• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.21-35
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• 2017

The Korea Wave has been spread out all over the world since 1990s. Therefore, it can be seen that the Korea wave phenomenon is one of determinants of international tourism demand for Korea in addition to the macro factors such as population, GDP per capita, exchange rate, distance, etc. Existing studies have focused on analyzing the impacts of the Korea wave on the international tourism demand for Korea by using the aggregated data. However, the impacts of the Korea wave inducing tourism vary in different age groups. In this study, we conduct empirical analysis in order to explore how different the effects of Korea wave on the demand of foreign tourists visiting to Korea in different age groups are. The estimation results show that the Korea Wave influences most on international tourism demand for Korea in the age group of the under-20s. Noticeable is that the estimated effects of the Korea Wave on international tourism demand for Korea in the age group of the over-50s are higher than those in the 30s and 40s. This indicates that the parent generations visit Korea together with their young children who are most affected by the Korea Wave. Through this study, it is necessary to develop strategies for tourism marketing linked to children and parents, and to develop tourism products to increase the number of foreign visitors to Korea in the 30s and 40s.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.66-74
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• 2016

In what way is the urban landscape of North Korea used today, and what features do people prefer in the North Korean landscape? This study analyzed the characteristics of Pyongyang landscapes and their effects, based on an analysis of Western tourists motivation for tourism in North Korea and preferred enjoyment-seeking experiences. Using data from the tourist agency specializing in Western tourism in North Korea and a location based photo-sharing service, the study interprets the visual distinctiveness of Pyongyang landscape. The study concluded that widely known risk to travelers in North Korea is in fact an attraction, making people want to visit directly. However, this risk was mitigated in practical experience by the overall intermediation of the tourism agency and locals' conscious behavior to keep their distance from foreigners. Next, the scope of National ritual attributes was expanded to the locals' daily life as well as large-scale events such as mass games and military parades only if for national holidays. Also, the most preferred factors contributing to North Korean tourism were based on departure from routine through mobilization of the residents. This indicates the extension that the nature of North Korea as a theater state. The Pyongyang landscape represents a world politically isolated, people's congregated motion to display to the world, and people's lives hidden beneath a veil. These visualities fulfill the fantasy of Westerners regarding North Korea. Furthermore, these are superficial images that help create a basis to maintain the North Korea regime.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.261-270
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationship of probing attachment levels, radiographic measurements and surgical measurements according to gingival inflammatory condition. Patients with incipient to moderate periodontitis were selected. Upper and lower premolar and molar teeth excluding third molars were measured. At first visit, gingival index and bleeding on probing were taken, and subjects were grouped into 4 categories as follows : Experimental group I : gingival index 1 and no bleeding on probing. Experimental group II : gingival index 2 and no bleeding on probing absent. Experimental group III : gingival index 1 and bleeding on probing present. Experimental group IV : gingival index 2 and bleeding on probing present. Probing attachment levels were measured with manual probe on mesial and distal surfaces from cementoenamel junctions to terminal ends of probe. Radiographic measurements were made to assess bone loss by measuring the distance from cementoenamel junction to the alveolar crest. After thorough scating, a flap was raised exposing the alveolar bone and surgical measurements were made from cementoenamel junction to alveolar bone. The results were as follows: 1. Differences between probing attachment level and radiographic measurements showed $1.01{\pm}0.73mm$ for experimental group I, $0.98{\pm}0.48mm$ for experimental group II, $0.59{\pm}0.66mm$ for experimental group III, $0.98{\pm}0.38mm$ for experimental group IV and with no significant difference between groups. 2. Differences between probing attachment level and surgical measurements showed $1.36{\pm}0.80mm$ for experimental group I, $1.47{\pm}0.54mm$ for experimental group II, $1.06{\pm}0.39mm$ for experimental group III, $1.41{\pm}0.40mm$ for experimental group IV and with no significant difference between groups. 3. Differences between surgical and radiographic measurements showed $0.36{\pm}0.48mm$ for experimental group I, $0.51{\pm}0.54mm$ for experimental group II, $0.57{\pm}0.72mm$ for experimental group III, $0.41{\pm}0.49mm$ for experimental group IV and with significant difference between experimental group I and experimental group II, III, IV(P<0.05).

