to reach the steady course is different. (2) The ship's course stability is affected by magnitude of L/B. When the dimensionless time reaches about 3, the deviation and requisite time to reach the steady course are influenced nearly same. After the dimensionless time is about 3, they change on invariable ratio. (3) The effect to course stability by L/T and RA' can be neglected. (4) The reason why thy VLCC and container feeder vessel are unstable on their course is that their block coefficient is generally more than 0.8 and the ratio of ship's length to beam is about 6.0.