• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.155-173
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• 2022

본 연구의 노인영양지수 2021 (NQ-E 2021)은 노인의 식생활 관리 상태를 종합적, 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 선별 영양진단 도구로 노인영양전문가 뿐만 아니라 일반인들도 쉽게 이해할 수 있어서 다양하게 활용되도록 하는 데 목표를 두고 수행되었다. NQ-E 2015 체크리스트 항목을 기반으로 하고, 노인의 식행동과 영양섭취 관련 문헌, 국민건강영양조사 자료, 국가 영양 정책 및 권고사항, 전문가 대상 심층면접을 통해 식품섭취영역에서 15개 항목, 식행동·식습관 영역에서 14개 항목의 총 29개 항목을 파일럿 조사용 체크리스트로 우선 선정하였다. 노인 100명을 대상으로 파일럿 설문조사 후 전문가 의견과 탐색적 요인분석을 거쳐서 전국 단위조사용 체크리스트로 23개 항목을 도출하였다. 전국단위 조사는 6개 광역시를 기준으로 층화추출한 총 1,000명을 대상으로 대면 조사를 수행하고, 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하여 노인 영양지수 평가항목을 3개 요인 (균형, 절제, 실천)으로 분류하고, 확정적 요인분석을 통해 최종 17개 항목이 NQ-E 2021의 구조방정식 모형에 적합한 것으로 도출되었다. 노인영양지수의 영역별 가중치는 각각 균형 0.55, 절제 0.10, 실천 0.35로 수렴되었다. 각 영역별로, '균형' 영역은 과일 섭취, 우유 및 유제품 섭취, 생선이나 조개류 섭취, 달걀 섭취, 콩이나 콩제품 섭취, 견과류섭취, 전곡이나 잡곡류 섭취, 물 섭취 빈도의 8개 항목, '절제' 영역에는 단음료나 단 음식 섭취와 기름진 빵이나 스낵 과자류 섭취 빈도의 2개 항목, '실천' 영역에는 건강한 식생활을 하려는 노력, 유통기한이나 영양표시 확인, 식사 전 손 씻기, 음식을 씹는데 불편한 정도, 우울정도, 숙면, 건강에 대한 자각의 7개 항목이 포함되었다. 전국단위 조사대상자의 NQ-E 2021 평균 점수는 51.7점이었고, 영역별 평균 점수는 균형 44.9점, 절제 52.2점, 실천 62.1점이었다. 본 연구에서 개발한 노인영양지수 (NQ-E 2021)는 17개의 간단한 설문항목, 10분 정도의 시간으로 노인의 전반적인 식사의 질과 식행동이 양호한지를 판정할 수 있고, 균형, 절제, 실천 영역의 구체적인 등급도 확인할 수 있다. NQ-E 2021은 오프라인뿐만 아니라 웹 연동 온라인 컴퓨터 프로그램으로 제공되어 간편하게 사용할 수 있으므로, 노인 스스로 자신의 영양상태를 평가하거나 또는 영양전문가들이 지역사회 주민들의 대면과 비대면 영양관리 자료로 다양하게 활용하는 것이 기대된다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2022

