• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.290-301
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• 2017

Background: Forest edges create distinctive ecological space as adjacent constituents, which distinguish between different ecosystems or land use types. These edges are made by anthropogenic or natural disturbance and affects both abiotic and biotic factors gradually. This study was carried out to assess edge effects on disturbed landscape at the pine-dominated clear-cut area in a genetic resources reserve in Uljin-gun, eastern Korea. This study aims to estimate the distance of edge influence by analyzing changes of abiotic and biotic factors along the distance from forest edge. Further, we recommend forest management strategy for sustaining healthy forest landscapes by reducing effects of deforestation. Results: Distance of edge effect based on the abiotic factors varied from 8.2 to 33.0 m. The distances were the longest in $Mg^{2+}$ content and total nitrogen, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ contents, canopy openness, light intensity, air humidity, $Na^+$ content, and soil temperature followed. The result based on biotic factors varied from 6.8 to 29.5 m, coverage of tree species in the herb layer showed the longest distance and coverage of shrub plant in the herb layer, evenness, species diversity, total coverage of herb layer, and species richness followed. As the result of calculation of edge effect by synthesizing 26 factors measured in this study, the effect was shown from 11.0 m of the forest interior to 22.4 m of the open space. In the result of stand ordination, Rhododendron mucronulatum, R. schlippenbachii, and Fraxinus sieboldiana dominated arrangement of forest interior sites and Quercus mongolica, Vitis amurensis, and Rubus crataegifolius dominated spatial distribution of the open area plots. Conclusions: Forest interior habitat lies within the influence of both abiotic and biotic edge effects. Therefore, we need a forest management strategy to sustain the stability of the plant and further animal communities that depend on its stable conditions. For protecting forest interior, we recommend selective logging as a harvesting method for minimizing edge effects by anthropogenic disturbance. In fact, it was known that selective logging contributes to control light availability and wind regime, which are key factors affecting microclimate. In addition, ecological restoration applying protective planting for the remaining forest in the clear-cut area could contribute to prevent continuous disturbance in forest interior.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2006

본 논문은 2004년 3월부터 10월까지 가야산국립공원 지역에서 선택한 총 15개 조사 지역에서 외래식물과 귀화식물의 도시화지수를 분석하였다. 가야산국립공원의 외래식물은 총 88종류로 39과 72속 82종 5변종 및 1품종이 확인되었으며,그 중 귀화식물은 47종류로 확인되었다. 가야산국립공원 지역에서 귀화율은 4.06%,도시화지수는 17.74%로 나타났다. 귀화식물은 인위적 간섭을 받은 지역을 중심으로 분포하며 비교적 보전이 잘된 지역과 인위적 간섭이 없는 자연식생에서는 귀화식물의 분포를 확인하기 어려웠다. 원산지별로는 유럽과 북아메리카원산지인 귀화식물이 37종류, 72%로 가장 많게 나타났다. 국가 차원에서 외래종의 통합관리방안이 필요하지만 가야산국립공원의 외래종분포를 확인하여 지속적인 관리를 하는 것이 자생종의 보전과 보호에 있어서 매우 중요한 역할을 하게 될 것이다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.607-621
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• 2011

목적: 본 연구는 만성폐쇄성폐질환(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD) 환자의 신체활동, 수면 장애, 건강관련 삶의 질 간의 관련성을 검정하기 위해 수행되었다. 방법: 본 연구는 COPD 환자의 증상관리중재연구의 사전 조사 자료를 이용한 서술적 조사연구이다. 성 조지 호흡기계 설문지, 국제신체활동 설문지, 만성폐쇄성 폐질환과 천식의 수면영향 설문지를 이용하여 6개의 병원에서 자료수집이 이루어 졌으며, 총 245명이 분석에 포함되었다. 대상자의 특성, 대상자의 신체활동, 수면장애, 건강관련 삶의 질의 수준 및 연구 개념간의 관련성을 확인하기 위해 서술적 통계, ANOVA, Pearson 상관분석, 회귀분석이 SPSS WIN 18.0 프로그램을 통해 이루어졌다. 결과: 대상자의 건강관련 삶의 질과 수면장애의 평균(표준편차)은 각각 36.04(19.43)과 14.33(6.20)이었다. 대상자의 32%가 비활동적인 것으로 나타났다. 다변량적 접근에서 수면장애가 심하고(β=.27), FEV1 % predicted가 낮고(β=-.23), 신체활동량이 적고(β=-.19), 가정의 총수입이 낮고(β=-.16), COPD 진단을 받은 지 5년 이상(β=.14)이 된 대상자들에게서 유의하게 삶의 질이 낮았다(R²=.34). 결론: 본 연구결과는 COPD 환자의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 중재방안으로 수면의 질 향상과 신체활동량 증진이 효과적일 수 있음을 제시하며 이들 중재프로그램의 효과검증이 추후 필요하다 하겠다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.138-141
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• 2015

