• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1998

Aortic aneurysm has poor prognosis and high mortality, but the incidence of aortic aneurysm is in increasing state. From July, 1986 to July, 1996, we operated on 25 patients with aortic aneurysm and analysed the clinical results and relations between the duration from symptoms onset to operation(Sx-Op), the duration from admission to operation(Adm-Op), preoperative blood pressure, preoperative heart rate and postoperative mortality, retrospectively. The patients were classified as dissecting aneurysm(10 cases), abdominal aortic aneurysm(9 cases), Marfan's syndrome(3 cases), descending thoracic aortic aneurysm(3 cases). The operative technique were graft interposition in 17 cases, Bentall's operation in 4 cases, aneurysm bypass in 2 cases, and wrapping of aorta in 2 cases. Seven patients died of several causes, bleeding in 5 cases, acute renal failure in 1 case and respiratory failure in another one case. Before 1992, the early stage of operation, 6 mortality among 14 operated patients occurred, and after then 1 mortality among 11 operated patients occurred. Eighteen survivors were followed up from 1 to 118 months(mean 50.6 months), and total follow up was 911 patient-months. During the follow up period one patient died of melena 30 months after operation. The other patients did not complain chest pain or dyspnea. The surgical mortality was improved in the late period, and the major cause of death was intraoperative or postoperative bleeding. The Sx-Op duration, the Adm-Op duration, preoperative blood pressure and preoperative heart rate were proven to have no statistical relations with postoperative mortality.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2006

Although the delayed type of rhinoplasty is currently acceptable in the correction of cleft lip and nasal deformity, Delaire tried to achieve the simultaneous nasolabial reconstruction and muscular rearrangement that affect the subsequent skeletal growth of the face. the anatomic muscular reconstruction can be achieved by making the anchorage of the nasolabial muscles of the cleft side to the nasal septum and muscles on the non-cleft side. Two cleft lip patients of 6 and 7 year-old without any previous operation history were treated with the functional cheilorhinoplasty. One patient with incomplete cleft lip underwent a cheiloplasty along with the rearrangement of orbicularis oris muscle. The other patient had a complete cleft lip and palate with accompanying nasal deformity, who underwent the functional cheilorhinoplasty with the reconstruction of anterior nasal base. All the operation was done under the general anesthesia and patients healed without any significant complications. In the incomplete case, the shapes of Cupid's bow was restored, and the length of columella was regained comparable to the non-affected side. In the complete cleft lip and palate case, the depressed nostril was reconstructed with acceptable symmetry by complete releasing of deformed alar cartilage undermined with a dissecting scissors. In summary, the functional repair of cleft lip and nose could be possible at the same time by using Delaire method. This method is effective to correct the primary nasolabial deformity, which results in the restoring favorable anatomy and its function.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.141-148
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• 2006

The effects of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) on salivary glands have been recognized since 1982. The presence of purinergic recepetors(P2Rs) that mediate the effects of ATP in various tissues, including parotid and submandibular salivary gland, has been supported by the cloning of receptor cDNAs and the expression of the receptor proteins. P2Rs have many subtypes, and the activation of these receptor subtypes increase intracellular $Ca^{2+}$, a key ion in the regulation of the secretion in the salivary gland. The apical pores of taste buds in circumvallate and foliate papillae are surrounded by the saliva from von Ebner salivary gland(vEG). Thus, it is important how the secretion of vEG is controlled. This study was designed to elucidate the roles of P2Rs on salivary secretion of vEG. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (about 200 g) were used for this experiment. vEG-rich tissues were obtained from dissecting $500-1,000\;{\mu}m$ thick posterior tongue slices under stereomicroscope view. P2Rs mRNA in vEG acinar cells were identified with RT-PCR. To observe the change in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ activity, we employed $Ca^{2+}-ion$ specific fluorescence analysis with fura-2. Single acinar cells and cell clusters were isolated by a sequential trypsin/collagenase treatment and were loaded with $10\;{\mu}M$ fura -2 AM for 60 minutes at room temperature. Several agonists and antagonists were used to test a receptor specificity. RT-PCR revealed that the mRNAs of $P2X_4$, $P2Y_1$, $P2Y_2$ and $P2Y_3$ are expressed in vEG acinar cells. The intracellular calcium activity was increased in response to $10\;{\mu}M$ ATP, a P2Rs agonist, and 2-MeSATP, a $P2Y_1$ and $P2Y_2R$ agonist. However, $300\;{\mu}M\;{\alpha}{\beta}-MeATP$, a $P2X_1$ and $P2X_3R$ agonist, did not elicit the response. The responses elicited by $10\;{\mu}M$ ATP and UTP, a $P2Y_2R$ agonists, were maintained when extracellular calcium was removed. $10\;{\mu}M$ suramin, a P2XR antagonist, and reactive blue 2, a P2YR antagonist, partially blocked ATP-induced response. However, when extracellular calciums were removed, suramin did not abolish the responses elicited by ATP. These results suggest that P2Rs play an important role in salivary secretion of vEG acinar cells and the effects of ATP on vEG salivary secretion may be mediated by $P2X_4$, $P2Y_1$, $P2Y_2$, and/or $P2Y_3$.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.51-70
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• 2013

