• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2013

본 고는 신호교차로 영향권에서 수행되는 도로점용공사가 유발하는 신호교차로의 정지선에서의 유출 가능량, 다시 말해 포화교통류율의 변화를 산정하여 해당 접근 차로군의 용량을 계산할 수 있는 해석적 모형의 개발에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 해석적 모형이 가진 설명력의 간결함과 산정 정확도를 제고하기 위하여 선행연구의 모형논리를 크게 바꾸고 상당한 수정을 가하였다. 또 모형의 검증을 위해서 많은 노력이 보태졌는데, 다양한 미시 모의실험 결과와의 비교 뿐만 아니라 실제 공사현장에서 수집된 많은 자료를 바탕으로 하는 현장 대표 값들과의 비교 등이 수행되었다. 포화교통류율은 도로점용공사의 위치, 정지선과 공사구간과 이격거리, 개방 및 폐쇄 차로 수, 유효녹색시간 등에 상당히 민감하게 변화한다는 것이 확인되었으며, 공사현장의 특성을 구성하는 그와 같은 기하구조 및 신호운영관련 조건 등을 변수로 하는 제안 모형들은 아주 적은 오차 범위 내에서 성공적으로 포화교통류율을 산정해 낼 수 있음을 보여 주었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제37권12호
• /
• pp.1445-1452
• /
• 2013

본 논문에서는 단안 카메라를 이용하여 사람과 로봇(카메라)간의 상대위치를 실시간으로 추정하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. HOG(기울기 히스토그램) 특징벡터와 SVM(서포트 벡터 머신) 분류기를 이용하여 사람의 두부 및 어깨영역을 검출한다. 검출된 영역의 크기와 위치를 이용하여 사람과 로봇(카메라)간의 상대 위치 및 각도를 계산한다. 또한 알고리즘 수행속도를 향상시키기 위하여 본 논문에서는 NVIDIA의 GPU와 CUDA 라이브러리를 사용하였다. 그 결과 알고리즘 수행속도는 초당 15 프레임의 영상데이터를 처리할 수 있다. 알고리즘의 정확도 비교를 위해서 SICK 레이저 스캐너 출력과 비교하였다.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 2002

Measuring the depth of water is very important in ensuring the protection and safety of seaside. There are many difficulties in making the contour bathymetric map, and contour line due to the limitation of continuous measurement of water depth and collimation with the conventional measuring and positioning methods. But the real-time kinematic GPS (RTK GPS) positioning using a carrier phase enables us to decide a precise position without breaking a signal even under the condition of a moving environment. It is also possible to obtain an accurate depth of water in real time with a fathometer through the measuring of time delay between sending and receiving epochs. This research aims at investigation of accuracy potential of RTK GPS in combination with Echo Sounder(E/S) for the coastal mapping. Apart from this purpose, the accuracy of ambiguity resolution with the OTF(On the Fly) method was tested with respect to the initialization time. The result shows that the accuracy is better than 1cm with 5-minute initialization in the distance of 10km baseline. The seaside topography was measured by the RTK GPS only, on the other hand the seafloor topography was surveyed in combination of RTK GPS and E/S. Comparing to the volume of seaside measured by RTK GPS and digital topographical map, the difference of only 2 % was achieved. This indicates that the coastal mapping with RTK GPS is successfully conducted. In addition it is also demonstrated that the 3-dimensional perspective model resulted from the undersea topography measured by RTK GPS and E/S is very close to that from the digital map. Through this study, it was verified that RTK GPS is to be very useful method in the analysis of coastal morphology owing to its capability of getting the precise DTM for the using of harbor reclamation, dredging, and the estimation of soil movement in a river.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2002

