• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.332-339
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic effects of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients who underwent surgical resection. Materials and Methods: A total of 63 non-metastatic TNBC patients who underwent surgical resection were retrospectively investigated from 2007 to 2016 in Inje University Busan Paik Hospital. Pathological tests revealed that 12 patients (19.0%) had LVI. Approximately 61.9% (n = 39) of the patients' samples stained positive for p53. Additional chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) were performed in 53 (84.1%) and 47 (74.6%) patients, respectively. Results: The median follow-up period was 39.5 months (range, 5.9 to 123.0 months). The pathological T stage (p = 0.008), N stage (p = 0.014), and p53 positivity (p = 0.044) were associated with LVI. Overall, the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate were 85.4% and 90.2%, respectively. Ten patients (15.9%) experienced relapse. LVI (n = 12) was associated with relapses (p = 0.016). p53 positivity was correlated with poor DFS (p = 0.048). Furthermore, LVI was related to poor DFS (p = 0.011) and OS (p = 0.001) and considered as an independent prognostic factor for DFS (p = 0.039). The 3-year DFS of patients with LVI (n = 12) was only 58.3%. Adjuvant RT minimized the negative prognostic effect of LVI on DFS (p = 0.068 [with RT] vs. p = 0.011 [without RT]). Conclusion: LVI was related to the detrimental effects of disease progression and survival of TNBC patients. Thus, a more effective treatment strategy is needed for TNBC patients with LVI.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.359-368
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• 1995

목적 : 자궁경부암환자에서 근치적 목적으로 방사선치료를 외부조사와 강내조사를 시행한 환자의 실패양상과 생존율을 관찰하고 예후인자를 분석하기 위하여 본 연구를 시도하였다. 방법 : 1982년 3월 부터 1990년 5월 까지 8년간 자궁경부암으로 진단받고 이대부속병원 치료방사선과에서 방사선치료를 시행한 환자 280예 중 근치목적의 방사선치료로서 외부조사와 강내조사를 완료한 환자 114예를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 하였다. 연령분포는 30세에서 77세 까지로 중앙값은 53세이었다. FIGO에 의한 병기분포는 IB 19예($16.7{\%}$), IIA 23예($20.2{\%}$), IIB 42예($36.8{\%}$), IIIA 12예($10.5{\%}$), IIIB 18예($15.8{\%}$)이었다. 병리조직학적소견은 112예가 편평상피암이었고 2예는 선암이었다. 방사선치료방법으로 외부조사는 6MV 선형가속기(6MV,NEC 1000X)를 사용하여 전 골반강에 40-54 Gy를 조사하였으며, 강내조사는 Cs-137 밀봉선원으로 Fletcher-Suit applicator를 사용하여 1회 내지 2회 시행하여 point A에 40-42 Gy를 조사하여 point A의 총 방사선 선량은 병기 IB-IIA는 80-90 Gy(중앙값: 8580 cGy)로, IIB이상은 85-100 Gy(중앙값: 8850 cGy)로 하였다. 추적기간은 1개월에서 85개월로서 중앙값은 30개월이었다. 결과 : 국소실패만 보인 경우는 20예로 전체환자의 $17.5{\%}$이었으며 원격전이와 동반한 국소실패를 보인 경우는 7예($6.1{\%}$)로 전체 국소실패율은 $23.7{\%}$(27/114)이었다. 병기에 따른 국소실패율은 IB에서 $10.5{\%}$, IIA에서 $8.7{\%}$, IIB에서 $23.8{\%}$, IIIA에서 $50.5{\%}$, IIIB에서 $38.9{\%}$이었다. 국소실패부위는 자궁경부가 가장 많아서 전체 국소실패의 $37.5{\%}$(12/32)를 차지하였으며 다음은 자궁막조직으로 $34.3{\%}$(11/32)이었다. 원격전이만 있는 보인 경우는 6예로 전체환자의 $5.3{\%}$를 차지하였다. 원격전이된 부위는 골에 가장 많았으며(4/14), 다음으로 쇄골상관절종(3/14), 간(2/14)의 순으로 나타났다. 재발시기는 치료완료후 3개월에서 50개월이며 중앙값은 15개월이었다. 합병증으로 직장손상이 5예, 방광손상이 9예로서 총 14예($12.3{\%}$)이었다. 전체환자의 5년 생존율은 $70.5{\%}$이었고 병기 IB는 $100{\%}$, IIA는 $76.9{\%}$, IIB는 $77.6{\%}$, IIIA는 $87.5{\%}$, IIIB는 $69.1{\%}$이었다. 5년 무병생존율은 전체환자에서 $53.6{\%}$이었으며, 병기 IB는 $81.3{\%}$, IIA는 $67.9{\%}$, IIB는 $46.8{\%}$, IIIA는 $45.4{\%}$, IIIB는 $34.4{\%}$를 보였다. 무병생존율에 관계되는 예후인자는 다변수 분석에 의하면 performance status(P=0.0063)와 치료반응율(P=0.0026)은 유의성이 있었으나 병기,나이 및 point A의 방사선 선량은 유의성이 없었다. 결론: 자궁경부암환자에서 방사선치료 단독요법에 의한 치료성적은 병기 IB와 IIA는 양호하였으나 IIB이상에서 Point A의 방사선 선량을 90 Gy이상 증가시켜도 국소실패율이 높고 생존율의 향상을 얻을 수 없기 때문에 항암제 혹은 방사선감작제와 병용함으로써 국소제어율을 높이고 원격전이를 감소시키는 방법이 앞으로 연구되어져야 할 과제라고 생각된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2001