The characteristics of deposits formed by the Daejon-cheon and Soobuk-cheon, dissecting the mountains such as Byungpung Mt. and Samin Mt. in western part of Damyang county, Jeonmam province. Results from field survey and bore hole logging by KIGAM are used in interpreting depositional environment, in this study. By the result of deposits near of the channels Daejon-cheon and Soobuk-cheon, and main channel of Youngsan River, the depth of sediment layers in this area is 4~7m, far thinner than formerly estimated. Weathered material of local rocks forms the base of the sedimentary layers. It can be assumed that the location channel of the Youngsan river has been stable ever since the start of the sedimentary events. Sediment particles of tributaries are angular than those of Youngsan River. Particles are larger and sorting is poor. It is interpreted as mount flash flood deposits. Main sources of sediments at the valley bottom or deposition dominated area are the terrace deposits or slope deposits over the gentle foot-slope or front of surrounding mountains. Some particles show polygonal cracking on the surface originated from the strong chemical weathering, while most of these has high angularity. It means various geomorphic processes operate to produce and transport the particles in this area.Isolated hills within the sedimentary plains are made with weathered materials of local bedrock. In the case of foot-slope of the hills, thin sedimentary layers are found. So it can be concluded that surface features of deposition zone of the Daejon-cheon and Soobuk-cheon is formed by the filling of lower part of the valley and its feature partly controlled by the relief of the weathering front.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2020

Gloiopeltis tenax is one of the most economically useful species in China and Japan that has been applied to glue and food since ancient times. The material used in the experiment was a large quantity of basal crusts obtained from the culture of tetraspores that were released from the mature tetrasporophytes collected at Gyeokpori, Byeonsan-myeon, Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do in Korea. The basal crusts were cut into quadrisect under a dissecting microscope so as to monitor the process of regeneration and growth. The cut crusts were cultured under varying conditions, where the photoperiod was 16:8 h L:D; the temperature range was 10, 15, 20, and 25℃; the irradiance range was 30 and 85 µmol photons m^-2s^-1. The quadrisect basal crusts grew to an oval shape, then formed a vertical axis of cylindrical shape. The maximum growth of basal crusts was 9.61±3.59 mm² under the condition of 15℃ temperature and 85 µmol photons m^-2s^-1 irradiance, after 12-weeks culture. The mean relative growth rate after 12-weeks culture showed the maximum rate of 5.15±0.80 %day^-1 at 15℃ and the minimum growth rate was 3.15±0.94 %day^-1 at 10℃, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it has shown the possibility that growth of basal crusts of G. tenax is one of the good farming method of potential alga.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2019