농업기상재해 조기경보시스템에서 모의되는 농장 규모 풍속 예측자료의 추정오차를 개선하기 위해, 농촌진흥청 농업기상관측망의 2020년 1~12월 풍속 관측자료와 해당 지점에 대한 조기경보시스템 모의 풍속을 이용하여, 87지점 일 8시간대(00, 03, 06 … 21시) 각각 풍속 추정오차를 종속변수로, 추정풍속을 독립변수로 하는 일차 회귀식(Y=aX+b)을 도출하였다. 상관계수가 0.5를 초과하였을 때는 회귀식을 풍속 보정식으로 활용하고, 상관계수가 0.5 이하일 때는 회귀식 대신 해당 지점 및 시간대의 ME를 보정값으로 대체하였다. 풍속 모형을 전국적으로 적용할 수 있도록 87지점×8개 시간의 회귀계수 a와 b, 상관계수 R과 ME 값으로 거리역산가중법으로 공간내삽하여 250m 격자해상도의 분포도를 제작하였다. 모형의 검증을 위하여 회귀계수 a와 b, 상관계수 R과 ME 공간내삽 분포도로 부터 농산촌 지역 13개 기상관측지점의 격자값을 추출하고, 13곳의 2019년 1~12월의 조기경보시스템 모의 풍속(00, 03, 06 … 21시)를 보정한 다음, 기존 추정 풍속과 함께 추정오차를 비교하였다. 검증 지점 풍속의 평균 ME는 0.68m/s에서 보정 후 0.45m/s로 감소하였으며, 평균 RMSE는 1.30m/s에서 1.05m/s로 감소하였다. 조기경보시스템의 풍속은 전 시간대에서 모두 과대 추정되고 있는데, 보정 기법을 적용한 후에는 15시 경을 제외하고 모두 과대추정 경향이 감소하여 ME가 약 33%, RMSE는 19.2% 더 개선되었다. 농업기상재해 조기경보시스템에서 농작물의 풍해 위험 판단은 일 8회의 풍속 평균값으로부터 도출된 일 최대순간풍속을 기반으로 하는데, 풍속의 과대모의 현상을 개선하여 강풍 위험 경보의 오보를 감소시킬 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1992

내염성 수도 육종에 있어서 내염성정도의 표시로 생육량과 양이온함량을 선발의 지표로 이용할 수 있는가를 구명하기 위하여 내염성품종과 비내염성품종들의 모본, $F_1$, $F_2$ 식물에 염처리를 하여 생육량과 양이온함량을 조사하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공시된 벼 내염성품종들은 염의 농도가 높아갈 때 비내염성품종에 비하여 초장과 건물중의 감소가 적었다. 2. 내염성품종인 Pokkali, Annapurna는 비내염성품종인 wx817, 신설찰에 비하여 염처리시 $Na^{+}$ 함량이 적고, $K^{+}$함량이 많았으며 $Na^{+}$ / $K^{+}$비가 현저하게 낮았으나, $Ca^{++}$, M $a^{++}$함량은 뚜렷한 경향이 없었다. 3. 염처리시 초장, 분얼수, 건물중 등의 생육량은 $Na^{+}$함량, $Na^{+}$/ $K^{+}$비와 유의한 부의 상관을 보였고, $K^{+}$함량과는 정의 상관을 나타냈다. 그러나 $Ca^{++}$와 $Mg^{++}$함량은 생육량과 유의한 상관을 보이지 않았다. 따라서 $Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$함량 및 $Na^{+}$ / $K^{+}$비는 내염성정도를 표시하는 한가지 지표로서 이용 가능할 것으로 생각된다. 4. 염처리시 내염성품종과 비내염성품종 모두 얼자별 양이온함량은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 주간의 엽들은 상위엽에서 하위엽으로 내려갈수록 $Na^{+}$함량이 많아지고, $Na^{+}$ / $K^{+}$ 비가 높아지는 경향이었다. 5. 내염성품종인 Pokkali, Annapurna와 비내염성 품종인 wx817, wx126과의 $F_1$에서 염처리시 초장과 건물중 및 $K^{+}$함량, $Na^{+}$ / $K^{+}$ 비는 내염성 모본인 Pokkali와 유사하였으며, $Na^{+}$함량은 각 모본의 중간정도를 보여, 내염성은 비내염성에 대하여 우성으로 나타났다. 6. 