• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.138-156
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to a) measure the service quality attributes of foodservice type such as school foodservice, hospital foodservice and business & industry(B&I) foodservice, managed by contract management company(CMC), b) compare with service quality attributes by CMC scale, c) analyze overall customer satisfaction(CS) by the foodservice type and the CMC scale, and d) identify the effect of service quality attributes on an overall CS by the foodservice type and the CMC scale. The questionnaires were handed out to 6,620 customers of 207 school, 38 hospital, and 86 B&I foodservices in 108 CMCs. The statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS Win(ver 12.0) for descriptive analysis, t-test, reliability analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. From an analysis on service quality attributes, 'proper arrangement of table and chair at hall distribution(3.53)', 'operation of nutrition education(3.50)' were highly perceived to student, 'correctable serving(4.08)', 'serve at fixed distribution time(4.08)', 'kindness of serving employee(4.04)' were highly perceived to patient, 'employee's kindness(3.84)' were highly perceived to customer of B&I. In comparison of service quality attributes by CMC scale, most scores of large enterprise(LE) were significantly higher than small and medium sized enterprise(SME) in school foodservice, hospital foodservice and B&I foodservice. Overall CS levels were 3.53 out of a maximum 5 on B&I, 3.46 on school, and 3.44 on hospital and were evaluated differently CS score by CMC scale. Finally, regression results for the effects of service quality attributes on overall CS by each of foodservice type were identified significantly different service quality attributes by foodservice type such as school, hospital, B&I(p<.001) and by CMC scale. For considering the goal of enterprise on profit-making through CS and the needs of customer on CS at moment of truth(MOT), the findings should be applied to the CMC and the foodservice industry.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.9-19
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• 2015

Purpose - This study focuses on the use of evaluative criteria software for imprecise market information, and product mapping relationships between design parameters and customer requirements. Research design, data, and methodology - This study involved using the product predicted value method, synthesizing design alternatives through a morphological analysis and plan, realizing the synthesis in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), and using its searching software capacity to obtain optimal solutions. Results - The establishment of product designs conforms to the customer demand, and promotes the optimization of several designs. In this study, the construction level analytic method and the simple multi attribute comment, or the quantity analytic method are used. Conclusions - This study provides a solution for enterprise products' multi-goals decision-making, because the product design lacks determinism, complexity, risk, conflict, and so on. In addition, the changeable factor renders the entire decision-making process more difficult. It uses Fuzzy deduction and the correlation technology for appraising the feasible method and multi-goals decision-making, to solve situations of the products' multi-goals and limited resources, and assigns resources for the best product design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.40-55
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• 2017

The current new distribution environment provides the consumers to shop at anytime and any places by using mobile appliances. So, the companies which run the offline-store increase the contact point with the consumer by launching not only online-store but also the mobile application (app). Moreover, they are trying to operate the Omni-channel shopping environment. In order for this research to draw the direction of 'the Omni-Channel Strategy', which is about the changed distribution environment of the domestic fashion enterprise, the following steps were performed. First of all, the term related to 'Omni-Channel' is defined. And then, Example of the 'Omni-Channel' strategy and 'O2O' business in the domestic distributior were researched. Lastly, present condition of the 'Omni-Channel' strategy case of the domestic fashion industry was researched. At the result, the online-stores usually have several brands which can not represent their identities. It is suggested that each online-store according to each brand has their own characteristic identity. And The Omni-Channel strategy of the domestic fashion enterprise that is needed the connection point connecting the on-line and off-line. It is able to allure the customer to the off-line-store.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.23-34
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• 2015

Purpose - Currently, the foreign trade environment in China has shifted to a very different system. Korean enterprises have been forced to compete with Chinese enterprises in today's world market owing to the economic growth and technical improvement in China. Research design, data, and methodology - The author visited Korean export enterprises in Shanghai from January 5 to 12, 2014 to implement a questionnaire survey and conduct in-depth interviews with the local enterprises. The author investigated the Shenyang area using e-mail communication. For the questionnaire, one copy of the questionnaire was given to each business and to a staff member for each of the products when a company sold multiple products. Results - Selling cost advantage, efficiency of economic scale, and product differentiation had the most influence on Korean enterprises' export strategy to China. Additionally, entry barrier, product differentiation, and concentration all had an influence on Korean enterprise export strategy to China as well. Conclusion - Korean enterprises developed strategies for price priority, economies of scale, and product differentiation based on changes in the competitive structure in the Chinese market.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.31-41
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the minimum wage policy and the employment labor force in Myanmar by exploring firms' actions such as installing supplementary machines to substitute for labor resources and by addressing gender issues in employment. Research design, data, and methodology: This paper applies a fixed-effect estimation method by using the World Bank's enterprise panel data set surveyed in Myanmar. Results: Findings suggest that the minimum wage reduces both full-time and part-time employment, while the first minimum wage policy increases overall female employment. The adverse impacts are more pronounced for female employees of Joint Venture enterprises and enterprises located in the less-populated regions. Investment in capital such as equipment and machinery increase to substitute for labor after the minimum wage policy implementation; as a result, full-time employment slightly decreases. Conclusions: Appropriate measures concerning the minimum wage policy must be prepared by the government and institutions related to the labor union to serve the well-being of employees. Government of Myanmar should fix the minimum wage in a reasonable period based on the fiscal year for both employers and employees to prevent possible issues and losses resulting from the minimum wage being set.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.33-46
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to understand the impact of e-commerce's advantage among SME's digital channel in Malaysia. To achieve the objective, this study used Technology, Organization, Environment (TOE) framework, Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory and Resource-Based View (RBV) theory. Research design, data and methodology: This study is quantitative method involve 195 SMEs online business in Malaysia. The integrated framework highlights the conceptual insight in multidimensional technology context (i.e. relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity); organizational context (i.e. top management support, innovation capability, branding capability, market-sensing capability, and human and organization capability); and environmental context (i.e. government support and supplier pressure). Results: The findings revealed that complexity, branding capability, human and organization capability, government support, and supplier pressure have significant positive relationship with e-commerce advantage. Meanwhile, relative advantage, compatibility, innovation capability, and market-sensing capability have significant negative relationship with e-commerce advantage. However, top management support has found no significant relationship with e-commerce advantage. Conclusions: The extended theoretical framework dimension improves existing knowledge on e-commerce advantage as well as the prospect of SMEs digital channel.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.19-30
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• 2024

