• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2003

두경부 및 흥부에서 척수 견딤선량은 방사선 치료 제약 조건중의 하나이다. 이 영역에서 척수 견딤 선량을 임상적으로 허용 가능한 수준으로 유지하면서 표적에 임상적으로 유의한 선량을 전달하는 것은 쉽지 않은 문제이다. 기존의 치료 방법을 적용할 때 따르는 문제를 해결하기 위해 동적 다엽콜리메이터(dynamic multi leaf collimator, dMLC)를 사용한 척수의 부분 차폐 기법(spial cord partial block technique)을 개발하였다. 이 기법은 기존의 3차원 방사선 치료 계획 장치를 사용하여 치료계획을 수립한다. 치료 계획 절차는 표적을 잘 포함 할 수 있는 빔 방향 및 빔 개수를 설정한 후, 척수 등 방사선 민감 장기를 보호하기 위한 부분차폐를 적용하여 최적화된 선량분포를 만들어 낸다. 이 기법의 유용성을 평가하기 위해 동일한 환자에 대해 기존의 치료 계획과 PBT 치료 계획을 수립하여 상호 비교 평가하였다. 평균 선량과 DVH를 치료 계획 평가 인자로 사용하였다. 임상 적용 가능성을 위해 일련의 정도관리를 수행하여 평가하였다. 이 정도관리는 선량 분포 검증에 대한 필름 도시메트리와 단일점 측정으로 구성되어 있다. PBT 치료계획이 기존의 치료계획 보다 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 두경부에서 유용한 치료 기법임을 볼 수 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.416-421
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• 2015

This study was performed to comparative investigate the distribution of primary sensory and motor neurons associated with Daereung(PC7) acupoints by using neural tracing technique. A total 16 SD rats were used in the present study. After anesthesia, the rats received microinjection of 6 ㎕ of cholera toxin B subunit(CTB) into the corresponding sites of the acupoints Daereung(PC7), in the human body for observing the distribution of the related primary sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia(DRGs) and motor neurons in the spinal cord(C3∼T4) and sympathetic ganglia. Three days after the microinjection, the rats were anesthetized and transcardially perfused saline and 4% paraformaldehyde, followed by routine section of the DRGs, sympathetic chain ganglia(SCGs) and spinal cord. Labeled neurons and nerve fibers were detected by immunohistochemical method and observed by light microscope equipped with a digital camera. The labeled neurons were recorded and counted. From this research, the distribution of primary sensory and motor neurons associated with Daereung(PC7) acupoints were concluded as follows. Muscle meridian related Daereung(PC7) controlled by spinal segments of C5∼T1, C6∼T4, respectively.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2022

Background: It is known that hand strength and fingertip force are used as an indicator of muscle strength and are also highly related to the various chronic symptoms and even lifespan. To use the individual fingertip force (IFF) as a quantitative index for clinical evaluation, the IFF should be measured and analyzed with various variables from various subjects, such as the normal range of fingertip force and the difference in its distribution by disease. Objects: We tried to measure and analyze the mean maximum IFF distribution during grasping a cylindrical object in healthy adults and patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: Five Force-sensitive resistor (FSR) sensors were attached to the fingertips of 24 healthy people and 13 patients with SCI. They were asked to grip the object three times for five seconds with their maximum effort. Results: The mean maximum IFF of the healthy adult group's thumb, index, and middle finger was similar statistically and showed relatively larger than IFF of the ring and small finger. It is a 3-point pinch grip pattern. All fingertip forces of patients with SCI decreased by more than 50% to the healthy group, and their IFF of the middle finger was relatively the largest among the five fingertip forces. The cervical level injured SCI patients showed significantly decreased IFFs compared to thoracic level injured SCI patients. Conclusion: We expect that this study results would be helpful for rehabilitation diagnosis and therapy goal decision with robust further study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1197-1199
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• 2016

Background: This study aimed to facilitate decision-making in cases of breast cancer radiotherapy shifts by simulating millimetric shifts and analyzing their effects on dose distribution. Methods: The study included 30 patients with left side breast cancer who were treated with three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in the Radiation Oncology Department in Hatay Public Hospital, between January 2013 and April 2015. A treatment plan shifting at three axes with six different measures was simulated. Results: The biggest difference in values was (+3mm shift) 476cGy, with a 7.7 % change for heart and 25.6% for spinal cord. The shifts in values respectively for CTV min, mean, max were -4.8%, 2.5%, 4%. The differences for lymphatic min, mean, max were 21.3%, 20.3%, -12.2%. Conclusion: The most important thing is not the treatment plan quality, but its practicality. The treatment plan must be practical and its practice must be controlled rigidly.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.60-76
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• 1988

Chick embryos which have received a single injection of the organophosphate compound, malathion (0.1 mg/0.05 ml, 0.5 mg/0.05 ml, 1.0 mg/0.05 ml or 2.0 mg/0.05 ml) via the yolk sac at certain times (2 days, 4 days or 6 days after incubation) have been investigated. After 9 days of incubation, chick embryos were harvested to examine the effects of malathion on the ultrastructure and the acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity of the developing spinal cord. The effects of simultaneous injection of malathion and nicotinamide were also compared. On ultrastructural findings, neurons in the ventral horn of spinal cord showed to be inhibited in their differentiation by malathion; nuclear irregularity, separation of nuclear membranes, reduction of ribosomal distribution, and cytoplasmic vacuoles were observed. In the younger embryos treated with relatively high doses of malathion, nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles of neurons were severely destroyed, and the neurons were shown to be necrotic. On cytochemical study of AChE by electron microscope, the positive reaction products of AChE were localized at the membranes of nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum of neurons. Inhibition of AChE activity was severe in groups treated with relatively low doses of malathion. Nicotinamide (5.0 mg/0.05 ml) alleviated malathion-induced morphological alterations. In conclusion, it is suggested that malathion changes the ultrastructure and reduces. AChE activity in differentiating neurons, and the severity of which is consistently dose- and age-dependent.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.980-987
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• 2001