The South Korean construction industry has shown a high proportion of industrial accidents (approximately 28% of whole injuries) and the continuously increasing accident rate. Although many safety research emphasized that the 3E (Enforcement, Education, and Engineering) approach is a potential solution to enhance workplace safety, there should be benefits to consider psychological (i.e., Emotional) effects on the safety performance since most construction works are human-oriented. Thus, understanding construction workers' psychological conditions can be a priority. This research studied the relationships between psychological conditions-which cover stress, personal temperament, emotional disturbance, and drinking habit-and specific safety-related factors including safety motivation and knowledge, and safety performance of individual workers at a construction site. This study conducted a survey of 430 respondents and analyzed the data with the multiple linear regressions. The results imply persistence, trait anxiety, and problem-focused coping style are the critical factors that should be controlled for enhancing jobsite safety. Finally, the research outcomes could be applied to build a strategic safety management plan for a construction manager.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2015

Recent years, nationwide projects for ecological restoration are implemented with emerging issues on the stream ecosystem. In order to enhance effectiveness of the ecosystem restoration and reduce negative impact, the appraisal of effectiveness through the follow-up monitoring and the adaptive management process are executed in consecutive phase. In this study, planning phase, monitoring and adaptive management in Hakui stream which is part of An Yang stream restoration project is introduced as representative ongoing case of effective adaptive management. The aim of this study is to verify the adaptive management process and suggest direction of effective restoration. Restoration project of Hakui stream resulted in increasing number and diversity of species (vegetation, fish, bird, invertbrates, amphibian and reptilia) according to monitoring from 2004 to 2013, and enhancing natural river landscape by evaluation of river naturalness among 2001(before restoration), 2007 (after), 2015 (recent). However, excessive vegetation expansion or sediment deposition on channel over time caused unexpected results such as terrestrialization or degradation of habitats. Adaptive management action such as removing disturbance species (Humulus japonicus)(2007), coppicing willow (2007), release of march snail (2007), creation of wetland (2014) were implemented based on monitoring results. And then appraisal of management action was discussed.

• 환경생물
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2010

검은머리갈매기는 서식지 축소와 개발압력으로 10,000개체 내외가 생존하고 있는 종이다. 국내에서의 첫 번식 기록은 1998년이며 이후 지속적으로 연구되어 왔으나 아직은 부족한 실정이다. 이에 따라 1998년부터 2009년까지 11년간 번식 개체군의 변동 추세를 모니터링하고 경향을 예측하고자 하였다. 그 결과 국내에서는 1998년 시화호에서 300개체가 번식한 이후 2009년 1,300여 개체가 번식을 시도하여 해마다 증가되었다. 주번식지인 중국의 경우에도 개체수가 지속적으로 증가하고 있어 전체 개체군은 증가추세에 있다. 국내의 번식지는 인간에 의한 훼방과 간섭, 개발, 포식 동물들로 인하여 위협받고 있으며, 인천만의 경우 송도 신도시 매립지, 영종도 매립지 등 갯벌의 매립지에서 번식하고 있다. 그러나 이곳은 개발이 진행됨에 따라 번식 장소가 수시로 변동되고 서식지도 축소되고 있어 새로운 대체번식지와 서식지를 마련하지 않을 경우 번식개체군의 감소를 가져올 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.279-289
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• 2012

