• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2008

Differently from BSCCO tapes which are fabricated by powder-in-tube method, the coated conductors are made by the evaporation of YBCO on metal substrate. Due to this structural merit, although the coated conductors are generally used for large current transportation, they are expected to be favorable to the purpose of the fault current limitation as well. In this study, using YBCO coated conductor having copper stabilizer formed by plating technique(produced by Superpower Co.), we investigated the over-current characteristics of the coated conductor. The coated conductors had 85 A $I_c$ and 90 K $T_c$. The resistance of the conductor was 0.93 $m{\Omega}/cm$ at 300 K and 0.17 $m{\Omega}/cm$ at the temperature right above $T_c$. To the coated conductors, we applied the voltages of the range from 150 $V_{rms}$ to 230 $V_{rms}$ and measured the V-I curves using four probe method. From the results, we could analyze the electric behavior of the coated conductor in flux flow state. As the current exceed $I_c$, the currents were distributed into the superconductor and metal stabilizer. The amounts of the currents shared through both current paths were calculated under the assumption that the ,Joule heating was perfectly eliminated by $LN_2$ surrounding the conductor. Finally, the condition for the stable current flowing state which does not affect the conductor was established from the analysis on the over-current characteristics.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.33.1-33.19
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• 2020

We tested how adjuvants effect in a cancer vaccine model using an epitope derived from an autoactivation loop of membrane-type protease serine protease 14 (PRSS14; loop metavaccine) in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-polyoma middle tumor-antigen (PyMT) system and in 2 other orthotopic mouse systems. Earlier, we reported that loop metavaccine effectively prevented progression and metastasis regardless of adjuvant types and TH types of hosts in tail-vein injection systems. However, the loop metavaccine with Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) reduced cancer progression and metastasis while that with alum, to our surprise, were adversely affected in 3 tumor bearing mouse models. The amounts of loop peptide specific antibodies inversely correlated with tumor burden and metastasis, meanwhile both T_H1 and T_H2 isotypes were present regardless of host type and adjuvant. Tumor infiltrating myeloid cells such as eosinophil, monocyte, and neutrophil were asymmetrically distributed among 2 adjuvant groups with loop metavaccine. Systemic expression profiling using the lymph nodes of the differentially immunized MMTV-PyMT mouse revealed that adjuvant types, as well as loop metavaccine can change the immune signatures. Specifically, loop metavaccine itself induces T_H2 and T_H17 responses but reduces T_H1 and T_reg responses regardless of adjuvant type, whereas CFA but not alum increased follicular T_H response. Among the myeloid signatures, eosinophil was most distinct between CFA and alum. Survival analysis of breast cancer patients showed that eosinophil chemokines can be useful prognostic factors in PRSS14 positive patients. Based on these observations, we concluded that multiple immune parameters are to be considered when applying a vaccine strategy to cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.31-55
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of verbal violence experience by employees on turnover intention and the mediating effect of customer-member exchange(CMX) and job satisfaction in local healthy family support center(HFSC). Additionally, the multi-group analysis and latent mean analysis showed varying results across working for general service and child-care service. For the purpose, study conducted a survey among all the employees at 56 local HFSC in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do Province. Of a total of questionnaires distributed, 319 were returned and analysed. The result of this study were as follows First, verbal violence experience by employees effected on CMX, CMX effected on job satisfaction, job satisfaction effected on turnover intention. Second, CMX and job satisfaction acceptance have statistically significant mediating effects between verbal violence experience and turnover intention. Third, as result of multi-group analysis, the structural relationship were no significant differences found in job position. In the latent means analysis, working for child-care service showed significantly higher latent mean values in verbal violence experience and CMX than general service. Based on the results, policy and practice implications of this study were discussed intervention with considerations given to the difference of the job position.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.170-186
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• 1993