목적 : 비인강암 환자의 방사선치료 성적을 후향적으로 분석하여 방사선치료의 효과와 예후인자를 분석하고자 하였다. 대사 및 방법 : 1989년 9월부터 1996년 10월까지 비인강암으로 진단받고 방사선치료를 받은 19명을 대상으로 하였다. 병기별로 보면 I 병기가 2명, II 병기가 6명, III 병기가 2명, IV 병기가 9명이었다. 병리조직학적으로 편평세포암이 5명, 미분화세포암이 14명이었다. 14명은 방사선치료만을 받았다. 5명은 항암제치료를 받았다. 추적 기간은 5개월에서 115개월이였으며 중앙값은 33개월이었다. 모든 환자에게서 추적이 가능하였다. 결과 : 방사선치료 후 15명$(79\%)$에서 완전관해를 보였고 2명$(10.5\%)$에서 부분관해를 보였으며 2명$(10.5\%)$에서는 무반응을 보였다. 치료실패 양상은 국소 실패가 6명이었으며 원격전이가 4명에서 나타났다. 원격전이는 뼈, 간, 폐 등에서 관찰되었다. 전체 환자의 5년 생존율은 $47.4\%$이었고 5년 무병 생존율은 $48.1\%$였다. 병기, T 병기, N 병기, 뇌신경침윤 여부, 병리학적 유형, 활동지수, 반응도, 방사선량, 항암제 치료여부 등에 의한 생존율의 의미 있는 통계적 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 전체 환자의 5년 생존율은 $47.4\%$이었고 5년 무병 생존율은 $48.1\%$이었다. 치료 효과를 증가시키기 위하여 방사선치료 방법의 개선 및 항암제치료 방법에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2018