Background: To date, a variety of surgical approaches have been used to reconstruct the medial orbital wall fracture. Still however, there is still a controversy as to their applicability because of postoperative scars, injury of anatomical structures and limited visual fields. The purpose of this study was to introduce a useful additional medial subbrow approach for better reduction and securement more accurate implant pocket of medial orbital wall fracture with the subciliary technique. Methods: We had performed our technique for a total of 14 patients with medial orbital wall fracture at our medical institution between January 2016 and July 2017. All fractures were operated through subciliary technique combined with the additional medial subbrow approach. They underwent subciliary approach accompanied by medial wall dissection using a Louisville elevator through the slit incision of the medial subbrow procedure. This facilitated visualization of the medial wall fracture site and helped to ensure a more accurate pocket for implant insertion. Results: Postoperative outcomes showed sufficient coverage without displacement. Twelve cases of preoperative diplopia improved to two cases of postoperative diplopia. More than 2 mm enophthalmos was 14 cases preoperatively, improving to 0 case postoperatively. Without damage such as major vessels or extraocular muscles, enophthalmos was corrected and there was no restriction of eyeball motion. Conclusion: Our ancillary procedure was useful in dissecting the medial wall, and it was a safe method as to cause no significant complications in our clinical series. Also, there is an only nonvisible postoperative scar. Therefore, it is a recommendable surgical modality for medial orbital wall fracture.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.85-94
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate how easy pedestrians get around within/through the "Apartment Complexes (AC), " a common style of high-rise multi-family housing in Korea. Over the past six decades, the AC has been the most conventional way to provide standardized housing efficiently to address the problems of the shortage of housing and the substandard housing, due to the explosion of urban population with the rapid industrialization. The AC is a huge chunk of homeogenous multi-family housing, mostly condos with decent infrastructure, including parks, pedestrian passages, schools, ect. Both in the new town development and urban renewal programs have utilized the advantages of the AC. Since the design principals of AC tend to adopt the "protective design" to prevent cars and pedestrians coming outside from passing it, it has been criticised for dissecting the continuity of socioeconomic context in neighborhoods. The neo-traditional planning urbanists, including Jane Jacobs, emphasize that smaller blocks and grid road newtworks are the key in improving social, cultural, and economic vitality of the neighborhoods, because these design concepts allow more pedestrians and different types of people to be mixed in a neighborhood. In this study, we first adopted objective measures for pedestrian accessibility and pedestrian efficiency. These measures were used to calculate the lengths of shortest paths from residential buildings to the edges of AC. We tested the difference in shortest paths between the current pedestrian networks of AC and hypothetical grid networks on the AC, and the relative difference is considered as the pedestrian efficiency, using the network analysis function of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Python programming. We found from the randomly selected 30 ACs that the existing non-grid road networks in ACs are worse than the hypothesized grid networks, in terms of pedestrian efficiency. In average, pedestrians in AC with the conventional road networks have to walk than 25%, 26%, and 27% longer than the networks of $125{\times}45m$, $100{\times}45m$, and $75{\times}45m$, respectively. With the t-test analysis, we found the pedestrian efficiency of AC with the conventional network is lower than grid-networks. Many new urbanists stress, easiness of walking is one of the most import elements for community building and social bonds. With the findings from the objective measures of pedestrian accessibility and efficiency, the AC would have limitations to attract people outside into the AC itself, which would increase dis-connectivity with adjacent areas.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1183-1194
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• 1998