Remote sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object, area or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact with the object, area, or phenomenon under investigation./sup 1)/ EOC (Electro -Optical Camera) sensor loaded on the KOMPSAT-1 (Korea Multi- Purpose Satellite-1) performs the earth remote sensing operation. EOC can get high-resolution images of ground distance 6.6m during photographing; it is possible to get a tilt image by tilting satellite body up to 45 degrees at maximum. Accordingly, the device developed in this study enables to obtain images by photographing one pair of tilt image for the same point from two different planes. KOMPSAT-1 aims to obtain a Korean map with a scale of 1:25,000 with high resolution. The KOMPSAT-1 developed automated feature extraction system based on stereo satellite image. It overcomes the limitations of sensor and difficulties associated with preprocessing quite effectively. In case of using 6, 7 and 9 ground control points, which are evenly spread in image, with 95% of reliability for horizontal and vertical position, 3-dimensional positioning was available with accuracy of 6.0752m and 9.8274m. Therefore, less than l0m of design accuracy in KOMPSAT-1 was achieved. Also the ground position error of ortho-image, with reliability of 95%, is 17.568m. And elevation error showing 36.82m was enhanced. The reason why elevation accuracy was not good compared with the positioning accuracy used stereo image was analyzed as a problem of image matching system. Ortho-image system is advantageous if accurate altitude and production of digital elevation model are desired. The Korean map drawn on a scale of 1: 25,000 by using the new technique of KOMPSAT-1 EOC image adopted in the present study produces accurate result compared to existing mapping techniques involving high costs with less efficiency.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제29권12호
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2013

근래 들어 도심지 주변의 교통난 해소를 위한 터널 건설이 증가하고 있으나 기존 노선과의 선형, 주변 구조물과의 간섭, 용지 매입의 제한 및 매입비 증가 등과 같은 제한적인 요인과 터널예정 부지 주변의 민원 및 환경훼손 최소화 등과 같은 환경적인 요인으로 인해 터널 계획시 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이를 해소하고자 터널간의 거리를 좁게하는 근접병설터널의 사례가 증가하고 있으나 이러한 근접병설터널의 경우 터널간 거리를 충분히 확보하고 있는 일반적인 터널에 비해 안정성 측면에서 불리한 점이 많은데, 특히 좁은 필라부의 강도를 증가시키기 위한 다양한 방법을 적용하고 있으나 필라부의 적정한 거동특성을 반영한 필라부 보강공법은 많지 않은 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 필라부의 적정한 거동특성을 반영한 보강공법을 비교, 분석하고 이를 수치해석을 통해 검증하였다.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.379-388
• /
• 2019

Recently, a technique for acquiring spatial information data using UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) has been greatly developed. It is a very crucial issue of the GIS (Geographic Information System) mapping system that passes way point in the unmanned airframe and finally measures the accurate image and stable localization to the desired destination. Though positioning using DGPS (Differential Global Navigation System) or RTK-GPS (Real Time Kinematic-GPS) guarantee highly accurate, they are more expensive than the construction of a single positioning system using a single GPS. In the case of a low-priced single GPS system, the stability of the positioning data deteriorates. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the uncertainty of the absolute position data of the UAV and to improve the accuracy of the current position data economically in the operating state of the UAV. The aim of this study was to present an algorithm enhancing the stability of position data in a single GPS mode of UAV with multiple GPS. First, the arrangement of multiple GPS receivers through the center of gravity of the UAV were examined. Next, MD (Mahalanobis Distance) is applied to detect instantaneous errors of GPS data in advance and eliminate outliers to increase the accuracy of previously collected multiple GPS data. Processing procedure for multiple GPS reception data by applying the center of the triangular method were presented to improve the position accuracy. Second, UAV navigation systems integrated multiple GPS through configuration of the UAV specifications were implemented. Using the unmanned airframe equipped with multiple GPS receivers, GPS data is measured with the TCM (Triangular Center Method). In addition, UAV equipped with multiple GPS were operated in study area and locational accuracy of multiple GPS of UAV with VRS (Virtual Reference Station) GNSS surveying were compared. The result showed that the error factors are compensated, and the error range are reduced, resulting in the reliability of the corrected value. In conclusion, the result in this paper is expected to realize high-precision position estimation at low cost in UAV using multiple low-cost GPS receivers.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2017

곡사포의 사격오차는 탄착의 분산도와 탄착중심오차(MPI)를 포괄하는 용어로, 본 연구에서는 사격시험을 수행하지 않고 정량적 분석을 통해 사격오차를 예측하는 기법에 대해 논하고자 한다. 기존에도 곡사포의 사격오차를 예측하기 위한 분석기법은 있었지만, 오차에 관여하는 영향요소들에 대한 정보가 부족하여 활용이 제한되었다. 본 연구에서는 이런 문제를 해결하기 위해 누적된 시험이 수행된 기존 무기체계 시험결과를 활용하여, 오차의 원인이 되는 각 요소 값들을 역으로 산출하는 방식을 제안한다. 이 과정에서 항공공학 분야에서 흔히 사용되는 최적화 알고리즘을 이용한 입력계수 추출 방식을 도입하였다. 최적화 알고리즘으로는 CMA-ES라는 진화적 기법을 소개하며, 적용 결과에 대하여 해설하였다. 이런 과정을 통해 얻은 사격오차요인 값은 향후 신규 무기체계 개발에 있어 성능요구사항 산출에 사용될 수 있으며, 야전에서의 곡사포 정확도 향상에도 기여할 것으로 보인다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.259-266
• /
• 2019

