• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2001

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of $HTR^{(R)}$ (Hard Tissue Replacement) on osteogenesis in the mandibular bone defects. Eight adult male white rabbits weighing 2.5 to 3.0kg were used. Four bone defects (8mm in diameter and 4mm in depth) were made at the both mandibular body. In the control group, the right mesial bone defect was filled with blood clot and spontaneously healed. In the DFDB group, the right distal bone defect was filled with xenogenic demineralized freeze-dried bone. In the $HTR^{(R)}$ group, the left mesial bone defect was filled with $HTR^{(R)}$. In the $HTR^{(R)}-membrane$ group, the left distal bone defect was filled with $HTR^{(R)}$ and covered with BioMesh membrane. The rabbits were sacrified at 2,4,6 and 9 weeks after the operation and microscopic examination was performed. Results obtained were as follows: In the control and DFDB groups, inflammatory cells and the fibrous connective tissue existed and the bone growth was slower than $HTR^{(R)}$ group by 6 week, and there was intervention of the soft tissue at 9 week. In the $HTR^{(R)}$ group, bone trabeculi extended between the $HTR^{(R)}$ particles without intervention of inflammatory cells and the connective tissue at 4 and 6 weeks. In addition, extensive osseous ingrowth into the $HTR^{(R)}$ particles was observed at 9 week. Bone formation was more active in the $HTR^{(R)}$ group than the control and DFDB groups. There was not obvious difference in the bone healing rate between the $HTR^{(R)}$ and the $HTR^{(R)}-membrane$ group. These results suggest that the $HTR^{(R)}$ promotes osteogenesis in the bone defects and the $HTR^{(R)}$ group has no difference in comparison with the $HTR^{(R)}-BioMesh^{(R)}$ membrane group in bone healing.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.47-67
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of $Biocoral^R$ graft and bioglass 45S5 graft in combination with ePTFE membrane in periodontal osseous defects for new bone formation. Nine healthy dogs were used. Under general anesthesia, 3-wall defects were created on the mesial and distal surfaces of the maxillary right canines, the mesials of the maxillary right second premolars, the distals of the mandibular right canines and the mesials of the mandibular right third premolars. To induce periodontitis, a silicone rubber, $Provil^R$ light body, was injected under pressure into the defects. Ninety days later, $Provil^R$was removed and followed by thorough root planing. The followings were then applied in the mesial and distal defects of the maxillary right canines, the mesials of the maxillary right second premolars, the distals of the mandibular right canines and the mesials of the mandibular right third premolars by random selections : 1) ePTFE membrane only application, 2) $Biocoral^R$ graft, 3) $Biocoral^R$ graft and ePTFE membrane application, 4)Bioglass 45S5 graft, 5) Bioglass 45S5 graft and ePTFE membrane application. The membranes were removed 1 month later. The dogs were sacrified at 1, 2 and 3 months following the graft, and block sections were made, demineralized, embedded, stained and examined by light microscope and transmission electron microscope. On the sections from teeth treated with ePTFE membrane only, the defect demonstrated extensive connnective tissue and alveolar bone regeneration. The $Biocoral^R$ graft group demonstrated extensive bone regeneration compared with ePTFE membrane only group. In the $Biocoral^R$ graft plus ePTFE membrane group, regeneration of new alveolus and crest occurred within the defect. As the experimental period lengthened, bone regeneration was increased and bone bridge was formed among the graft particles. The but bioglass 45S5 graft group demonstrated extensive bone regeneration but the amount of new bone was less than that of the $Biocoral^R$ graft group. For the bioglass 45S5 graft plus ePTFE membrane group, the amount of new bone was also increased. As the experimental period lengthened, bone regeneration was increased. Multinucleated giant cells, fibroblasts and macrophages were observed. As the bone formation was increased, the number of such cells was decreased. In conclusion, the $Biocoral^R$ was found better than the bioglass 45S5 for new bone formation, and the use of ePTFE membrane alone or with $Biocoral^R$/bioglass 45S5 can be supported as potential methods of promoting bone formation.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.389-403
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• 2010