This study conducted a comparative analysis of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the Fosu and Benya lagoons in Ghana, based on the anthropogenic effect on the two lagoons. Salinity, oxygen, temperature, conductivity, turbidity and pH were measured, invertebrate richness and species densities were determined. The AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) and multivariate statistics were used to determine the different responses of fauna to pollution. The fauna were categorized into five ecological groups based on the degree of tolerance of the different species to pollution: disturbance-sensitive species; disturbance-indifferent species, disturbance-tolerant species, second-order opportunistic species; and first-order opportunistic species. The Fosu Lagoon supported more pollution tolerant species, whereas the Benya Lagoon had more species that were sensitive to organic enrichment under relatively unpolluted conditions. Chironomus sp., which is adapted to virtually anoxic conditions, was the most abundant in the Fosu Lagoon whereas Nemertea sp. was the most abundant in the Benya Lagoon. The numerical and relative abundance (%) of all 7 taxa in the Fosu Lagoon was 1,359 and 92.35%, respectively. The numerical and relative abundance (%) of all 34 taxa in the Benya Lagoon was 2,459 and 87.52%, respectively. Expectedly, the level of dissolved oxygen in the less saline Fosu Lagoon was higher than that in the more saline Benya Lagoon. The reduced photoperiod and photosynthetic activities of aquatic plants might account for this trend. There is a need to implement comprehensive monitoring and management initiatives for sustaining the ecological health of coastal lagoons in Ghana in order to support the many people that depend upon these ecosystems for their livelihood.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2008

Purpose : The research which sees width for a wide gain and loss is about brush qualitative management of the child about dental hygiene of the child is investigated the brush qualitative actual condition. Methods : The data which is collected used SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) WIN 11.5 programs and analyzed, a frequency and a percentage with analytical technique, in order to grasp the general quality of the investigation object person produced to examine is about the brush quality control actual condition of the children opinion t-test (verification) frequency analyses and $x^2$(Chi-square) verifications, executed. Result : The followings are the findings of this research. First, the children about the reason which wipes this 83.4% the thing protection dental caries answer back, followed in grade and considers the difference which was visible(p<0.001). Second, wipes whether to experience is educated answer back 83.0% was educated, followed in sex and considers the difference which was visible(p<0.05). Third, when 1 time is brush quality of the children doing, in grade and the time when becomes disturbance was, most between 2~3 minutes followed considers the difference which was visible(p<0.01). Fourth, when 1 time is brush quality of the children doing, in grade and the time when becomes disturbance was, most between 2~3 minutes followed considers the difference which was visible(p<0.01). Fifth, when 1 time is brush quality of the children doing, in grade and the time when becomes disturbance was, most between 2~3 minutes followed considers the difference which was visible(p<0.05, p<.001). Sixth, Use duration of the toothbrush the child of most was 3~6 months, according to grade and sex was visible the difference which considers. Conclusion : Are oral healthily of the children is the knowledge which relates with a brush quality and practical degree important. Therefore this there must be dental health education program development will be able to improve, means must reflect the dental health education at the time of.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2016

Variable systemic diseases affect larynx and vocal fold and result in voice change. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease make increase of intra-abdomimal pressure followed by reflux of gastric acid, which stimulate vagal-bronchopulomary reflex aggravating cough and respiratory disturbance. Fungal laryngitis in the general population is extremely rare, but can occur in immunocompromised AIDS patients. Although, initially, empirical antifungal therapy for candidiasis is often given without biopsy, diagnostic direct laryngoscopy and biopsy is imperative if a substantial clinical response is not rapidly achieved. In the highly active anti-retroviral therapy era, HIV-positive patients are living longer and are at higher risk for developing non-AIDS-defining malignancies. The incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) which is related with human papilloma virus infection has increased. The survival is significantly lower among the AIDS-HNC patients with CD4 counts ${\leq}200cells/{\mu}L$. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cause voice disturbance by developing cricoarytenoid joints fixation or nodule on vocal fold. Post-menopausal voice disorder (PMVD) is caused by decreased secretion of estrogen-progesterone resulting in decrease of fundamental frequency (F0). Hormonal replacement therapy is helpful to reduce F0 decrease. RA and PMVD result in slight voice change, but it could crucial in professional voice user.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2012

Voltage and current phasor estimation has been executed by GPS-based synchronized PMU, which has become an important way of wide-area blackout protection for the prevention of expending faults in a power system. The PMU technique can not easily get the field data and it is impossible to share information, so that there has been used a FNET(Frequency Monitoring Network) method for the wide-area intelligent protection in USA. It consists of FDR(Fault Disturbance Recorder) and IMS(Information Management System). Therefore, FDR must provide an optimal frequency estimation method that is robust to noise and failure. In this paper, we present comparative studies for the frequency estimation method using IRDWT(Improved Recursive Discrete Wavelet Transform), FRDWT(Fast Recursive Discrete Wavelet Transform), and DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform). The Republic of Korea345[kV] power system modeling data by EMTP-RV are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed two kinds of RDWT(Recursive Discrete Wavelet Transform) and DFT. The simulation results show that the proposed frequency estimation technique using FRDWT could be the optimal frequency measurement method, and thus be applied to FDR.