내염성품종인 Pokkali와 비내염성품종인 wx817간의 $F_2$에서 염처리시 내염성 관련형질의 변이분포는 건물중과 초장, $Na^{+}$ 및 $K^{+}$함량, $Na^{+}$ / $K^{+}$비가 내염성모본인 Pokkali에 가깝게 분포하였다. 유전력은 형질별로 0.604～0.811 정도이었고, 조사형질간 유전상관 및 표현형상관은 대체로 고도로 유의한 상관관계를 보였다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.80-98
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 계절내-계절(Subseasonal to seasonal, S2S) 기후예측의 주별 예측 성능을 개선하기 위해서 딥러닝 기반의 후보정(post processing) 기술을 개발하였다. 그 첫 단계로, 일 최고, 최저기온과 일 강수를 목표 변수로, 자료의 특성과 분포에 적합한 자료 변환 및 특성 공학 기법을 규명하고자 하였다. 먼저, 6개 개별 기후모델의 S2S 예측 자료를 딥러닝 모델에 입력하기 위한 훈련자료로 변환하고, 이로부터 다중모델앙상블(Multi-Model Ensemble, MME) 기반 훈련자료를 구축하였다. 참값(label)으로는 ECMWF의 ERA5 재분석 자료를 사용하였다. 자료 변환 알고리즘은 최고 및 최저 차이를 계산하여 입력자료의 범위를 변형시키는 MinMax 및 MaxAbs 변환, 표준편차를 이용하는 Standard 변환 및 분위수를 지정하여 변형하는 Robust와 Quantile 변환으로 구성된 전처리 파이프라인을 구축하였으며, 변환된 훈련자료와 예측 변수와의 상관관계를 계산하여 순위에 따라 훈련자료의 특성을 선택하는 특성 선택 기법을 추가하였다. 본 연구는 U-Net 모델에 TimeDistributed wrapper를 모든 합성곱 층(convolutional layer)에 적용하여 활용하였다. 5개 알고리즘으로부터 변환된 6개 개별 기후모델 및 MME S2S 훈련자료(일 최고 및 최저기온, 강수)에 훈련 모델을 적용한 결과와 훈련 모델을 적용하지 않은 결과를 ERA5와의 공간상관계수(spatial Pattern Correlation Coefficient)를 계산하고 그 개선율인 기술 점수(skill score)를 평가한 결과, 일 강수의 PCC 기술 점수는 Standard 및 Robust 변환으로 처리된 것에서 전체 예측선행(1~4주)에 대해 모두 높았고, 일 최고 및 최저기온에서는 예측 선행시간 3~4주에서만 높게 나타났다. 또한, 일 강수에서 특성 선택에 따른 훈련자료의 차원 감소가 예측 성능 변화에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 일 최고 및 최저기온의 경우에는 특성 선택에 의한 훈련자료의 특성 정보 감소가 오히려 예측 성능을 저하시킬 수 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 원시자료에서 예측성이 높은 1~2주 기온 예측 개선을 위한 적합한 전처리 변환 알고리즘이나 특성 선택을 찾을 수 없었다. 후속 연구에서는 원시 예측 성능이 강수에 비해 높으나 딥러닝 훈련 모델에 의한 후보정 효과가 미미한 예측 선행 1~2주 기온 예측의 저조 원인에 대해 탐색하고, 다양한 딥러닝 훈련 모델로의 적용 및 초매개변수 조정 등 학습 과정의 최적화를 통해 S2S 기후 예측 성능을 개선하고자 한다.