This paper presents a comparison between experimental measurements and numerical estimations of penetration length of a cement grout injected in discrete joints. In the experiment, a joint was generated by planar acryl plates with a certain separation distance (; aperture) and was designed in such a way to vary the separation distances. Since a cement grout was used, the grout viscosity can be varied by controlling water-cement (W/C) ratios. Throughout these experiments, the influence of joint aperture, cement grout viscosity, and injection rate on a penetration length in a discrete joint was investigated. During the experiments, we also measured the time-dependent variation of grout viscosity due to a hardening process. The time-dependent viscosity was included in our numerical simulations as a function of elapsed time to demonstrate its impact on the estimation of penetration length. In the numerical simulations, Bingham fluid model that has been known to be applicable to a viscous cement material, was employed. We showed that the estimations by the current numerical approach were well comparable to the experimental measurements only in limited conditions of lower injection rates and smaller joint apertures. The difference between two approaches resulted from the facts that material separation (; bleeding) of cement grout, which was noticeable in higher injection rate and there could be a significant surface friction between the grout and joint planes, which are not included in the numerical simulations. Our numerical simulation, meanwhile, could well demonstrate that penetration length can be significantly over-estimated without considering a time-dependency of viscosity in a cement grout.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2019

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) observations are powerful tools to monitor surface's displacement very accurately, induced by earthquake, volcano, ground subsidence, glacier movement, etc. Especially, radar interferometry (InSAR) which utilizes phase information related to distance from sensor to target, can generate displacement map in line-of-sight direction with accuracy of a few cm or mm. Due to decorrelation effect, however, degradation of coherence in the InSAR application often prohibit from construction of differential interferogram. Offset tracking method is an alternative approach to make a two-dimensional displacement map using intensity information instead of the phase. However, there is limitation in that the offset tracking requires very intensive computation power and time. In this paper, efficiency of parallel computing has been investigated using high performance computer for estimation of glacier velocity. Two TanDEM-X SAR observations which were acquired on September 15, 2013 and September 26, 2013 over the Narsap Sermia in Southwestern Greenland were collected. Atotal of 56 of 2.4 GHz Intel Xeon processors(28 physical processors with hyperthreading) by operating with linux environment were utilized. The Gamma software was used for application of offset tracking by adjustment of the number of processors for the OpenMP parallel computing. The processing times of the offset tracking at the 256 by 256 pixels of window patch size at single and 56 cores are; 26,344 sec and 2,055 sec, respectively. It is impressive that the processing time could be reduced significantly about thirteen times (12.81) at the 56 cores usage. However, the parallel computing using all the processors prevent other background operations or functions. Except the offset tracking processing, optimum number of processors need to be evaluated for computing efficiency.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.434-439
• /
• 2019

본 논문에서는 신호 대 잡음비를 향상시키기 위해서 시간지연을 보상하는 제어 알고리즘을제안하고, 제안한 제어 알고리즘을 연속파 레이더 방정식에 적용하여 목표물의 정보를 추정한다. 제안한 제어 알고리즘은 신호 대 잡음비를 향상시키기 위해서 수신신호에 가중치를 곱하여 각 배열소자의 출력신호를 향상시킨다. 레이더는 공간상에 신호를 방사하고 불체로부터 반사된 신호를 수신하여 정보를 추출한다. 그러나 무선통신환경에서는 인공 및 자연구조물로 인해서 다중 경로현상이 발생되어 시호의 시간지연이 나타나게 된다. 시간지연은 간섭신호 및 신호왜곡 현상으로 시스템 성능이 저하되어 원하는 정보를 정확히 추정하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 등 간격 선형 배열 안테나를 사용하여 수신신호에 가중치로 지연신호를 보상함으로서 목표물의 추정 정보를 향상 시킬 수 있다. 모의실험으로 본 연구에서 제안한 제어 알고리즘과 지연시간이 보상되지 않은 방법에 대해서 성능을 비교 분석하였으며 본 연구에서 제안한 제어 알고리즘이 원하는 목표물 거리추정 정보가 향상되었음을 입증하였다.