• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.440-449
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• 2003

Residual strength of fiber metal laminates after impact was studied. 3/4 lay up FML was fabricated using 4 ply prepreg, 2 ply aluminum sheets, and 1 ply steel sheet. Quasi isotropic ([0/45/90/-45]s) and orthotropic ([0/90/0/90]s) FRP were also fabricated to compare with FML. Impact test were conducted by using instrumented drop weight impact machine (Dynatup, Model 8250). Penetration load and absorbed energy of FML were superior to those of FRPs. Tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the residual strength after impact. Strength degradation of FML was less than that of FRP. This means that the damage tolerance of FML is excellent than that of FRP. Residual strength of each specimen was predicted by using Whitney and Nuismer(WN) Model. Impact damage area is assumed as a circular notch in WN model. Damage width is defined as the average of back face and top face damage width of each specimen. Average stress and point stress criterions were used to calculate the characteristic length. It is supposing that a characteristic length is a constant. The distribution of characteristic length shows that the assumption is reasonable. Prediction was well matched with experiment under both stress criterions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.555-569
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• 2020

This study examines the impact of corporate tax, a fiscal measure along with trade liberalization and research and development on total factor productivity for a panel of 153 industrial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange over the period 1997-2017. For empirical analysis, we employ the system generalized method of moment estimator. In the first step, we estimate industrial production function and the results reveal that raw material, industrial labour force and energy play vital role in enhancing industrial production. Whereas, industrial capital exerts negative impact on industrial output. We also measured total factor productivity using the production elasticities. In the second step, we examine the impact of corporate tax, trade liberalization and research and development on total factor productivity. The results indicate that higher level of corporate tax exerts negative impact on total factor productivity. The findings reveal that higher corporate taxation discourages industrial firms to undertake research and development thereby exerting adverse impact on total factor productivity of firms. The impact of trade liberalization proxied by average tariff is positive while customs duty and sales tax negatively impact firm-level total factor productivity. These findings provide useful insights for managers, investors and policy makers in Pakistan.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.777-784
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• 2021

This study explores the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown policies that are used to tackle the pandemic on stock market returns in Indonesia. This study uses fixed-effects panel-data regression method to evaluate the impact of the growth in COVID-19 total confirmed cases and death as well as the lockdown policies on daily stock returns of 272 firms that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange's main board and operate in the real sector from 2 March 2020 to 27 November 2020. The study confirms the significantly adverse impact of growth in the total of confirmed cases and death due to COVID-19 on Indonesia's daily stock returns. Moreover, the lockdown policies regardless how strict they are, have a positive and significant impact on the Indonesia's daily stock returns. This study further considers the different impact of COVID-19 pandemic on each of eight observed sectors; where the sector of property as well as trade, service and investment have a significantly negative performance; while the sector of basic industry, consumer goods and mining have a significantly better performance. This study suggests that COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown policies have a mixed impact on the Indonesia's stock market returns.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2021

This study aim is to examine 1) the impact of corporate social responsibility disclosure and tax aggressiveness on firm value, 2) the impact of tax aggressiveness on firm value, and 3) the impact of corporate social responsibility on firm value. The sample of this study is 29 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The period of research spans three years, from 2017 to 2019. The data is gathered from the annual report of the companies or website of companies and also the website from Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study uses Structural Equation Model with Partial Least Square. The research findings show that corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness have a negative and significant impact on firm value. The tax aggressiveness and firm value have a negative and significant impact. Corporate social responsibility has a positive and significant impact on firm value. This study uses the manufacturing sector, so that the findings of this study cannot be generalized to other sectors. Future research should explore other sectors such as mining, banking, etc. This study uses Effective Tax Rate (ETR) to measure tax aggressiveness. Further research should use another measurement, for instance, Current Effective Tax Rate (CETR).

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.245-252
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• 2022

This study examines the strength of the impact of fiscal policy tools on economic wellbeing as measured by per capita income in Malaysia from 1996 to 2020. The impact of fiscal policy instruments on economic wellness, represented by real income per capita, is measured using the autoregressive distributed lags model. The speed of adjustment from short-run disequilibrium to long-run equilibrium is also measured to assess the strength of the fiscal instruments' impact on per capita income. Empirical results exhibit the existence of co-integration relationships between per capita income, tax revenue, and government spending. The findings provide strong support for the presence of a long-run positive impact on government spending and a long-run negative impact of tax revenue on per capita income. The coefficient of ECT_t-1 indicates that deviations from a short-run disequilibrium to a long-run equilibrium from the current to the future period are corrected with a speed of 76% (equivalent to a duration of 1.5-2 years to return to equilibrium). The practical and policy implication of the results is fiscal instruments play a significant role, mainly in alleviating the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the long run.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.345-352
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• 2022

This study examines the impact of female representation on board of directors and audit committees on financial reporting quality, which also discusses the moderating role of family ownership in female representation on boards of directors and audit committees and financial reporting quality. The unbalanced panel is made up of 271 non-financial companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from 2008 to 2019.The findings reveal that female representation on the board of directors has a large and negative impact on financial reporting, but female representation on the audit committee has a significant positive impact on financial reporting quality. Furthermore, the results reveal that family ownership has a negative impact on the relationship between female presence on boards of directors and financial reporting quality. Furthermore, the findings show that family ownership reduces the impact of female involvement in audit committees on the quality of financial reporting. However, family ownership has no direct impact on financial reporting quality.Our findings suggest that selecting females to serve on boards of directors and audit committees should be based on specific criteria (e.g., monitoring abilities, business competence, knowledge, and experience) rather than on family relationships.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2014