This study evaluated the effect of diabetic group teaching programs in one university hospital in Seoul to predict when re-education would be needed. This study examined the patients’ knowledge at four points (before, directly after, three months and six months after the teaching program) and self-care performance related to diabetes twice (three months and six months after the teaching program). The subjects of the study were 24 admitted diabetic patients who participated in four-day teaching programs. Data were gathered from January to October, 1992 by means of an instrument developed from two diabetic knowledge tests which were equivalent in item differentiation and item discrimination coefficients. Collected data were analyzed by paired t-test, Pearson correlation, t and F tests. The results of study were as follows. 1. The analysis of the effect of the diabetic group teaching program and the duration of the effect of teaching. 1) The first hypothesis, that the diabetes knowledge score directly after the teaching program would be higher than before, was rejected (t=-1.40 ; p=.172). 2) The second hypothesis, that the diabetes knowledge score directly after teaching would be higher than three months later, was rejected(t= -4.27 ; p=.000). 3) The third hypothesis, that the diabetes knowledge score three months after teaching would be higher than six months later, was supported(t=2.43 : p=.020). 2. The relation of knowledge and self-care performance 1) The forth hypothesis, that the level of self-care performance related to diabetes three months later would be higher than six months later, was rejected( t=1.49 ; p=.146). 2) The fifth hypothesis, that the higher the diabetes knowledge, the higher the level of self-care performance, was rejected(r=.2086 ; p=.118). 3. The relation of diabetes knowledge and self-care performance according to demographic variables and structural variables of diabetes. 1) Diabetic knowledge scores varied according to the educational levels of the clients directly after the teaching. Three months after the teaching program higher educational levels and higher economic status were related to higher diabetic knowledge scores and men had higher knowledge scores than women. 2) Self-care performance scores of men were higher than those of women at three months and six months after the teaching program. 3) Before the diabetes teaching, the diabetic knowledge scores of subjects who had a diabetic patient in the family were higher than those who did not have patient in their family. Six months after the teaching, the diabetic knowledge scores of subjects who read the distributed books about diabetes were higher than those who did not read them. 4) No significance differences were found be-ween self-care performance and structural variables of dialetes. The results of this study indicated that the levels of diabetes knowledge and self-care performance incense of three months after the teaching program but decrease of six months. Reeducation would be needed between three and sir months. The investigator thinks that a study of the content and teaching methodology is needed to increase the education effect. The subjects want to hear patient histories of diabetic management. Group discussion would be helped after the teaching sessions.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2016

Purpose - This study aims to advance our knowledge about factors influencing technical startup performance through analysing technical startup process empirically. This study was conducted to focus on industry structure(industry growth rate, competitive intensity, and enter barriers), technology characteristics(technical excellence and wide range of technical application), and the performance in the technology-based start-ups. Specifically, analyzing moderating effect of technology-marketing strategy, this studied how moderating variables affect technical startup performance under industry structure. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject of this study was technology-based start-ups company that received technology transfer from public organization. The development of the paper model is based on the literature of the preceding research analysis in technology commercialization, performance of technology-based start-ups, and marketing strategy. This study has a construct that was defined in the previous studies, such that technology marketing strategy was defined into the two ways of being broad or narrow in strategic application. From November 3. 2015 to December 22, 220 questionnaires were distributed with targeting to start-up companies in technology-based. 188 responses were collected for empirical analysis except the missing and wrong value responses. This data were used for structural equation modeling and regression analysis. Results - The results of this study are as follows. First, as industry structure variables influencing on performance(technical, financial) of technology-based start-ups, industry growth rate, competitive intensity and enter barriers of variables were verified; high growth rate has more positive effect on performance than low growth rate, competitive low intensity has more positive effect on performance than competitive high intensity, low enter barriers have more positive effect on performance than high enter barriers. Second, as technology characteristics variables influences on the performance(technical, financial) of technology-based start-ups, technical excellence and wide range of technical application of variables were verified ; technical high-excellence has more positive effect on performance than technology low-excellence, wide range of technical application has more positive effect on performance than narrow range of technical application. We also find that technology marketing strategy(broad/narrow) in moderating factors on performance (technical, financial) is as follows. Analyzing the moderating effect depending on technology marketing strategy(broad/narrow), application of technology, and the types of technology strategy(broad/narrow) were revealed that broad marketing strategy had a more significant effect on performance of technology-based start-ups. With AMOS, the relevancy of the study model revealed higher for broad technology-marketing strategy than narrow technology marketing strategy, and the explanatory power revealed to be 6.4% higher in broad marketing strategy than narrow marketing strategy. Conclusions - This study confirmed that industry structure and technology characteristics are important factors influencing the performance of technology-based start-ups. Technology-marketing strategy affects the performance of technology-based start-ups between industry structure and technology characteristics. According to additional analysis, moderating variables and technology-marketing strategy are important factors influencing the performance of technology-based start-ups under industry structure and technology characteristics. Broad type of technology-marketing strategy has more attractive industry structure and excellent technology characteristics than narrow types of technology-marketing.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.179-193
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• 1994