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.129-137
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• 2012

For construction project in extreme cold region, it is essential to establish basic data on the site such as topographical data from the early stage of construction of planning and designing, and it is needed to frequently perform site investigation when necessary. However, extreme cold regions are characteristic of being at long distance and difficult in approaching, and special regions such as Antarctica, in particular, are hard to conduct site investigation. Although a site investigation may be conducted, those who can visit Antarctica are sufficiently limited so that most of the staff may participate in construction without knowledge of the site and increase the risk of errors in decision making or designing. In order to resolve such problems, the authors in this study identified methods of building wide-area topographical data and bedrock classification data of exposed areas via remote sensing and of building precise topographical data on the construction site. Also, the authors attempted to present methods by which such data can be managed and visualized integrally via three-dimensional GIS technology and all the participants in construction can learn sense of field and conduct necessary analysis as frequent as possible. The areas around the Jangbogo Antarctic Station were selected to be the research area for conducting effective integrational management and three-dimensional visualization of various spatial data such as wide-area digital elevation model, ortho-images, bedrock classification data, local precise digital elevation model, and site images. The results of this study may enable construction firms to analyze local environments for construction whenever they need for construction in extreme cold regions and then support construction work including decision making or designing.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2002

This study is examined the difference between binocular spherical diopter and astigmatism diopter, spherical diopter, astigmatism diopter, and axis of astigmatism by sex and age with reference to the prescription of refraction for a total of 257 persons, 134 persons (male:78, female: 56)of teen-age and 123 persons of twenty-age who visit optical shop. Spherical correction diopter is mainly distributed to 280 eyes between -0.25D and -4.00D. And in astigmatism correction, for right astigmatism, 48 eyes(49.48%) are prescribed astigmatism diopter for a range of C-0.25~C-0.50D, 29 eyes(29.89%) has C-0.75~C-1.00D, 65 eyes(67.01%) has with the rule astigmatism. For left astigmatism, 43 eyes(42.57%) are prescribed astigmatism diopter of C-0.25~C-0.50D and 37 eyes(36.63%) has C-0.75C~1.00D, 73 eyes(72.27%) are shown with the rule astigmatism. And also each 108 persons(47.16%) and 28 persons(25.00%) are shown no difference between binocular spherical correction diopter and binocular astigmatism correction diopter, 94 eyes(39.49%) of teen-age and 104 eyes(42.27%) of twenty-age, male 119 eyes(41.90%) and female 79 eyes(34.34%) need correcting astigmatism. In pupillary distance, 165 persons mostly have 59~64mm.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.185-192
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• 2019

The introduction of smart technology provides accuracy, safety, and efficiency to both physicians and patients. Although interest in a clear aligner is increasing among users worldwide, the current clear aligner requires a visit to the hospital every one or two weeks for replacement, which is a very cumbersome process. There is also confusion among dentists and patients because about 40 to 80 devices are made, and calibration is done based on the order and duration of the clear aligner. Therefore, this study designed and developed a clear aligner management system so that communication between the patient and dentist can be smoothly performed by inserting the QR code into the transparent correction device. As a result, the size of the QR code was recognized as $6{\ast}6mm^2$ which can be used in the oral and the recognition distance was 100% within 12 cm. Since the dentist can remotely manage the patient with the proposed system and improve the correction effect, it is possible to manage patients abroad, as well as domestically.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.407-418
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• 2023

The Multi-Object Goal Visual Navigation(MultiOn) is a visual navigation task in which an agent must visit to multiple object goals in an unknown indoor environment in a given order. Existing models for the MultiOn task suffer from the limitation that they cannot utilize an integrated view of multimodal context because use only a unimodal context map. To overcome this limitation, in this paper, we propose a novel deep neural network-based agent model for MultiOn task. The proposed model, MCFMO, uses a multimodal context map, containing visual appearance features, semantic features of environmental objects, and goal object features. Moreover, the proposed model effectively fuses these three heterogeneous features into a global multimodal context map by using a point-wise convolutional neural network module. Lastly, the proposed model adopts an auxiliary task learning module to predict the observation status, goal direction and the goal distance, which can guide to learn the navigational policy efficiently. Conducting various quantitative and qualitative experiments using the Habitat-Matterport3D simulation environment and scene dataset, we demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.133-147
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• 2000