Tire performance is significantly influenced by the carcass tension distribution that is governed by the sidewall contour. To maximize the tire performance, it is very important for one to find the sidewall contour with the ideal tension distribution. But it is not easy to find such an optimal sidewall contour. Therefore, in order for a successful tire-shape optimization, we need to investigate how the change of sidewall radius influences on the carcass tension distribution. In this paper, we intend to numerically investigate the relation between the sidewall-radius change and the carcass tension distribution.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 복부 전용 팬톰을 이용하여 폐 종양을 모델로 실시간 종양 추적 치료 시 종양에 대한 선량 분포와 종양 부근에 인접하여 상대적으로 움직임이 작은 주요장기인 척추의 선량 분포를 3차원과 4차원 전산화 치료계획을 통하여 나타난 선량분포에 대하여 Gafchromic 필름을 이용하여 선량을 비교평가 하였다. 비교 결과 종양의 선량 분포는 감마 지표 3%, 1 mm를 기준으로 일치도가 3차원 및 4차원에서 각각 90.6%, 97.64%이었고, 척추에서는 감마 지표 3%, 2 mm를 기준으로 3차원 및 4차원에서 각각 57.13%, 90.4%로 나타났다. 종양 및 척추에서 4차원 전산화치료계획 계산값은 측정값과 비교할 경우 근소한 차이를 보였으나 3차원 전산화 치료계획 시 종양에 근접하여 움직임이 작은 척추에서는 계산값과 측정값의 차이가 크게 나타났다. 따라서 사이버나이프와 같은 장비를 이용하여 호흡에 따라 움직이는 종양을 대상으로 실시간 종양추적 치료 시 4차원 전산화 치료계획이 반드시 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.265-269
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• 2003

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent regulator of normal and abnormal angiogenesis. Recent literature suggests that VEGF has several activities that may amplify acute inflammation reactions. Dysregulated VEGF expression has been implicated as a major contributor to the development of a number of common disease pathologies. One of common mutations in the 3'- untranslated region of the VEGF gene, a C\longrightarrowT exchange at nucleotide position 936, has been found to be significantly associated with VEGF expression levels in the plasma from a previous Austrian study. The frequency of this mutation could be important genetic information regarding tumor growth and angiogenesis related diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency distribution of this mutation in general Korean population. We examined the statistical data from 207 healthy Korean subjects. Observed numbers (%) of 936T were 28.5 (CT) and 3.9 (TT), respectively. The mutant allele frequency of 936T in Korean subjects was 0.18, which appeared somewhat higher than that in Austrian subjects.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2012

In echinoderms, the SALMFamide neuropeptides sharing the SxL/FxFamide motif seem widespread throughout the phylum and may be important signalling molecules that mediate various physiological functions. Recent identification of S1 and its analogues, MagS3 and MagS4, along with the S2 analogue, MagS2 from the starfish $Marthasterias$ $glacialis$, indicated that SALMFamides in the class Asteroidea are more diverse than previously thought. Further, isolation of the neuropeptides from the radial nerve cord and studies on pharmacological actions of the neuropeptides on the cardiac stomach warrant studies on the tissue distributions of these peptides in both the nervous and digestive systems. In the present study, antisera raised against an S1 analogue, KYSALMFamide, and an S2 analogue, KYSGLTFamide, were used to localize the distribution patterns of the S1- and S2-like immunoreactivities (S1-IR/S2-IR) in the nervous and digestive systems of the starfish. In the nervous system, cell bodies in the ectoneural part were immunostained for both S1 and S2 peptides, while in the digestive system, the basiepithelial plexus and mucosal cell bodies were immunoreactive. These immunocytochemical data support the notion that the SALMFamides may play a neuroendocrine role in mediating feeding behaviour of the starfish. Further studies including identification of peptide binding sites and differential expression pattern of mRNAs encoding the peptides are required to elucidate their physiological functions.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.201-204
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• 2008

In this paper, several process parameter studies of the manufacturing process of the steel cords are carried out to verify the relation between the process parameters and the residual stresses on the steel cords. At first, the finite element analysis of the drawing process is performed and the residual stress distributions with respect to the wire material and the area reduction ratio are obtained. The residual stress of the drawn wire is imported the finite element analysis of the twisting process as an initial stress. After that a parameter study of the twisting process is carried out. The process parameters are the applied tension, the over-twisting angle and the tensile strength of the drawn wire. Based on these studies, the optimum values of the process parameters which can remove or reduce the undesired residual stresses are determined. The optimum value of the process parameters are confirmed by the finite element analysis of the elastic recovery process of the steel cords. Finally, the finite element analysis of the roller straightening process is done to study the variation of the distribution of the residual stress before and after the process.