• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.346-354
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• 2018

In the probe of a medical ultrasound device, three parts were selected randomly by the examiner and the bacteria in the probe were detected by the blood examiners. In addition, the degree of death of the pathogenic bacteria after each disinfection of the detected pathogens, disinfecting ethanol, and disinfecting tissue of the detected pathogens were analyzed quantitatively. The following was detected: S Aureus (32.3 %), Bacillus spp. (26.5 %), Micrococcus spp. (21.5 %), and CNS (20 %). With the conventional probe, S. aureus (26.2 %), a playback curve (24.2 %), and a micron (19.5 %), Micrococcus spp. (15.5 %), and CNS (14.6 %) were observed. In the fan probe, S. aureus (24.7 %), Enterococcus (24.7 %), Enterococcus (17.7 %), and CNS (13.8 %) were detected. The disinfection of the three pathogens detected revealed sterilization of most of the pathogens, and most cases contained at least 91.3 % of the total sterilizing effect (P>0.05). In addition, for the disinfection of Propolis extract and disinfecting tissue, the disinfection effect was lower than that of disinfecting ethanol, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The results revealed bacteria on most of the ultrasound probes. Antiseptic disinfection of surgical instruments using an extract of propolis works with results similar to those of ethanol. A blood test along with disinfection can help prevent infection if an ultrasound probe is applied to food.

• Journal of the FoodService Safety
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2024

This study investigated the effect of sodium hypochlorite and ethanol on reducing Staphylococcus aureus on gloves depending on material and food contaminant. S. aureus inoculated onto rubber gloves with various organic substances (pork extract, perilla leaf extract, and 0.2% peptone water) and inoculated rubber gloves were stored in a desiccator at 100% RH and 25℃ for 24 h before treatments with distilled water, ethanol, or sodium hypochlorite. Levels of S. aureus were significantly reduced on both types of rubber gloves when treated with ethanol and sodium hypochlorite. However, sodium hypochlorite treatment resulted in 3.27 log CFU/each of S. aureus in pork extract on nitrile gloves, indicating that the effectiveness of disinfection may vary depending on the glove material and the type of organic substance. The results of this study suggest that ethanol treatment is the most effective disinfection method for S. aureus on rubber gloves, regardless of the material and organic substances.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.490-497
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• 2016

This study compared and analyzed the pollution levels of radiation shielding aprons and ways to sterilize them using 30 lead aprons. After collecting samples from the center of the lead apron, where contact is most frequent, experiments were conducted employing Coagula and Latex methods. Using the culture medium where bacteria grew, measurements of the pathogen count and identification were performed. The greatest number of pathogens were $7.16{\pm}10$, which were detected on the lead apron from general X-ray room #2, but there was no significant difference according to the facilities (p > 0.05). Compared to how many pathogens remained between using the disinfectant ethanol and tissue, the pathogens decreased by $0.01{\pm}0.4$ (p < 0.05) after using disinfectant ethanol and by $0.87{\pm}1.7$(p < 0.05) after using disinfectant tissue. The Pearson correlation test revealed a significant correlation (-0.296, p < 0.05) between them. According to this research, there were pathogens on the lead aprons and the number of pathogens was determined by statistical analysis. It is expected that the rate of radiology technologists, patients, and medical equipment infected by pathogens will be reduced by the proper use of sterilization with a disinfectant ethanol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2021

In this study, microbes were collected before and after disinfection using ANIOS(ANIOSURF Premium NPC) and compared the areas where the radiological technologist and the patient frequently contacted the chest X-ray. From September 1st to September 7th, 2020. in P Hospital in Deagu, 4 region were collected in a 10×10 size using a sterile cotton swab of the transport medium, and before and after disinfection results were obtained through the colorimetric method. As a result, n the X-ray tube handle Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus spp., Candida spp., and in the Chin region Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcu faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, NTM, and in the Chest region Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcu faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and in the Palm region NTM, Candida spp. were detected, and 103 CFU(Colony Forming Unit) or more were measured. After disinfection, only X-ray tube handle was detect Bacillus spp. and more than 102 CFU was measured. Microorganisms found prior to disinfection can cause opportunistic infections, Experimental results showed that Aniosulf(0.25%) is more economical and disinfectant than ethanol(70-90%) and isopropyl alcohol(70-90%). However, further research is needed on the detection of Bacillus spp. resultingly this research is useful basic data of infection control in Radiography room and prevention secondary infections.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.346-353
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• 2009