• 지질공학
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.543-553
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• 2023

본 연구는 국내 산업원료 광물인 납석의 지속적이고 체계적인 개발과 안정적인 수급 관리를 위할 목적으로 국내 납석 광산 현황을 살펴보고 산업용 원료로써 그 활용 방안을 모색하기 위함이다. 국내 납석 광산은 대부분 중생대 화산암류가 열수변질을 받아 형성된 광상으로써, 납석의 주 구성 광물인 엽납석의 물리적 특성은 비중 2.65~2.90, 굳기 1~2, 밀도 1.60~1.80, 내화도 29 이상이며, 색은 보통 백색, 회색, 회백색, 회녹색, 황색, 황녹색을 띠는 것으로 나타났다. 국내 납석의 화학성분 중 SiO₂와 Al₂O₃는 엽납석의 경우 58.2~67.2%와 23.1~28.8%, 엽납석 + 딕카이트의 경우 49.2~72.6%와 16.5~31.0%, 엽납석 + 일라이트의 경우 45.1%와 23.3%, 일라이트의 경우 43.1~82.3%와 11.4~35.8%, 딕카이트의 경우 37.6~69.0%와 19.6~35.3%인 것으로 분석되었다. 국내 납석 광산의 분포는 한반도 남서부와 남동부 지역에 집중해서 분포하며, 그 외에 한반도 동북부 지역에도 일부 분포하는 것으로 조사되었다. 국내 납석 생산 광산은 21개이며, 매장량은 전남(45.6%) > 충북(30.8%) > 경남(13.0%) > 강원(4.8%), 경북(4.8%) 순으로 전남이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 국내 납석 생산량 상의 10개 광산은 중앙자원광산(37.9%) > 완도광산(25.6%) > 나주세라믹광산(13.4%) > 청석-사지원광산(5.4%) > 경주광산(5.0%) > 백암광산(5.0%) > 민경-노화도광산(3.3%) > 부곡광산(2.3%) > 진해납석광산(2.2%) > 보해광산 순인 것으로 분석되었다. 납석은 열전전도, 열팽창성, 열변형, 팽창계수, 부피밀도가 낮고, 내열성과 부식 저항성이 높으며, 살균 및 살충 효능이 우수한 성질이 있으므로 내화 재료, 도자기 재료, 시멘트 첨가제, 살균및 살충 제조재, 충전재 등 다양한 분야에 활용되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 납석은 수처리 세라믹 분리막 소재, 디젤엔지 배기가스 저감장치 세라믹 필터 소재, 그리고 유리섬유 및 LCD 패널 소재 등 활용범위가 첨단산업분야로까지 확대되는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제83권1호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2022

목적 요추 중심부 협착증(central lumbar spinal stenosis; 이하 CLSS)에 대하여 Lee grading system과 외과적 수술과의 상관관계를 평가하고 이것이 CLSS에 대하여 치료 방법을 정하기 위한 의사 결정 도구로 사용될 수 있는지 평가하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법 이 후향적 연구에는 290명의 환자가 포함되었다(남:여 = 156:134; 평균 연령, 46 ± 16세). 영상의학과 전문의들은 CLSS를 4등급으로 분류하는 Lee grading system에 따라 협착 지점에서 CLSS의 유무와 등급을 평가했다. Spearman 순위 상관관계를 사용하여 Lee의 등급과 수술 시행 여부 간의 상관 계수를 계산했다. 결과 수술을 시행한 환자에서 2등급이 가장 흔했고(50%-58%), 3등급이 다음으로 흔했으며(35%), 0등급이 가장 흔하지 않았다(2%-3%). 수술을 받지 않은 환자의 경우 1등급이 가장 흔했고(63%-65%), 0등급이 그 다음(15%-16%), 3등급이 가장 흔하지 않았다(8%). 등급 분포는 수술 치료군과 비수술 치료군 사이에서 유의하게 차이가 있었다(p < 0.001). 수술을 받은 환자의 25% 미만에서 0과 1등급이 있었던 반면 2등급과 3등급이 88% 이상이었다. 등급과 수술 사이에 중간 정도(moderate)의 상관관계가 있었다(r_s = 0.632 and r_s = 0.583). 결론 Lee grading system은 수술적 치료 시행과 중간 정도의 상관관계가 있었다. Lee grading system은 CLSS의 치료 방법 결정에서 유용하게 사용할 수 있다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.29-52
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• 2012

Consumers differ in the way they make a purchase. An audio mania would willingly make a bold, yet serious, decision to buy a top-of-the-line home theater system, while he is not interested in replacing his two-decade-old shabby car. On the contrary, an automobile enthusiast wouldn't mind spending forty thousand dollars to buy a new Jaguar convertible, yet cares little about his junky component system. It is product involvement that helps us explain such differences among individuals in the purchase style. Product involvement refers to the extent to which a product is perceived to be important to a consumer (Zaichkowsky, 2001). Product involvement is an important factor that strongly influences consumer's purchase decision-making process, and thus has been of prime interest to consumer behavior researchers. Furthermore, researchers found that involvement is closely related to perceived risk (Dholakia, 2001). While abundant research exists addressing how product involvement relates to overall perceived risk, little attention has been paid to the relationship between involvement and different types of perceived risk in an electronic commerce setting. Given that perceived risk can be a substantial barrier to the online purchase (Jarvenpaa, 2000), research addressing such an issue will offer useful implications on what specific types of perceived risk an online firm should focus on mitigating if it is to increase sales to a fullest potential. Meanwhile, past research has focused on such consumer responses as information search and dissemination as a consequence of involvement, neglecting other behavioral responses like online merchant selection. For one example, will a consumer seriously considering the purchase of a pricey Guzzi bag perceive a great degree of risk associated with online buying and therefore choose to buy it from a digital storefront rather than from an online marketplace to mitigate risk? Will a consumer require greater trust on the part of the online merchant when the perceived risk of online buying is rather high? We intend to find answers to these research questions through an empirical study. This paper explores the impact of enduring product involvement and perceived risks on required trust level, and further on online merchant choice. For