To provide data for the improvement of primary health care through the study on the utilization rate of community health practitioner(CHP) post and its related factors toward some rural residents in Mooan County Chollanamdo, a questionnaire survey was made from 382 persons during August 1999. Comparison was made between persons at the seaside area under difficult transportation and persons at the railroad area under convenient transportation. The results are as follows: 1. For the last one year, 83.3% of seaside area residents and 67.0% of railroad area residents used CHP post. As the purpose of visit to CHP post at seaside area, 94.3% visited for medical care, 25.3% for chronic disease control and 22.2% for health counselling and 14.1% for chronic disease control. 2. By simple analysis, sex, age, marital status, educational level, residence area, distance from living village to CHP post, presence of chronic diseases, satisfaction with CHP and confidence on CHP were related significantly with the utilization of CHP post for the last one year. 3. By multiple logistic regression, statistically significant variables related with the utilization rate of CHP post for the last one year were analyzed as age, sex, residence area and distance from living village to CHP post.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2014

Purpose Find out about the significance of the GFR values calculated by the kidney depth is measured by comparing the values obtained for kidney depth was measured GFR in the CT image kidney depth and is calculated by Tonnesen law in $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA dynamic kidney scan with each applies. Materials and Methods Among patients with normal value (75~120 mL/min) computed GFR conducted of dynamic renal scan to visit from February 2013 to February 2014 and donor GFR values in patients with normal value. The mean age was 46.9 years with 14 men 13 females. We used abdomen CT image which checked before conducting dynamic Kidney scan for measuring the depth of kidney. We only used CT image that contains renal hilum and measured outermost front of the kidney from the skin surface (a) and the final surface (b) caculated the average depth of [(a + b) / 2] respectively. Using the same ROI in order to limit the change in GFR values by the other additional element was set before and after the depth value was excluded from the GFR falls kidney disease. Results Using Tonnesen law the average value was caculated 5.94 cm from the right kidney 5.90 cm from the left kidney. It was 6.83 cm, 8.71 cm in the left kidney and the right kidney average value of the depth measured on the basis of the CT image. The respective increase in left kidney 0.93 cm and right kidney 2.77 cm calculated on the basis of CT image actually measured values. GFR was calculated as the average depth of the subject calculated by the method Tonnesen $83.3{\pm}9.79mL/min$. $98.6{\pm}14.07mL/min$ GFR was applied to calculate the average depth of the subjects using the CT image, is the difference appears 15.26 mL/min was increased after seting up depth value, P value was less than 0.01 which is significant. Conclusion The difference between GFR before-after setting up depth value cause that the different of depth value. Is a measured depth of the extension value of the calculated estimates Whereas Tonnesen kidney depth method is to use in calculating the value of GFR in a typical dynamic elongation test depth derived using the CT image depth. Is thought to be able to calculate more accurately the GFR value by the distance to the center of kidney more accurately measured in the skin thereby.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.14-22
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• 2012

The position, size and landscape of the former Donam SeoWon as well as the physical organization of the old site, are studied to extract data for the enhancement of the authenticity of Donam SeoWon since its registration as a world heritage site. The results are as follows. The 'Donam(豚巖)' encaved rock, the tombstone of teacher Sagye(沙溪), Kimjipsadang(金集祠堂), the head of the Gwangsan Kim family, the Sagye stream in front of them, and the Gyeryong and Daedun mountains in the distance are united in the former Donam SeoWon as landscape elements that clearly show the characteristics of the former site, which was called 'Donam-Wollim(豚巖園林).' Moreover Yangseongdangsipyoung(養性堂十詠), adds the garden elements of a medical herb field, twins pond, a bamboo forest, a school, and a peach field. On this site, one can also engage in activities that are related to the land and are closely related to Neo-Confucianism such as fish watching, conferencing, visit in seclusion(訪隱), looking for monks, and overseeing farming. The former site facing east is assumed to have Sau(祠宇) - Eungdodang(凝道堂) - Ipdeokmum(入德門) - Sanangru(山仰樓: estimated). Jeonsacheong seems to have been located to the left of the Sau area, Yangseongdang, which contained upper and lower twin lotus ponds, on the right and was surrounded by various plants. As it has been used as a lecture hall for the past 250 years, the former Donam SeoWon, located 1.8km away from the current area, must be preserved, and the landscape should be formed to establish the authenticity of Donam SeoWon.