• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.6 no.6
• /
• pp.1565-1585
• /
• 2012

The characteristics of ad hoc networks, such as the absence of infrastructure, a dynamic topology, a shared wireless medium and a resource-constrained environment pose various security challenges. Most previous studies focused on the detection of misbehavior after it had occurred. However, in this paper we propose a new way of thinking to evade the occurrence of misbehavior. In our scheme, we firstly present a clustering algorithm that employs a powerful analytic hierarchy process methodology to elect a clusterhead for each cluster. The clusterhead in each cluster is then allowed to assign the backoff values to its members, i.e., originators, rather than permitting the originators to choose the backoff values by themselves. Through this media access control layer misbehavior detection mechanism, the misuse of the backoff in the media access control layer in the 802.11 distributed coordination function can be detected.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.118-124
• /
• 2000

Zn-resistant Methylosobacterium strains were isolated from several non-polluted soil samples collected in all over Japan. Zn-resistant Methylosobacterium strains were predominantly detected in all soil samples and they were also characterized as a UV-tolerant bacteria. The MIC test revealed that the isolates have high zinc resistance in comparison with that of reference Methylosobacterium strains obtained from culture collections. The 16S rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis showed that all strains were divided into two clusters designated as cluster A and cluster B in the present study. All isolates were distributed only in the cluster A. The phylogenetic clustering also well coincided with the differences in the pattern of carbon source utilization.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 2004

As the usage of wireless LAN becomes common in working environment, the number of database systems that support both wired and wireless users increases rapidly. The characteristics of wireless LAN that its speed is slow relatively comparing to wired network and the users in its environment connects to different communication points as they moves creates another challenge to be resolved in database systems. In the environment of hybrid communication systems, wired and wireless for voluminous data amount and a number of users, the two layer architecture of the conventional client-server database systems has limitation in the system performance. This is due to that server is the only point of data service in client-server database systems. In this paper, we discuss a new extended database system architecture that data services are distributed among servers and clients based on user database access patterns in order to improve system performance. We analyze the expected system performance by using simulation technique and prove the practical utilization of the system by demonstrating experimental results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2018.07a
• /
• pp.145-146
• /
• 2018

중앙 집중적인 단일 컨트롤러를 이용할 경우 메시지 과부하로 인해 응답이 지연될 수 있으므로 스위치들이 기존의 컨트롤러를 대신하여 새로운 컨트롤러와 연결되어 트래픽을 처리하는 다중 컨트롤러가 효율적이다. 본 논문에서는 SDN 분산 컨트롤러에서 일관성 문제를 해결하기 위해 우선순위에 기반을 둔 향상된 인공벌 군집(ABC) 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.68-73
• /
• 2018

In recent years, the utilization of the WSN have been rapid. Energy consumption of these networks must be as low as possible. LEACH algorithm is one of the clustering technique. We modify the traditional LEACH algorithm in such way that it will be capable to self-organize large number of nodes and for saving communication resources such as processing time and initiation time. The efficiency of the network highly depends on how the algorithm divides cluster area and selects cluster head. The proposed algorithm can be evaluated through the extensive simulation the result we obtained shows that the life time of a network is increased when energy load is distributed equally among the sensor.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2000.07d
• /
• pp.2965-2967
• /
• 2000

다양한 인터넷 응용 프로그램들이 웹 기반으로 통합되고 여러 방면에서 business-critical한 경우가 많아짐에 따라 웹서버의 고가용성과 안정성이 갈수록 강조되고 있고. 이를 보장하기 위한 리눅스 기반의 클러스터링 환경에서는 다양한 조건하에서도 데이터의 손실 없이 파일 입출력을 효과적으로 지원할 수 있는 분산 파일 시스템이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 리눅스 클러스터 환경에 적합한 분산 파일 시스템의 하나로서 카네기 멜론 대학에서 제안되어 개발 중에 있는 네트워크 분산 파일 시스템인 Coda 에 대하여. 가용성 및 효율성, 확장성 등에 대한 장단점을 간단히 소개하고, Coda을 적용한 고가용성 웹 서버의 구현 결과와 향후 개선 방향에 대해서 설명하도록 하겠다.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.205-212
• /
• 2007

Anoxygenic photosynthesis, performed primarily by anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (APB), has been supposed to arise on Earth more than 3 billion years ago. The long established APB are distributed in almost every corner where light can reach. However, the relationship between APB phylogeny and source environments has been largely unexplored. Here we retrieved the pufM sequences and related source information of 89 pufM containing species from the public database. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) most likely occurred within 11 out of a total 21 pufM subgroups, not only among species within the same class but also among species of different phyla or subphyla. A clear source environment feature related phylogenetic distribution pattern was observed, with all species from oxic habitats and those from anoxic habitats clustering into independent subgroups, respectively. HGT among ancient APB and subsequent long term evolution and adaptation to separated niches may have contributed to the coupling of environment and pufM phylogeny.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.397-410
• /
• 2016

This paper proposes a novel cooperative localization method for distributed wireless networks in 3-dimensional (3D) global positioning system (GPS) denied environments. The proposed method, which is referred to as hybrid ellipsoidal variational algorithm (HEVA), combines the use of non-parametric belief propagation (NBP) and variational Bayes (VB) to benefit from both the use of the rich information in NBP and compact communication size of a parametric form. InHEVA, two novel filters are also employed. The first one mitigates non-line-of-sight (NLoS) time-of-arrival (ToA) messages, permitting it to work well in high noise environments with NLoS bias while the second one decreases the number of calculations. Simulation results illustrate that HEVA significantly outperforms traditional NBP methods in localization while requires only 50% of their complexity. The superiority of VB over other clustering techniques is also shown.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.7 no.10
• /
• pp.3098-3104
• /
• 2000

This paper defiens a perceptron-like self-organizing map(PSOM) and show that PSOM is equivalent to Kohonen's self-organizing map(SOM) if target values of output neurons of PSOM are selected properly. This fact imphes that PSOM is a generalized SOM algorithm. This paper also show that if clustering is restricted to vector sets distributed on hypersphere with unit radius, SOM and dot-product SOM(DOSM) are equivalent algorithms. Therefore we conclude that DSOM is a special case of SOM, which in turn a special, case of PSOM.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.209-212
• /
• 2002

최근 인터넷이 발달하면서 TCP/IP 프로토콜 기반의 분산 클러스터환경의 구축이 가능해졌다. 이렇게 서로 다른 네트워크를 통해 연결된 분산 클러스터 시스템에서는 기존의 클러스터 시스템과는 다르게 네트워크의 지연이나 노드의 결함 등에 유연히 대처해야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 인터넷 기반의 분산 클러스터 환경에서 메시지 전달방식을 이용한 고성능 클러스터 컴퓨팅 작업 시 네트워크나 노드의 결함에 효과적으로 대처할 수 있도록 중복된 작업할당 기법을 통한 결함 허용 기법을 제시한다. 중복된 작업할당 기법을 적용하기 위해 Send, GSS, WF 와 같은 기존의 부하 공유 알고리즘에 대한 공통적인 스케줄러를 설계하였으며, 이 스케줄러를 이용한 TDS_for_FT 알고리즘을 작성하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 중복된 작업할당 기법이 효과적임을 보이기 위하여 게이트웨이를 통해 연결된 두 개의 네트워크를 구성하여 분산 PC클러스터 환경을 구축하고, PVM을 이용한 행렬의 곱셈 프로그램을 통하여 실험하였다. 클러스터를 구성하는 임의의 한 노드에 일정시간의 delay 를 적용한 결과, 중복된 작업할당 기법을 통하여 결함허용성 보장이 가능함을 보였다.