Titanium and gold-alloy abutments have been used for a long-time in the clinical situations, but the use of zirconia abutments also increased. This study was designed to compare and evaluate the microgap differences according to types of abutment and dynamic loading. Titanium abutment, zirconia abutment and gold-alloy abutment (UCLA plastic) were connected into titanium implants of external hexagonal structure US II ${\phi}$ $3.75{\times}11.5$ mm (Osstem Co., Seoul, Korea) with the tightening torque of 30 Ncm. A sine type dynamic loading of 25-250 N and $30^{\circ}$ inclination from long axis was applied for $10^5$ times. Using the SEM both before and after the loadings, implant-abutment interfaces were analyzed on the labial, palatal, mesial and distal surface. The microgaps before and after the loading were compared, no statistically significant difference was observed caused by the dynamic loading on the labial, palatal, mesial or distal surface. Statistically significant difference was observed between UCLA and titanium group and between UCLA and zirconia group on both before and after the loading(p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between titanium and zirconia group. Loadings for $10^5$ times did not show significant effect to the microgaps between implants and abutments.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.1 no.3_4
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• pp.201-205
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• 1968

The authors has observed the histopathologically and histochemically on the effect of the garlic and garlic oil to the liver and kidney of rats. In order to confirm the histochemical changes of the metabolism of polysaccarides, the periodic acid Schiff reaction was applied. The 30 albino adult male rats weighing about 150 grames from the National Institute of Health were housed individualy and devide into 3 experimental groups: Group C: stock diet group Group B: stock diet-garlic group Group A: stock diet-garlic oil group Group C was fed with stock diet only through out this experimental period, Group B was fed with stock diet supplemented with garlic homogenator to be 1%, and Group A was fed with stock diet supplemented with the garlic oil to 0.05%. The garlic oil used in this experiments was extracted by author. And all rats was fed during 10 weeks. The histopathological and histochemical results were shown in each figure. According to the all results, the following concIusions were drawn. 1) In the garlic oil administrated groups, congestion of the sinusoid was subsided and the liberation of the Kupffer's cells were observed. 2) In garlic administrated groups, fatty metamorphosis in hepatic cells, and slight liberation of Kupffer's cells in sinusoidal walls were observed. Connective tissue proliferation and collagen bundle were observed. 3) The connective tissue and blood vessel wall in portal area Were reacted intensely with PAS stain. The hepatic cells Were reacted intensely with PAS stain in control group and moderately or slightly in garlic and garlic oil administrated group. 4) There were no significant differences in collecting and Henle's loops in each groups, but narrowing of lumen of the distal tubules were observed in garlic oil administrated group. 5) The basement membrane of the tubules and the connective tissues of the vessel wall in Kideny were reacted intensely with PAS stain in each groups. In control and garlic administrated groups. the brush border of the proximal tubules were reacted intensely with PAS stain, but epithelium of the Heine's loop, proximal, distal and collecting tubules were reacted moderately. In garlic oil administrated-group, there were tendency of decreasing of PAS stain in each tubules.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2020

Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease leading to significant economic and societal burdens globally. Osteoporosis is caused by unbalanced bone remodeling between the rate of osteoclast bone resorption and osteoblast bone formation. Acer tegmentosum Maxim (AT) is a traditional herbal medicine containing multiple biological activities such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory purposes. However, its role in osteoporosis has not been fully studied. Therefore, we investigated whether AT has a potent inhibitory effect on osteoporosis and its mechanism through a systemic evaluation in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. OVX mice were orally administrated with the AT at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 10 weeks. Histological images and histomorphometry analyses were performed by H&E and Toluidine blue satin, and the expression levels of receptor activator for nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasm 1 (NFATc1), c-Fos, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) related to the osteoclast differentiation were investigated using immunohistochemical analysis. Administration of AT prevented bone loss and the alternations of osteoporotic bone parameters at the distinct regions of the distal femur and spongiosa region in OVX mice. Further, administration of AT increased periosteal bone formation in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, AT inhibited not only the expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos, which are two major regulators of osteoclastogenesis but also reduced bone resorbed encoding expression of MMP9 and RANKL. Our results indicated that administration of AT prevented bone loss and the alternations of osteoporotic bone parameters at the distinct regions of the distal femur and spongiosa region in OVX mice. Also AT has the bone protective effect through the suppression of osteoclast and promotion of osteoblast, suggesting that it could be a preventive and therapeutic candidate for anti-osteoporosis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.153-159
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• 2013