Viral, bacterial, and fungal infection can be transmitted from donor to recipient via transplantation of human amniotic membrane. Therefore human amniotic membrane for transplantation should be disinfected and sterilized before use. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of the disinfection process and sterilization processes used at human tissue bank in the inactivation of viruses, bacteria, and fungi. A variety of experimental model viruses, bacteria, and fungus for human pathogens, including the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), bovine herpes virus (BHV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans were all selected for this study. Enveloped viruses such as HIV-1, BHV, and BVDV were effectively inactivated to undetectable levels by 70% ethanol treatment, gamma irradiation process, and ethylene oxide (EO) gas sterilization process. Also non-enveloped viruses such as HAV and PPV were effectively inactivated to undetectable levels by gamma irradiation and EO gas treatment. However HAV and PPV showed high resistance to 70% ethanol treatment. E. coli and C. albicans were effectively inactivated to undetectable levels by 70% ethanol treatment, gamma irradiation process, and EO gas treatment. Also B. subtilis was effectively inactivated to undetectable levels by gamma irradiation process and EO gas treatment. However it showed high resistance to 70% ethanol treatment.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.158-167
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to study the effects of the utilization of ethanol solution in infection control of dental implant hand drivers, a common practice in dental prosthodontic clinics. Materials and Methods: Infection control methods were divided into two groups. One swabbed with 83% ethanol gauze and the other immersed in 83% ethanol solution for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 300 second intervals after inoculation of the dental implant hand drivers with Staphylococcus aureus. After measuring the number of colony forming units and analyzing the optical density, the effects of infection control in the experimental group were compared with the positive control group without infection control after inoculation with bacteria and the negative control group without inoculation with bacteria after sterilization. Results: The number of colony forming units and optical density analysis showed a statistically significant difference compared to the positive control. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference between the negative control and the group immersed in the 83% ethanol solution for more than 150 seconds. Conclusion: It is recommended to use the ethanol solution as a pre-cleaning process before sterilization, since the intermediate-level disinfection method using ethanol solution alone for the infection control of the dental implant hand driver cannot clinically secure the sterility.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2010

Norovirus (NV) is becoming a major cause of foodborne illness in many countries. At present, very little is known about the survival of NV in the environment or the disinfection procedures needed to remove NV from contaminated surfaces. Feline calicivirus (FCV, $1{\times}10^{6.75}\;TCID_{50}/mL$) was used as a surrogate model for NV to investigate the effectiveness of sanitizing treatments for the viruses attached to food and food contact surfaces. Ammonium chloride (2%), organic acids (3000 ppm), and ethanol (70%) were most effective, providing $4\;log_{10}$ (99.99%) reductions in FCV titers on food or food contact surfaces. The disinfection efficacies of most agents on ceramic and glass surfaces were greater than stainless steel. The results from this study can be applied in the food industry to reduce NV-associated foodborne illnesses.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.102-112
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• 2024

Background: Despite the rise in the number of domestic indoor climbing gyms, there is a lack of specific hygiene standards and research on the holds installed in them. Holds can act as vectors for microbial transmission through the hands, posing a risk of infectious diseases, especially with damaged skin. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the contamination level and species of microorganisms on holds according to the management methods practiced in indoor climbing gyms and identify effective strategies for reducing microbial contamination. Methods: We investigated factors that may influence microbial contamination of holds, including hold management methods, user information, and hygiene management at three climbing gyms in Seoul. A total of 72 holds were sampled, 18 for each management method of brushing, high-pressure washing, and ethanol disinfection. Samples were cultured on LB and blood agar at 37℃ for 48 hours to calculate CFUs. PCR assay targeting 16S rRNA was carried out to identify microorganisms. Dunn-Bonferroni was employed to see the microbial reduction effect of the management method and the difference in microbial contamination by management method and climbing gym. Results: As a result of microbial identification, microorganisms such as Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Micrococcus, which were derived from various environments such as skin and soil, were discovered on the surface of the climbing hold. Among the discovered microorganisms, some species had potential pathogenic properties that could cause food poisoning, gastrointestinal disease, bacteremia, and sepsis. All hold management methods were effective in reducing microorganisms (p<0.05), with ethanol disinfection being the most effective (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results indicate that there are potential pathogens on holds that demand thorough management for microbial prevention. Proposed methods include regular brushing and ethanol disinfection in addition to high-pressure washing with long cycles, which are the existing forms of hold management. Further studies on shoe management are advised to curb soil-derived microorganisms.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.80-87
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare in antiseptic effect between povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine-ethanol for laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the port site. A total of 46 patients admitted to surgery at one university hospital in Seoul were included in the study. A study group was randomly assigned using a random number table. The antiseptic effect was evaluated and compared to povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine-ethanol by using a culture and identification of bacteria, measurement of the number of bacteria (CFU/ml) and incidence of surgical site infection. Our results show that povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine-ethanol have no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of bacteria after 3 minutes of disinfection and before removal of the trocar and in the number of bacteria and the incidence of surgical site infection. Thus, in order to select an efficient and appropriate skin antiseptics, we suggest that it is necessary to consider not only the disinfectant effect but also cost and convenience. In this research, our results about effect and usage of skin antiseptics can be used as basic data and educational resource, and this is expected to improve comprehension of skin antiseptics.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare the number of bacteria before and after the use of surface disinfectants, demonstrate the bactericidal effect of surface disinfectants, and emphasize on the importance of surface disinfectants by recognizing the importance of infection control in dentistry. Chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, and chemical disinfectants are commonly used in dentistry. NaOCl was selected as the experimental group, and the bacterium test results obtained by comparing the table without surface sterilization as a control group showed that all disinfectants had an effective bactericidal effect (p<0.05). In the growth inhibition test comparing the experimental and control groups, all results were 100%, proving the effectiveness of surface disinfectants. The results showed that all surface disinfectants preferred and used by medical institutions were effective. Therefore, all surface disinfectants used in the experimental group were effective for surface disinfection for infection control. Dental clinicians should be aware of the necessity of disinfection of surfaces, such as table, chairs, and unit chairs, and make an active effort to ensure that both clinicians and patients are safe from infection.