Background: From Sept. 1985 to Sept. 1997, 2,000 cases of open heart surgery(OHS) were performed in the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University. Material and Method: Among the total of 2,000 cases of OHS, 1532 cases were congenital heart disease(CHD) and 468 cases were acquired heart disease(AHD). The age distribution was 9 days(4.0kg) to 68 years in CHD and 11 to 66 years in AHD. In 1532 cases of CHD, there were 1403 acyanotic cases and 129 cyanotic cases. Result: The CHD cases consisted of 940 ventricular septal defects(61.4%), 324 atrial septal defects(21.1%), 112 tetralogy of Fallot(7.3%), 46 pulmonary stenosis(3%), 38 endocardial cushion defects(2.5%), 15 valsalva sinus ruptures(1%), 4 transposition of great arteries (0.3%), 4 double outlet right ventricles(0.3%), and etc. Corrective operations were applied for congenital heart disease with a result of 3.1% hospital mortality. Of 468 AHD, 381 cases were valvular heart diseases, 48 ischemic heart diseases, 12 cardiac tumors, 8 annuloaortic ectasias, 16 dissecting aortic aneurysms and etc. In the 381 valvular heart diseases, there were 226 single valve replacements(36 aortic valve replacements(AVR), 188 mitral valve replacements(MVR), and 2 tricuspid valve replacements(TVR), among these were 71 cases of double valve replacements(AVR & MVR), 54 cases of MVR with tricuspid valve annuloplasty(TVA), and 18 cases of AVR, MVR with TVA. The total implanted prosthetic valves were 466. In MVR, 123 St. Jude Medical valves, 90 Carpentier-Edwards valves, 65 CarboMedics valves, 42 Sorin valves and 16 other valves were used. In AVR, 68 St. Jude Medical valves, 36 CarboMedics valves, 14 Carpentier-Edwards valves and 9 other valves were used. Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery(CABG) were performed in 48 cases. The patterns of bypass graft were 14 patients of single vessel graft, 21 patients of two vessels graft, 10 patients of three vessels graft and 3 patients of four vessels graft. Conclusion: The hospital operation mortality rate of congenital acyanotic, cyanotic and acquired heart diseases were 2.0%, 15.5%, and 5.1% respectively. The overall mortality rate was 3.6%(72/2,000).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.7 s.276
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• pp.492-498
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• 2007

Background: Malignant pleural effusion is a common condition in neoplastic patients and palliative therapy is the usual treatment. Talc has been generally accepted to be the most effective sclerosant for chemical pleurodesis, but the optimal route of administration remains controversy. We compared the results of video-assisted thoracoscopic talc poudrage (VTP) with administering a bedside talc slurry through a chest tube (BTS) for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion. Material and Method: From December 2004 to May 2006, 20 patients with malignant pleural effusion underwent chemical pleurodesis via VTP (group A, n=10), and BTS (group B, n=10). Result: The durations of chest tube placement after the procedure were $7.0{\pm}4.0$ days (group A) and $6.7{\pm}3.6$ days (group B). The hospital stays were $24.3{\pm}9.4$ days (group A) and $30.7{\pm}21.5$ days (group B), respectively. The symptoms of dyspnea were much more improved in group A (p-value=0.014) after discharge (mean f/u group $A=8.5{\pm}2.2$ months, group B $8.0{\pm}7.4$ months). The collapsed portions of lung were better expanded in group A than in group B (p-value=0.011). Conclusion: We recommend VTP for the selected patients with malignant pleural effusion because of the advantages of dissecting the fibrous peel to relieve the atelectasis and dyspnea, and excising the pleura for diagnosis with direct viewing of the lesion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.490-498
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• 2010

Background: A hybrid procedure using an open surgical extra-anatomic bypass of aortic arch vessels and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is less invasive than open surgery, and provides a suitable proximal landing zone. Here we report our experience with a hybrid TEVAR procedure at a single center. Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with thoracic aortic disease who received a hybrid TEVAR procedure between August 2008 and January 2010. Patients' data were prospectively collected and mean follow-up was $10.8{\pm}5.5$ months (range 3~20). Result: Nine patients (7 males and 2 females) with a mean age of $63.8{\pm}15.8$ years (range 38~84) underwent a hybrid procedure. Five patients had an arch or a proximal descending aortic aneurysm, two had a dissecting aneurysm of the descending aorta, and two had an aneurysm of the ascending arch and descending aorta. Mean expected mortality calculated by logistic EuroSCORE was 21%. Six patients underwent debranching and rerouting from ascending aorta to arch vessels, 2 had carotid-carotid bypass grafting, and 1 underwent carotid-axillary bypass grafting. Mean operation time was $221.4{\pm}84.0$ min (range 94~364). Deployment success of endovascular stent grafting was 100% with no endoleak on completion angiography. There was no mortality, and a small embolism in the branch of the right opthalmic artery in one patient. During follow-up, one intervention was required for the endoleak. Actuarial survival at 20 months was 100%. Conclusion: Early and mid-term results are encouraging and suggest that hybrid TEVAR procedures are less invasive and safer and represent an effective technique for treating thoracic aortic disease.