the purpose of the research, five types or components of perceived risk are taken into consideration, including financial, performance, delivery, psychological, and social risks. A research model has been built around the constructs under consideration, and 12 hypotheses have been developed based on the research model to examine the relationships between enduring involvement and five components of perceived risk, between five components of perceived risk and required trust level, between enduring involvement and required trust level, and finally between required trust level and preference toward an e-tailer. To attain our research objectives, we conducted an empirical analysis consisting of two phases of data collection: a pilot test and main survey. The pilot test was conducted using 25 college students to ensure that the questionnaire items are clear and straightforward. Then the main survey was conducted using 295 college students at a major university for nine days between December 13, 2010 and December 21, 2010. The measures employed to test the model included eight constructs: (1) enduring involvement, (2) financial risk, (3) performance risk, (4) delivery risk, (5) psychological risk, (6) social risk, (7) required trust level, (8) preference toward an e-tailer. The statistical package, SPSS 17.0, was used to test the internal consistency among the items within the individual measures. Based on the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients of the individual measure, the reliability of all the variables is supported. Meanwhile, the Amos 18.0 package was employed to perform a confirmatory factor analysis designed to assess the unidimensionality of the measures. The goodness of fit for the measurement model was satisfied. Unidimensionality was tested using convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. The statistical evidences proved that the three types of validity were all satisfied. Now the structured equation modeling technique was used to analyze the individual paths along the relationships among the research constructs. The results indicated that enduring involvement has significant positive relationships with all the five components of perceived risk, while only performance risk is significantly related to trust level required by consumers for purchase. It can be inferred from the findings that product performance problems are mostly likely to occur when a merchant behaves in an opportunistic manner. Positive relationships were also found between involvement and required trust level and between required trust level and online merchant choice. Enduring involvement is concerned with the pleasure a consumer derives from a product class and/or with the desire for knowledge for the product class, and thus is likely to motivate the consumer to look for ways of mitigating perceived risk by requiring a higher level of trust on the part of the online merchant. Likewise, a consumer requiring a high level of trust on the merchant will choose a digital storefront rather than an e-marketplace, since a digital storefront is believed to be trustworthier than an e-marketplace, as it fulfills orders by itself rather than acting as an intermediary. The findings of the present research provide both academic and practical implications. The first academic implication is that enduring product involvement is a strong motivator of consumer responses, especially the selection of a merchant, in the context of electronic shopping. Secondly, academicians are advised to pay attention to the finding that an individual component or type of perceived risk can be used as an important research construct, since it would allow one to pinpoint the specific types of risk that are influenced by antecedents or that influence consequents. Meanwhile, our research provides implications useful for online merchants (both online storefronts and e-marketplaces). Merchants may develop strategies to attract consumers by managing perceived performance risk involved in purchase decisions, since it was found to have significant positive relationship with the level of trust required by a consumer on the part of the merchant. One way to manage performance risk would be to thoroughly examine the product before shipping to ensure that it has no deficiencies or flaws. Secondly, digital storefronts are advised to focus on symbolic goods (e.g., cars, cell phones, fashion outfits, and handbags) in which consumers are relatively more involved than others, whereas e- marketplaces should put their emphasis on non-symbolic goods (e.g., drinks, books, MP3 players, and bike accessories).