Background: Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) has the advantage of allowing arterial grafting on the left anterior descending artery without a sternotomy incision. We present our single-center clinical experience of 66 consecutive patients. Methods: All patients underwent MIDCAB through a left anterior small thoracotomy between August 2007 and July 2015. Preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative and follow-up data - including major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), graft patency, and the need for re-intervention - were collected. Results: The mean age of the patients was $69.4{\pm}11.1years$ and 73% were male. There was no conversion to an on-pump procedure or a sternotomy incision. The 30-day mortality rate was 1.5%. There were no cases of stroke, although 2 patients had to be re-explored for bleeding, and 81.8% were extubated in the operating room or on the day of surgery. The median stay in the intensive care u nit and in the hospital were 1.5 and 9.6 days, respectively. The median follow-up period was 11 months, with a 5-year overall survival rate of $85.3%{\pm}0.09%$ and a 5-year MACCE-free survival rate of $72.8%{\pm}0.1%$. Of the 66 patients, 32 patients with 36 grafts underwent a postoperative graft patency study with computed tomography angiography or coronary angiography, and 88.9% of the grafts were patent at $9.7{\pm}10.8months$ postoperatively. Conclusion: MIDCAB is a safe procedure with low postoperative morbidity and mortality and favorable mid-term MACCE-free survival.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1545-1551
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• 2015

Purpose: Rectal cancers with high microsatellite-instable have clinical and pathological features that differentiate them from microsatellite-stable or low-frequency carcinomas, which was studied rarely in stage II rectal cancer, promoting the present investigation of the usefulness of microsatellite-instability status as a predictor of the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil in stage II rectal cancer. Patients and Methods: Data of 460 patients who underwent primary anterior resection with a double stapling technique for rectal carcinoma at a single institution from 2008 to 2012 were retrospectively collected. All patients experienced a total mesorectal excision (TME) operation. Survival analysis were analyzed using the Cox regression method. Results: Five-year rate of disease-free survival (DFS) was noted in 390 (84.8%) of 460 patients with stage II rectal cancer. Of 460 tissue specimens, 97 (21.1%) exhibited high-frequency microsatellite instability. Median age of the patients was 65 (50-71) and 185 (40.2%) were male. After univariate and multivariate analysis, microsatellite instability (p= 0.001), female sex (p<0.05) and fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy (p<0.001), the 3 factors were attributed to a favorable survival status independently. Among 201 patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, those cancers displaying high-frequency microsatellite instability had a better 5-year rate of DFS than tumors exhibiting microsatellite stability or low-frequency instability (HR, 13.61 [95% CI, 1.88 to 99.28]; p= 0.010), while in 259 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy, there was no DFS difference between the two groups (p= 0.145). Furthermore, patients exhibiting microsatellite stability or low-frequency instability who received adjuvant chemotherapy had a better 5-year rate of DFS than patients did not (HR, 5.16 [95% CI, 2.90 to 9.18]; p<0.001), while patients exhibiting high-frequency microsatellite instability were not connected with increased DFS (p= 0.696). It was implied that female patients had better survival than male. Conclusion: Survival status after anterior resection of rectal carcinoma is related to the microsatellite instability status, adjuvant chemotherapy and gender. Fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy benefits patients of stage II rectal cancer with microsatellite-stable or low microsatellite-instable, but not those with high microsatellite-instable. Additionally, free of adjuvant chemotherapy, carcinomas with high microsatellite-instable have a better 5-year rate of DFS than those with microsatellite-stable or low microsatellite-instable, and female patients have a better survival as well.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3447-3450
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• 2014

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of bevacizumab concomitant with pemetrexed in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: A total of 72 patients were randomly divided into a combination group (pemetrexed+bevacizumab, n=36) and a pemetrexed group (n=36) and assessed for disease control (CR+PR+SD) after 4-cycles of first-line GP chemotherapy (gemcitabine+cisplatin). Clinical efficacy, progression-free survival time (PFS), overall survival time (OS), overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and rate of adverse responses between two groups were observed and compared. Results: ORR and DCR were 27.8% and 83.4% in combination group, and 16.7% and 69.5% in the pemetrexed group, respectively, but there were no significant differences (P>0.05). PFS in combination group and pemetrexed group were 4.6 months and 3.9 months respectively (P=0.09), whereas OS in the combination group was 14 months, evidently higher than in the pemetrexed group (11 months, P=0.004). Adverse responses in both groups included high blood pressure, bleeding, thrombocytopenia, anemia, elevated transaminase, diarrhea, vomiting and proteinuria, but there were no significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusions: Bevacizumab concomitant with pemetrexed has better clinical efficacy and safety, giving rise to prolonged survival time in patients with advanced NSCLC.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.235-245
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• 1989