Purpose - Recent rapid environmental changes in the hospital industry are accelerating the spread of customer satisfaction management. Customers' desires have become diversified and advanced; in the past, customers tended to preferred popularized and standardized care, whereas they now prefer individualized and differentiated care, based on an increase in income. Specifically, this study tries to analyze the mediating effects of factors that affect the configuration portion of customer value and relationship quality (customer trust and relationship commitment) by investigating the impacts and configuration factor of customer value on relationship quality and determining how these factors impact customer loyalty directly or indirectly. Research design, data, and methodology - This study aims to determine the customer value factors that impact the perceptions of dental hospital customers, how these factors impact relationship quality and customer loyalty, and the causal relationship of these factors, and to verify the research model based on previous research. To increase the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the authors of this study constructed basic questions using measurement tools already verified for reliability and validity in existing studies. In this study, customer value is defined as customers' recognizing value by exchanging goods or services and is measured using a five-point Likert scale using 19 questions about the 4-Ds, such as convenience value, quick service, response value, and trustworthiness. For each question, "very low" was set at 1 point and "very high" at 5 points. Customer trust, relationship commitment, and customer loyalty are also measured using a five-point Likert 5-point scale (1 = very low, 5 = very high) based on previous studies. Results - For customer value, trustworthiness and quick service are shown to have direct significant positive impacts on customer loyalty. For customer value and quality of the relationship (customer confidence and commitment), trustworthiness, response value, confidence value, and quick service are shown to have a significant positive impact on customer truth, in order of impact. For the relationship between customer value and commitment, quick service and response value are shown to have significant positive impact. Customer confidence has a very high positive influence on commitment. For the relationship between the quality of the relationship (customer confidence and commitment) and customer loyalty, customer confidence is shown to have more of an impact than commitment, in terms of a direct influence of customer loyalty. Commitment showed a positive impact on customer loyalty. For the relationship between customer confidence and customer loyalty, commitment showed a mediating effect. Conclusions - Many additional variables could apply; this study focused on customer value, quality of the relationship, and customer loyalty. In particular, there will be significant value in identifying the relationships among customer value, relationship quality, and customer loyalty by using impact factors for customer value; ensuring external validity by expanding denotation and applying the findings to other service industries; and undertaking continuous research. This study has limited generalization potential because the target for this survey was located only in the Seoul area.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2019

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of financial development and foreign remittances on poverty and income inequality in the context of Pakistan. The study used ARDL-Bounds testing approach for robust inferences. The results show that in the short-run, remittances increases poverty and income inequality, which further translated into its long-run impact. The result confirmed the inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita income and income inequality, while the second order coefficient of per capita income substantially decline poverty incidence in a country. In the long-run, the results disappeared and it's turned into U-shaped relationship between income inequality and country's per capita income. Education largely decreases income inequality both in the short and long-run, however, it increases poverty in the long-run. Unemployment rate substantially damaged the pro-poor growth scenario, as high unemployment rate increases both the poverty rates and income inequality, which suffered poor more than non-poor in a country. Financial development has a positive impact on poverty reduction and income inequality in the short-run. The impact of income inequality on poverty incidence is positive both in the short- and long-run, which need pro-poor growth policies and rationale income distribution in a country.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.675-694
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• 2014

Annular and solid concrete specimens with different aspect ratios and static unconfined compressive strengths were studied for impact loading using SHPB test setup. Numerical simulations in LSDYNA were also carried out and results were validated. The stress-strain curves obtained under dynamic loading were also compared with static compressive tests. The mode of failure of concrete specimen was a typical ductile failure at high strain rates. In general, the dynamic increase factor (DIF) of thin solid specimens was higher than thick samples. In the numerical study, the variation of axial, hydrostatic and radial stresses for solid and annular samples was studied. The core phenomenon due to confinement was observed for solid samples wherein the applied loads were primarily borne by the innermost concrete zone rather than the outer peripheral zone. In the annular samples, especially with large diameter inside hole, the distribution of stresses was relatively uniform along the radial distance. Qualitatively, only a small change in the distribution of stresses for annular samples with different internal diameters studied was observed.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.17-23
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• 2019

Purpose - This study aims to clarify the impact of smart health gadgets (specfically, smart watches/sports wristbands) on promoting healthy behavior. It also aims to understand the use and characteristics of the devices, to explore the relationship between device factors and factors that affect healthy behavior, and to discuss the development of health promotion. Research, design, data, and methodology - Smart device users were investigated through a random sampling method of 185 respondents, including all ages and all levels of occupation, education, and income. The SmartPLS 3.0 software enabled the path analysis and the descriptive statistical analysis; the theoretical model was evaluated for the parameter analysis. Results - The size and path of each factor impacting health promoting behavior were ascertained. The objective factors that attract users to the smart wristband were investigated as well as the methods by which the device and the HPM are bound to each other and the correlation factors to seek out the closest relationship. Conclusions - According to the analysis, the real-time smart watch/sports wristband exerts a positive impact on one's health promoting behavior. Health awareness is increasingly promoted in the process of using the device, and the impact of health awareness and self-efficacy effects on healthy behavior is considerable.