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1997

목 적 : 본 연구의 목적은 IPT 약역학 컴퓨터시뮬레이션을 이용하여 혈류공급량, 도파민 운반체량 그리고 시간의 함수인 혈류와 도파민 운반체의 민감도를 측정하고 간편화된 정적 영상을 얻을 수 있는가의 가능성과 그 경우 도파민 운반체량의 변화를 어느 정도 반영하는가를 측정하고자 하는 것이었다. 또한 실제 결합능을 나타낸다고 가정된 $k_3/k_4$의 비를 반영하는 (BG-OCC)/OCC와 (ABBG-ABOCC)/ABOCC의 비를 이용한 방법과 그래프적 분석 방법의 정확성 및 유용성과 방사성의약품의 약역학을 분석하는 기법을 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법 : [I-123]IPT와 SPECT로 얻은 약 2시간 동적 선조체 시간방사능곡선, 동적 피 시간방사능곡선, 그리고 삼구획 역학모형을 이용, $K_1,\;k_2\;k_3\;k_4$ 속도상수들을 획득하였다. 위의 동적 피 시간방사능곡선과 속도상수들 중 혈류공급과 관련된 $K_l$ 또는 도파민 운반체량과 관련된 $k_3$의 양을 변경하면서 5분부터 5분씩 증가하여 120분까지의 혈류와 도파민 운반체의 민감도를 측정하였다. 또한 $k_3$의 양을 변화시킨 데이터를 이용하여 선조체와 후두엽에서의 시간방사능곡선을 계산한 후 각 방법의 정밀도를 측정하기 위해 (BG-OCC)/OCC와 $R_A$ 비값들과 그래프적 분석 방법을 이용하여 구한 $R_A$값들과 참값 $k_3/k_4$의 관계를 시간방사능곡선과 선형회귀 분석으로 계산하였다. 결 과 : 선조체와 후두엽에서의 $K_1,\;k_2\;k_3\;k_4$ 속도상수는 각각 $1.26{\pm}5.41%,\;0.044{\pm}19.58%,\;0.031{\pm}24.36%,\;0.008{\pm}22.78%$와 $1.36{\pm}4.76%,\;0.170{\pm}6.89%,\;0.007{\pm}23.89%,\;0.007{\pm}45.09%$이었다. 이들 속도상수를 이용하여 얻은 혈류 민감도와 도파민 운반체의 민감도는 30분, 60분, 90분, 120분에 각각 0.50, 0.35, 0.29, 0.23 그리고 0.19, 0.40, 0.53, 0.61이었다. 실제 속도상수의 비 $k_3/k_4$에 대한 (BG-OCC)/OCC와 $R_A,\;R_v$간의 상관계수는 각각 0.983, 0.984, 0.999이었으며 그때의 기울기는 각각 1.76, 0.47, 1.25이었다. 결 론 : IPT 약역학은 시간이 흐름에 따라 혈류량의 변동에 비해 도파민 운반체량의 변동에 더욱 민감한 경향을 보였으며 $k_3/k_4$에 대한 (BG-OCC)/OCC, $R_A,\;R_v$의 결과간에 좋은 상관관계를 가졌다. 따라서 이러한 약역학 컴퓨터시뮬레이션이 SPECT 영상을 이용한 도파민 운반체 또는 수용체 정량분석을 최적화하는데 매우 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.115-124
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• 1968