Purpose: This paper provides both quantitative and qualitative literature review on employee engagement in State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) as portrayed in literature and offers more insight into the concept on how it can be optimised. Research design, data and methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. A review and analysis of both theoretical and empirical research and articles which are relevant to employee engagement in SOEs was conducted. Only secondary information gathered through those articles and research was used to analyse and build literature review on employee engagement in SOEs. Results: A literature review of both qualitative and quantitative research on employee engagement in organisations generally and in SOEs particularly was done, and it indicated the positive relationship between employee engagement and organisational performance. From the study, it is evident that employee engagement is not optimal around the world, therefore it is an area which needs more attention. Hence, this study proffered strategies for enhancing employee engagement in SOEs. Conclusions: This study proffers strategies for optimising employee engagement in SOEs. These are brand image, work environment, management and leadership characteristics, training and development opportunities, performance management, work life balance, effective communication and Kahn's three factors of meaningfulness, safety and availability. These strategies are essential in optimising employee engagement as portrayed in the reviewed literature.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.351-363
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• 2020

The objective of this paper is to explore how board gender diversity affects corporate sustainability performance. Therefore, this paper examines the direct association between board gender diversity with corporate sustainability performance and the mediation effect of enterprise risk management (ERM) on this association. The study employed a cross-sectional survey method. Data were collected from annual reports, websites, and through the questionnaires that were distributed to Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) of all the listed companies of Dhaka Stock Exchange, Bangladesh. The partial least square technique of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach was employed for data analysis. The result did not find support for the direct association between board gender diversity and sustainability performance in Bangladesh context. This implies that contextual factors, such as, male-dominant board, appointment of female directors based on family ties, lack of education and expertise etc. may discount gender diversity direct influence on sustainability performance. However, the study finds strong support for the mediating role of ERM use within the corporate structure. Further analysis of indirect effect suggests that ERM use mediates the relationship of board gender diversity and sustainability performance in full. This implies that in the Bangladesh context effective use of ERM is highly recommended.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.227-241
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• 2010

A memory module industry's supply chain usually consists of multiple manufacturing sites and multiple distribution centers. In order to fulfill the variety of demands from downstream customers, production planners need not only to decide the order allocation among multiple manufacturing sites but also to consider memory module industrial characteristics and supply chain constraints, such as multiple material substitution relationships, capacity, and transportation lead time, fluctuation of component purchasing prices and available supply quantities of critical materials (e.g., DRAM, chip), based on human experience. In this research, a directed graph-based supply network planning (DGSNP) model is developed for memory module industry. In addition to multi-site order allocation, the DGSNP model explicitly considers production planning for each manufacturing site, and purchasing planning from each supplier. First, the research formulates the supply network's structure and constraints in a directed-graph form. Then, a proposed genetic algorithm (GA) solves the matrix form which is transformed from the directed-graph model. Finally, the final matrix, with a calculated maximum profit, can be transformed back to a directed-graph based supply network plan as a reference for planners. The results of the illustrative experiments show that the DGSNP model, compared to current memory module industry practices, determines a convincing supply network planning solution, as measured by total profit.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.655-663
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• 2021

This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework for determinants of spillover effects of FDI on technology innovation of Vietnamese enterprises. The research proposes a logistic regression model for assessing how enterprises' ability to implement technological innovation is affected by the presence of FDI enterprises as well as other factors that show the change through the indirect influence of FDI such as the size of the enterprise, the type of enterprise, and the skill level of the labor force or its research and development activities. Five forms of technology innovation are considered: improving production process; product quality improvement; product expansion; expanding business activities into a new field of production; and changing business activities into a new field of production. General Statistics Office of Vietnam provided survey data to collect information from 3,166 enterprises in the manufacturing and processing industry in Hanoi, which were valid for analysis. The results show that all variables of enterprise type, size, R&D, and industry have a positive impact on the selection of one of the innovation forms. Several recommendations are further suggested to take advantage of the positive effects and minimizing the negative effects of FDI for technological innovation of Vietnamese enterprises.