In the development of engineering designs, decisions are required irrespective of the state of completeness and quality of information, and are formulated under conditions of uncertainty. Furthermore, under conditions of uncertainty the design invokes risks. Thus, in the design of the structures, the currently used deterministic design method does not provide a realistic assessment of the actual safety or the reliability of the structures. It is desirable that decisions required in The process of the design invariably must be made based on the reliability analysis. Properties of soil material are subject to more uncertainty than those of other structural material. In the field of soil mechanics and foundation engineering, it needed to develop reliability-based design methods. In order to simplify the reliability analysis or the reliability-based design process of the structures associated with the active earth pressure, it is necessary to find the variation and the distribution type of the active earth pressure calculated from the basic properties of soils. Monte Carlo simulation is performed to obtain the relationship between the variation of the active earth pressure for cohessionless soils calculated by using Rankine formula and the basic soil properties and the distribution type of the earth pressure. A series of regression equations obtained by utilizing the multi-linear regression analysis is suggested in this paper and the sensitivity of the basic soil properties to the variation of The earth pressure is investigated. The type of distribution of the active earth pressure was found to be the beta distribution in most cases or to be very similar to the beta distribution, if the basic soil variables are normally distributed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.41-50
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• 2013

Purpose - Inducing consumers' behavioral intent to use an outlet shopping center is a critical issue for managers since it can be used as a guide for developing marketing strategies. Low prices could lead to a growth in retail purchases, but there might also be a positive relationship between prices and customer perceptions of product quality. The extent to which consumers use price as a predictor of quality may differ according to the availability of important alternative cues such as brand, store name, and identity salience triggered by the store. Consumers can obtain non-economic benefits from marketing exchanges that go beyond basic economic achievement. We argue that identity salience can play a crucial mediating role when consumers, acting as exchange partners, seek to obtain social benefits. This study shows that identity salience could mediate the relationship between identity salience-inducing factors such as multi-finality, prestige and role performance, and consumers' behavioral intent to use an outlet shopping center. Research design, data and methodology - The survey was conducted on college students enrolled in marketing classes. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed, of which only 194 were returned. After five incomplete questionnaires were excluded, a final sample of 189 was used for empirical analysis. Using a covariance structural analysis in Amos17, we confirmed the fit of the research model and estimated its parameters by using the maximum likelihood method. Results - The results of the hypotheses testing are as follows. First, both identity salience and economic benefits have positive effects on the behavioral intent to use an outlet shopping center. Second, role performance, prestige, and multi-finality have positive effects on identity salience. Finally, the additive analysis of the direct effects of identity salience-inducing factors shows that the role performance, prestige, and multi-finality factors have no direct effects on the behavioral intent to use an outlet shopping center, suggesting that identity salience plays a positive mediating role. Conclusions - This study informs marketers that not only price but shoppers' identity salience directly affects their intent to visit an outlet shopping center. To strengthen shoppers' identity salience, marketers should find ways to help shoppers fulfill their multiple social roles, realize their multiple goals, and achieve prestige. In other words, outlet shopping centers must improve their personal service environment in order to enhance their employees' service quality and assist the execution of multi-finality by minimizing the perceived costs (e.g., travel time, effort) associated with shopping trips, thus making it easier for consumers to combine visits to multiple stores in outlet shopping centers and buy the items required for their consumption goals. Outlet shopping centers must also offer assortments with both breadth and depth in order to help consumers play the social roles their social networks have given them.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1155-1172
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• 2009