Purpose: The level of the implant above the marginal bone and flap design have an effect on the bone resorption during the healing period. The aim of this study is to detect the relationship between the level of the implant at the implant placement and the bone level at the healing period in the mesial and distal side of implants placed with flapless (FL) and full-thickness flap (FT) methods. Methods: Twenty-two nonsubmerged implants were placed with the FL and FT technique. Periapical radiographs were taken of the patient at implant placement, and at 6 and 12 weeks. By using computer software, bone level measurements were taken from the shoulder of the healing cap to the first bone implant contact in the mesial and distal side of the implant surface. Results: At 6 weeks, the correlation between the crestal bone level at the implant placement and crestal bone level of the FT mesially was significant (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.675, P<0.023). At 12 weeks, in the FT mesially, the correlation was nonsignificant (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.297, P<0.346). At 6 weeks in the FT distally, the correlation was nonsignificant (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.512, P<0.107). At 12 weeks in the FT distally, the correlation was significant (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.730, P<0.011). At 6 weeks in the FL mesially, the correlation was nonsignificant (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.083, P<0.809). At 12 weeks in the FL mesially, the correlation was nonsignificant (Spearman correlation coefficient= 0.062, P<0.856). At 6 weeks in the FL distally, the correlation was nonsignificant (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.197, P<0.562). At 12 weeks in the FL distally, the correlation was significant (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.692, P<0.018). Conclusions: A larger sample size is recommended to verify the conclusions in this preliminary study. The bone level during the healing period in the FT was more positively correlated with the implant level at implant placement than in the FL.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1418-1425
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• 2000

Obesity and diabetes mellitus are associated with common pathogenic mechanism, and ${\beta}-glucan$ of Agaricus blazei Murill is potent inhibitor of intestinal ${\alpha}-glycosidase$ and inhibit the digestion of starch and sucrose in the small intestine. In this studies, there was observed the anti-hyperglycemic effect in obese diabetic mice(C57BLKsJ db/db), which were supplied Agaricus and Acarbose for 5 weeks. In db/db mice, food intake and body weight gain were decreased significantly in Agaricus groups(p<0.05). Also these group exhibited lower fasting serum glucose level compared with control group. HbA1c level, triglyceride level, total cholesterol level, HDL cholesterol level, LDL cholesterol level and VLDL cholesterol level were lowered in db/db mice. The activity of disaccharidases on proximal and distal segments of small intestine was decreased. In conclusion, it was assumed that ${\beta}-glucan$ of Agaricus blazei Murill has anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesitic effects by reducing food intake and body weight gain, and also decreasing serum glucose and lipid level through inhibiting the activity of small intestinal disaccharidases.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2019