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a highly malignant soft tissue sarcoma that can arise in any site of the body containing striated muscle or its mesenchymal analgae. It is the most common childhood sarcoma with two peak age frequencies, one at ages 2 to 6, and one in the adolescence. The site, stage and extent of disease, and pathologic characteristics of the tumor contribute to prognostic factors that influence therapeutic decisions. The results of treatment of 52 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, who were treated at Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yosei Cancer Center from 1976 to 1987 were retrospectively analyzed. The most frequent clinical group and primary sites were IRS group III (57.7%) and head and neck (42.3%) including orbit (11.5%) and parameningeal region(13.5%). The overall and disease free 5 year survival rate of eligible 41 patients were 31.7%, 29.3%, respectively. The complete remission (CR) rate was 50% in clinical group III and 0% in IV. Primary tumors of the orbit, clinical group 1 and embryonal subtype had the best prognosis. The Survival rate was improved by additiion of chemotherapy to operation and radiation therapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.253-258
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• 1995

Purpose : To evaluate the effects of postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy on the pattern of failure and survival for locally advanced rectal carcinoma, we analyzed the two groups of patients who received curative resection only and who received postoperative radiochemotherapy retro-spectively. Materials and Methods : From June 1989 to December 1992, ninety nine patients with rectal cancer were treated by curative resection and staged as B2-3 or C. Group I(25) patients received curative resection only and group II(74) patients postoperative adjuvant therapy. Postoperative adiuvant group received radiation therapy (4500cGy/25fx to whole pelvis) with 5-FU (500mg/$m^2$, day 1-3 IV infusion) as radiosensitizer and maintenance chemotherapy with 5-FU(400mg/$m^2$ for 5 days) and leucovorin (20mg/m^2$ for 5 days) for 6 cycles. Results : The patients in group I and group II were comparable in terms of age sex, performance status, but in group II $74{\%}$ of patients showed stage C compared with $56{\%}$ of group I. All patients were followed from 6 to 60 months with a median follow up of 29 months. Three year overall survival rates and disease free survival rates were $68\%,\;64\%$ respectively in group I and $64\%,\;61\%$, respectively in group II. There was no statistical difference between the two treatment groups in overall survival rate and disease free survival rate. Local recurrences occurred in $28{\%}$ of group I, $21{\%}$ of group II (p>.05) and distant metastases occurred in $20{\%}$ of group I, $27{\%}$ of group II(p>.05). The prognostic value of several variables other than treatment modality was assessed. In multivariate analysis for prognostic factors stage and histologic grade showed statistically significant effect on local recurrences and lymphatic or vessel invasion on distant metastasis. Conclusion : This retrospective study showed no statistical difference between two groups on the pattern of failure and survival. But considering that group II had more advanced stage and poor prognostic factors than group I, postoperative adjuvant radiochemotherapy improves the results for locally advanced rectal carcinoma as compared with curative surgery alone.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1998

