• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2023

This paper investigates the dynamic response of a functionally graded material (FGM) coated half-plane excited by distributed time harmonic loading. Three types of typical distributed surface loads, including uniform load, Hertz load, and square-root singular load, are considered. The mass density and elastic modulus of the FGM coating are supposed to be described by the exponential function. The material damping is modelled by a linearly hysteretic damping which is expressed by a complex modulus in the time harmonic motion. Using Fourier integral transform technique and numerical integral method, the effects of the excitation frequency, gradient index, damping, and load type on the dynamic stresses and displacements are discussed.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.543-548
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• 2015

최근 소셜 미디어의 성장과 디지털 기기의 활용이 증가함에 따라 기하급수적으로 데이터가 급증하고 있다. 기존 디스크 기반 분산 파일 시스템은 I/O 처리 비용 및 병목 현상으로 인해 데이터 처리나 데이터 접근 성능에 한계가 발생한다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 메모리에 데이터를 관리하는 캐시 기법이 활용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 분산 메모리 환경에서 부하 분산을 처리하기 위한 캐시 관리 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 노드의 메모리의 크기가 서로 상이한 환경에서 메모리 크기에 따라 데이터를 분배하고 노드의 부하가 발생할 경우 핫 데이터를 재분배한다. 또한, 캐시 항목의 재사용 가능성, 사용 빈도수, 접근 시간을 고려한 캐시 교체 기법을 제안한다. 성능 평가를 통해 제안하는 분산 캐시 기법이 기존에 캐시 관리 기법에 비해 우수함을 입증한다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.551-560
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• 2017

The present study proposes an angle droop controller for converter interfaced (dispatchable) distributed generation (DG) resources in the islanded mode of operation. Due to the necessity of proper real and reactive power sharing between different types of resources in microgrids and the ability of systems to respond properly to abnormal conditions (sudden load changes, load uncertainty, load current disturbances, transient conditions, etc.), it is necessary to produce appropriate references for all of the mentioned above conditions. The proposed control strategy utilizes a current controller in addition to an angle droop controller in the discrete time domain to generate appropriate responses under transient conditions. Furthermore, to reduce the harmonics caused by switching at converters' output, a LCL filter is used. In addition, a comparison is done on the effects that LCL filters and L filters have on the performance of DG units. The performance of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated for multi islanded grids with various types of loads and conditions through simulation studies in the DigSilent Power Factory software environment.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.506-512
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• 2005

부하재분배 방법은 컴퓨터시스템에서 중요한 요소이다. 수신자 개시 부하재분배 알고리즘에서는 전체 시스템이 저부하일 때 수신자(저부하 프로세서)가 부하를 이전 받기 위해 송신자(과부하 프로세서)를 발견할 때까지 불필요한 이전 요청 메시지를 계속 보내게 된다. 따라서 이 같은 상황에서는 과부하 상태인 송신자 프로세서로부터 승인 메시지를 받기까지 불필요한 프로세서간 통신으로 인하여 프로세서의 이용률이 저하되고, 타스크 처리율이 낮아지는 문제점이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 유전알고리즘을 기반으로 하여 자기조절 능력을 포함토록 한 이질형 분산 시스템에서의 동적 부하재분배 접근 방법을 제안한다. 이 기법에서는 불필요한 요청 메시지를 줄이기 위해 요청 메시지가 전송될 프로세서들이 제안된 유전 알고리즘에 의해 결정된다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.476-484
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• 2009

This paper deals with improvements to the special protection schemes (SPS) which have been applied to the low probability and high impact contingencies in the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) system since 2004. Among them, the SPS for voltage instability in the Seoul metropolitan area is considered in this paper, and is a form of event-based undervoltage load shedding with a single-step scheme. Simulation results based upon a recent event that occurred on 765kV lines show that the current setting values of the SPS have to be revised and enhanced. In addition, by applying response-based multi-step undervoltage load shedding (UVLS) schemes to severe contingencies in the system, more effective results than those of the existing single-step SPS can be obtained. Centralized and distributed UVLS schemes are considered in the simulation. ULTC-based load recovery models and over excitation limiters (OXL) for the KEPCO system are also included in the long-term voltage instability studies.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2020

A stress analysis was performed to verify the stability of the digging part of a garlic harvester. A finite element analysis was performed to examine the distribution and concentrated loads on the digging part of the blade and contact plate. Moreover, the stability and maximum deformation of the digging part were determined. Under a distributed load, the maximum principal stress, total deformation, and minimum safety factor ranged from 64-128 MPa, 0.35-0.70 mm, and 2.9-5.7, respectively. The analysis results for the distribution load indicated that the maximum stress occurred at the center of the blade. In contrast, under the concentrated load, the maximum principal stress, total deformation, and minimum safety factor ranged from 66-247 MPa, 0.35-0.79 mm, 1.48-5.53, respectively. The analysis results for the concentrated load indicated that stress and deformation were larger toward the edge and center, respectively.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권6호
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• pp.541-554
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• 2023