Purpose: To evaluate an effect of additional firing process after sintering of monolithic zirconia crown on marginal and internal fit through three-dimensional analysis. Materials and methods: Ten monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated using titanium abutment model. Monolithic zirconia crowns were designed, milled, and sintered as a control group, and additional firing with coloring was performed as a test group. Three dimensional analysis were performed by using triple-scan protocol, and cross-section analysis on mesio-distal and disto-lingual section was evaluated to measure marginal and internal fitness. Then, three-dimensional surface difference on between two groups was evaluated (${\alpha}=.05$). Results: There was statistically significant difference between the control group ($32.0{\pm}24.3{\mu}m$) and the test group ($17.0{\pm}10.8{\mu}m$) in the mesial axial wall (P < .02) and the control group ($60.2{\pm}24.3{\mu}m$) and the test group ($71.8{\pm}21.5{\mu}m$) in the distal axial wall (P < .01). There was no statistically significant difference at the remaining point. Conclusion: There was no statistical significance on the deviation of inner surface of crown according to firing number, and the results of both group were considered clinically acceptable.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of CAD/CAM system milling tool wear on the marginal and internal fit of PMMA implant interim prosthesis three-dimensional manner. Methods: A total of 20 crowns were fabricated with CAD/CAM method. Their designs were unified to first molar of the left maxilla. The Customized abutments were prepared and scanned with on optical model scanner. Five crowns were milled by the newly replaced tool (1st milling), and 15 crowns were milled by 2nd, 3rd, 4th milling tool. The marginal and internal fit of 20 interim crowns were measured using the triple-scan protocol. Results: Statistically significant difference was found between the $1^{st}$ milling group ($51.8{\pm}14.6{\mu}m$) and the $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$ milling group ($128.6{\pm}43.8{\mu}m$, $146.2{\pm}38.1{\mu}m$, respectively) at the distal margins. In the mesial margins, There was a statistically significant difference between the $1^{st}$ milling group ($63.6{\pm}25.9{\mu}m$) and the $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$ milling group ($137.2{\pm}25.9{\mu}m$, $186.8{\pm}70.6{\mu}m$, respectively). In the distal line angle, significant difference was found between the $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$ milling groups and the $4^{th}$ milling group. In the mesial axial wall, significant difference was found between the $1^{st}$ milling group ($52.2{\pm}20.3{\mu}m$) and the $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$ milling groups ($22.8{\pm}8.8{\mu}m$, $7.8{\pm}5.7{\mu}m$). Conclusion: As a result of the experiment, decrease of the marginal and internal fit was statistically significant as the number of machining cycles increased. In order to produce clinically excellent restorations, it is recommandable to consider the condition of the milling tool wear, when designing the restoration with CAD program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1611-1617
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• 2004

This study was carried out to examine the effects of pills made of mulberry leaves and silkworm powder on lowering blood glucose level. Experimental animals were Sprague-Dawley male rat weighing 100$\pm$10 g and pills were supplemented with 0.4% (4 g/kg) diet. Experimental groups were assigned to diabetic group (DM group) and pill supplemented groups. Pill supplemented groups were classified 100% mulberry leaves (M group), mixing 25% silkworm powder to mulberry leaves (25SM group), mixing 50% silkworm powder to mulberry leaves (50SM group), mixing 70% silkworm powder to mulberry leaves (75SM group) and 100% silkworm powder (100S group). Experimental diets and water fed ad libitum, and streptozotocin was injected to induce diabetic state after 3rd weeks and sacrificed on the 9th day. The contents of 1-deoxynojirimycin(DNJ) were increased with adding the silkworm powder. The contents of GABA and rutin were increased with adding the mulberry leaves. In vitro, intestinal mucosa $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activities were significantly increased in pills which mixed with silkworm powder by 50%. Blood glucose levels were high in groups which mixed with silkworm powder by 50% compared to DM group. Intestinal mucosa maltase activity in proximal part was significantly reduced in pill supplemented group compared to DM group and pill supplemented groups were no significant difference. Enzyme activity in middle part was no significant difference in experimental groups. Enzyme activity in distal part was decreased in pill supplemented groups, especially in 50SM, 75SM and 100S groups were significantly reduced compared to DM group. Sucrase and lactase activities in pill supplemented groups were significantly reduced at proximal part, and there was no significant difference in middle and distal parts. In conclusion, pills made of mulberry leaves and silkworm powder increased the $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro and reduced the blood glucose levels by controlling the disaccharidase activities of intestinal proximal part in STZ-induced diabetic rat. The synergistic effect was the highest when mulberry leaves was mixed with silkworm powder by the ratio of 50 : 50.