1. 양마의 섬유중 단일반응성 엽형 경색 엽병색 삭과색에 관한 제형질에 대하여 개개의 질적형질의 유전 및 그들의 연소를 연구하였다. 량적형질의 유전은 통계유전학적방법을 이용하여 유전인자분석을 하였다. 또 이들 양적형질의 질적형질과의 연소 및 양적형질상호간의 연소를 조사하여 얻어진 지견을 응용하여 선발의 효과를 높이려고 하였다. 2. 본실험에는 양마의 품종 Dashkent, G38F-1의 1교잡을 사용하였다. Dshkent는 우리나라 재래품종으로 경색은 녹색이고 열핵엽형 녹색엽병색 개화일수는 10시간 단일처리하에서 106.9222일이고 호외 포장조건에서 105.8234일이었고 개체당 섬유중은 26.4922 gr였다. G38F-1은 Guatemala에서 도입하여 계통선발된 품종로서 적색경 수원엽형 적색엽병색 개화일수는 10시간단일처리하에서 62.3784일이고 호외포장조건에서 148.8921일였고 개체당 섬유중은 37.1591 gr.였다. 본교잡에 사용된 실험재료는 P, $P_2$, $F_2$, $F_2$, $BC_1$,($F_2$ ${\times}$ Dashkent), $BC_2$($F_2$ ${\times}$ G38F-1)의 각집단이며 1965년 수원작물시험장 포장에 재식하였다. 3. 엽형 엽병색 경색 삭과색 등 제형질의 유전은 수원엽형 녹색엽병 녹색경 녹색삭과등의 제인자가 단인자로서 그의 대립형질인 열각엽형 적색엽병 적색경 황색삭과에 대하여 각각 열성으로서 3:1의 Mendel성단순분리비를 나타내었다. 또 $F_1$과 열성형질과의 여교잡은 각각 1:1의 분리비가 인정되었다. 엽병색(G)과 엽형유전자(L)와의 조환가는 11.9565의 상인연소현상을 보였다. 삭과색(Y) 경색(R) 유전자간에는 어느것이나 연소현상이 보이지 않았다. 4. 단일반응성의 변이는 연소적이며 우성은 거의 인정되지 않았고 인자간의 상호작용도 인정되지 않았으며 상가적 유전을 보였다. 광의와 협의의 유전력은 각각 89.50%로서 실용적으로 대단히 높은 것으로 생각되었으며 단일반응성에 관여하는 유전자수는 2대의 인자로 추정하였고 다시 양친의 유전자형을 aabb AABB라고 측정하여 각인자의 작용가는 11.136일로 산출되었고 분해법에 의한 유전분석결과 유전자형의 관찰빈도분포와 이론빈도분포는 서로 잘 적합되었다. 단일반응성에 있어서 유전력이 대단히 높았으므로 비교적 초기세대에서 본 형질의 선발이 가능할 것 같았다. 5. 단일반응성과 엽형 및 엽병색 유전자와의 사이에 $F_2$, $BC_1$ 및 $BC_2$에서 각각 유의적인 상관관계를 볼 수 있었으므로 이들 형질간에 연소가 있는 것으로 인정되었다. 더욱 엽형과 엽병색과의 연소가 있는 것으로 인정되는 이상단일반응성 유전자와의 사이에 연소군이 인정된다. 6. 섬유중 유전자와 엽병색 및 엽형유전자와의 사이에 $F_2$$BC_1$ 및 $BC_2$에서 각각 유의적 상관관계를 볼 수 있었으므로 이를 형질간에 연소가 있는 것으로 인정되었다. 더욱 엽형과 엽병색과의 연소가 있는 것으로 인정되는 이상 섬유중 유전자와의 사이에 연소군이 인정된다. 7. 경장 경경 개화일수와 주당섬유중의 유전상관과 표현형상관에 있어서 전반적으로 표현형상관보다도 유전상관의 절대치가 크게되는 경향을 나타내었으며 식물체의 크기에 가장 밀접한 관계가 있는 경장 개화일수와 섬유중 형질상호간의 상관이 높은 치를 보였다. 8. 이상의 유전분석 결과 엽형 및 엽병색과 단일반응성경장 섬유중 형질간에는 연소 혹은 다면발현(pleiotropic effect)이 관여하는 것으로 이해하드라도 대과없는 것으로 생각되었고 양마에 있어서 고섬유중을 위한 선발은 엽병색 및 경장의 선발과 엽형 및 개화일수로서 선발을 함께 하면 그 효율이 높아질 것으로 믿어졌다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.