Wearable computers can be defined as next generation clothing integrated with various digital functions and devices. Unlike existing computers, they are viewed as human-centric computers customized for information utilization and other specific human needs. This study is intended to discover how consumers are accepting wearable computers, which are different from existing computers, based on Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) and to extend the model by adding variable regarding acceptance of wearable computers. A total of 683 copies of questionnaires, distributed to those aged 19 and older, both male and female, were collected online. The data was statistically analyzed for this study using the extended TAM. In order to test hypotheses, the structural equation model using the Lisrel 8.30 version was performed. For analyzing constructs(or traits) of research model, exploratory factor was conducted and the measurement model was assessed from the result. Reliability was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis and the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Overall, model fit was assessed by statistical indexes: Chi-square value, GFI, AGFI, and RMR. This study analyzed the process of acceptance of wearable computers with the extended TAM that includes a variable, perceived value, on the basis of previous studies. The results of the analysis revealed that attitude toward wearable computer was directly influenced by perceived usefulness and perceived value but indirectly influenced by perceived ease of use. Acceptance intention of the wearable computer was directly influenced by perceived value and attitude toward wearable computer. To be more specific, perceived usefulness was significantly correlated with both attitude toward wearable computer and acceptance intention of the wearable computer. Perceived value was also significantly correlated with both attitude toward wearable computer and acceptance intention of the wearable computer. The results of this study also suggested that perceived ease of use was actually a causal antecedent to perceived usefulness and perceived value. This research revealed that extended TAM to investigate the acceptance of wearable computer was appropriate. This study is intended to provide a theoretical framework for adoption of wearable computer and suggest empirical analysis that can serve as a guide for wearable computer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.594-600
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• 2021

Curved beam structures are generally used as components in structures such as railroad bridges and vehicles. The stability analysis of curved beams has been studied by a large number of researchers. Due to the complexities of structural components, it is difficult to obtain an analytical solution for any boundary conditions. In order to overcome these difficulties, the differential quadrature method (DQM) has been applied for a large number of cases. In this study, DQM was used to solve the complicated partial differential equations for buckling analysis of curved beams. The governing differential equation was deduced and solved for beams subjected to uniformly distributed radial loads. Critical loads were calculated with various opening angles, boundary conditions, and parameters. The results of the DQM were compared with exact solutions for available cases, and the DQM gave outstanding accuracy even when only a small number of grid points was used. Critical loads were also calculated for the in-plane inextensional buckling of the asymmetric curved beams, and two theories were compared. The study of a beam with extensibility of the arch axis shows that the effects on the critical loads are significant.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.557-579
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• 2021

Collective energy is an intermediate stage in energy conversion and has a great influence on the power structure as a distributed power source. However, the problem of the collective energy business has recently emerged due to the worsening profitability of some collective energy operators. This study measured the technical efficiency of major operators through the estimation of the production efficiency of Korean collective energy operators, and based on this, we looked at ways to improve the profit structure of operators. After collecting detailed data from 16 collective energy operators between 2016 and 2019, the production efficiency of operators was estimated using the panel stochastic frontier model. As a result of the estimation, combined steam power operators showed the highest production efficiency and reverse CHP operators showed the lowest efficiency. Furthermore, as a result of examining the factors influencing profitability, it was confirmed that production efficiency has a positive effect on overall profitability. However, businesses with a high proportion of heat production, such as small district electricity operators, profitability was lower. This phenomenon is due to the structural limitations of the current heat sales market. Hence, the adjustment of the heat sales unit price is necessary to improve profitability of collective energy operators.