An unbraced cantilever beam subjected to loads which cause bending about the major axis may buckle in a flexuraltorsional mode by deflecting laterally and twisting. For the efficient design of these structures, design engineers require a simple accurate equation for the elastic flexural-torsional buckling load. Existing solutions for the flexural-torsional buckling of cantilever beams have mainly been derived by numerical methods which are tedious to implement. In this research, an attempt is made to derive a theoretical equation by the energy method using different buckled shapes. However, the results of a finite element flexural-torsional buckling analysis reveal that the buckled shapes for the lateral deflection and twist rotation are different for cantilever beams. In particular, the buckled shape for the twist rotation also varies with the section size. In light of these findings, the finite element flexural-torsional buckling analysis was then used to derive simple accurate equations for the elastic buckling load and moment for cantilever beams subjected to end point load, uniformly distributed load and end moment. The results are compared with previous research and it was found that the equations derived in this study are accurate and simple to use.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.395-411
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to examine the clear concept of the designs for cavity preparations. Among the several parameters in cavity designs, profound understanding of isthmus width factor would facilitate selection of the appropriate cavity preparation for a specific clinical situation. In this study, the cavities were prepared on maxillary first premolar and filled with gold inaly. A two - dimensional model was composed of 1037 - node triangle elements. In this model, isthmus was varied in width at 1/4, 1/3 and 1/2 of intercuspal width and material properties were given for four element groups, i.e., enamel, dentin, pulp and gold. The 500N occlusal load varied in direction and it was examined using three types of load : concentrated load, divided load and distributed load. The models were also examined with empty cavities using the devided load and distributed load. These models were analyzed the displacement and strees distribution by the two - dimensional Finite Element Method. The results were as follows : 1. All experimental models which filled with gold inlay after cavity preparation were similar direction of displacement with control model under same load type. But in the models with empty cavities, as isthmus width was wider, the degree of displacement was increased at same load type. 2. Among the experimental models which were filled with gold inaly after cavity preparation, the model II showed the least stress concentration under concentrated load and divided load. But in the models with empty cavities, the model III showed the largest stress concentration and tooth fracture is expected regardless isthmus width. 3. All experimental models showed similar displacement pattern beneath restorative material under a concentrated load. In the models with empty cavities, a divided load resulted in a lingual displacement of the lingual cusp, but a distributed load resulted in a buccal displacement of the lingual cusp. In regard to the above results, the restored models were stronger than empty models in respect to the bending moment and tensile stress. The empty models are expected to fracture regardless isthmus width. The safest isthmus width was 1/3 of intercuspal distance, which showed the least stress concentration in respect to the effect of stress distribution.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.689-697
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• 2018

This paper presents a model of the elastic curve for rectangular beams with straight haunches under uniformly distributed load and moments in the ends considering the bending and shear deformations (Timoshenko Theory) to obtain the deflections and rotations on the beam, which is the main part of this research. The traditional model of the elastic curve for rectangular beams under uniformly distributed load considers only the bending deformations (Euler-Bernoulli Theory). Also, a comparison is made between the proposed and traditional model of simply supported beams with respect to the rotations in two supports and the maximum deflection of the beam. Also, another comparison is made for beams fixed at both ends with respect to the moments and reactions in the support A, and the maximum deflection of the beam. Results show that the proposed model is greater for simply supported beams in the maximum deflection and the traditional model is greater for beams fixed at both ends in the maximum deflection. Then, the proposed model is more appropriate and safe with respect the traditional model for structural analysis, because the shear forces and bending moments are present in any type of structure and the bending and shear deformations appear.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1261-1268
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• 2013

This study proposes a voltage and reactive coordinative control strategy with distributed generator (DG) in a distribution power system. The aim is to determine the optimum dispatch schedules for an on-load tap changer (OLTC), distributed generator settings and all shunt capacitor switching on the load and DG generation profile in a day. The proposed method minimizes the real power losses and improves the voltage profile using squared deviations of bus voltages. The results indicate that the proposed method reduces the real losses and voltage fluctuations and improve receiving power factor. This paper proposes coordinated voltage and reactive power control methods that adjust optimal control values of capacitor banks, OLTC, and the AVR of DGs by using a voltage sensitivity factor (VSF) and dynamic programming (DP) with branch-and-bound (B&B) method. To avoid the computational burden, we try to limit the possible states to 24 stages by using a flexible searching space at each stage. Finally, we will show the effectiveness of the proposed method by using operational cost of real power losses and voltage deviation factor as evaluation index for a whole day in a power system with distributed generators.