배경 : 직장암에서 근치적 절제술을 시행한 후에 병리소견상 장막을 침범하였거나 임파절 전이가 있는 경우에 수술 후 방사선 치료와 항암화학요법을 시행하는 것이 국소재발을 억제하고 생존율을 높일 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 연세암센타에서도 수술 후 국소 진행성 병변이거나 임파절 전이가 있는 경우에 5-FU와 Leucovorin을 방사선 치료와 같이 사용하여 왔으며, 그 치료 결과를 방사선 치료 단독군과 비교 고찰하여 방사선치료와 항암화학요법 병용치료의 효과를 평가해 보았다. 대상 및 방법 : 1989년 10월부터 1994년 5월까지 연세암센타에 내원하여 방사선치료를 받았던 142 명의 환자들을 대상으로 하였고, 방사선 단독치료군은 69명, 방사선 항암화학요법 병용치료군은 73명이었다. 대상환자를 살펴보면 병기는 방사선 단독치료군과 병용치료군에서 B2가 24예($35.3\%$)와 24예($32.9\%$), B3가 2예($2.9\%$)와 3예($4.1\%$), Cl이 1예($1.5\%$)와 4예($5.5\%$), C2가 33예($48.5\%$)와 36예($49.3\%$), C3가 8예($11.8\%$)와 6예($8.2\%$)로 방사선 단독치료군과 항암제 방사선 병용치료군의 Modified Astler-Coller 병기는 대등한 분포를 보였다. 수술 후 치료로 방사선 단독치료군은 골반강에 4500cGy를 조사후 원발부위에 540-1600cGy의 축소조사를 시행하여 총 4500-6040cGy를 조사하였고(중앙값 5400cGy), 병용치료군은 수술 후 1-2개월에 5-FU을 단독으로(평균 494.8$mg/m^2$, 13예) 또는 5-FU와 Leucovorin을 함께(5-FU 393.9$mg/m^2$, Leucovorin 20$mg/m^2$, 60예) 5일씩 4주 간격으로 2차례 시행한 후, 9주째에 방사선 치료를 시작하고 방사선치료 첫 주와 5주의 방사선치료시작일에 각각 3일간 3차, 4차 항암제를 같은 양으로 병합시행하근 그 후 4주간격으로 시행하여 총3-12차례에 걸쳐 항암화학요법을 시행하였다. 방사선치료는 골반강에 4500cGy를 조사 후 축소조사하여 총 4500-5040cGy를 조사하였다(중앙값 5040cGy). 추적관찰기간은 3-81개월로 중앙값이 38개월이었다. 결과 : 5년 생존율은 방사선 단독치료군과 병용치료군에서 각각 $60.1\%,\;66.3\%$로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았고(p=0.39), 5년 무병생존율도 각각 $54.2\%,\;65.5\%$로 병용치료군에서 약간 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 못했다(p=0.18). 원격전이없는 생존율도 $55.2\%$와 $68.6\%$로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.12). 그러나 5년 국소제어생존율은 단독치료군 $50.3\%$, 병용치료군 $65.8\%$로 병용치료군에서 높은것으로 나타났다(p=0.04). 결론 : 수술 후 국소재발억제와 원격전이를 줄여 무병생존율과 생존율을 높이기 위해 시행한 항암제 방사선 병용치료는 수술후 방사선치료 단독시행한 치료군보다 국소제어율을 높여주는 것을 알 수 있었으나($50.3\%\;vs.\;65.8\%,\;p=0.04$), 원격전이에는 영향을 주지 못하여 무병생존율이나 생존율에 유의한 차이를 보이지 못하였다.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 1995

The prognosis of parosteal osteosarcoma is better than any other malignant bone tumors, but there are many controversies in its treatment. We tried to evaluate the prognosis and the effectiveness of limb-salvage operation in the treatment of the parosteal osteosarcoma. We experienced 12 patients of conventional parosteal osteosarcoma(2 males and 10 females) from 1981 to 1991. The limb-salvage operations with wide resection margin were done in 8 patients(5 tumer prosthesis, 2 resection arthrodesis and 1 vascularized fibular transplantation), marginal en-bloc resection and amputation in 2 patients, respectively. The duration of mean follow up was 5 years and 9 months, ranging from 2 year-3 months to 11 years, except of the patient who died with metastasis 1 year 8 months after. The disease-free survival rate(DFSR) of all patients was 68% and that of the patients treated with limb-salvage operation was 88% at 7 years. The DFSR was 33% with marginal margin(3 cases) and 89% with wide margin(9 cases) at 7 years. The results were unsatisfactory in the conventional parosteal osteosarcoma treated with marginal resection. The limb-salvage operation with wide surgical margin was thought to be the treatment of choice.