• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the level of disease condition and ADL by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The subjects of the study consisted of eighty-four outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis at a university hospital in Taegu between July 20, 1999 and August 25, 1999. The instruments used in this study were the self-efficacy developed by Lorig et al. (1989), the pain scale developed by Lee and Song(1987), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), the pain joint count to measure disease condition scale, and the ADL scale developed by Katz et al. (1970) and Barthel(1973). Analysis of data was done by use of descriptive statistics: Pearson Correlation, Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe, with the SPSS program. The major findings can be summarized as follows: 1. The first hypothesis, "There will be differences in the level of disease condition by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was partially supported. 1-1. "There will be differences in the level of pain by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was supported(F=3.422, p=.037). 1-2. "There will be differences in the level of ESR by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was the Disease Condition and supported (F=3.314, p=.041). 1-3. "There will be differences in the level of pain joints count by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was rejected(F=2.602, p=.080). 2. The second hypothesis, "There will be differences in the level of ADL by self-efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis" was supported(F=7.067, p=.001). With the above results, it can be concluded that the higher level of self-efficacy contributed to the better level of disease condition and ADL in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, by providing nursing intervention to promote the level of self-efficacy of rheumatoid arthritis patients with low self-efficacy, disease condition and ADL would be much better.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.16-24
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• 2008

Anatomy: Advanced knowledges of cellular and molecular biology led to the development of therapies of rheumatoid arthritis(RA). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, recurrent, systemic inflammatory disease and results in major deformity or dysfunction of joints. Etiology: Rheumatoid arthritis is now concevied as autoimmune disease. There have been many trials to define the immunological changes in rheumatoid arthritis. But now pathogenesis and significance of immunoglobulin complement and rheumatoid factor are not full accepted. Syndrome: Joints are characteristically involved with early inflammatory changes in the synovial membrane, peripheral portions of the articular cartilage, and lation tissue(pannus) forms, covers, and erodes the articular cartilage, bone and ligaments within the jiont capsule. Inflammatory changes also occur in tendon sheaths(tenosynovitis), and if subjected to a lot of friction, the tendons may fray or rupture. Extra-articular pathological changes sometimes occur, these include rheumatoid nodules, atrophy and fibrosis of muscles, and mild cardiac changes. Treatment: Tumor necrosis factor(TNF) inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) induces not only significant improvement of symptoms and signs of RA but also substantial inhibition of progressive joint damage.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the level of pain and fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Method: The subjects for this study were 120 patients registered in S University Hospital, and the period of data collection was from June 20, 2005 to October 15, 2005. Results: The research instruments used in this study were the Graphic Rating Scale of Pain and Fatigue, and the cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of Fatigue scale was .90. In data analysis, SPSSWIN 12.0 program was used for descriptive statistics. The results were as follows. 1) The range of total pain scores was from 10 to 100 and the mean score of the pain in rheumatoid arthritis patients was 53.70. 2) The range of total fatigue scores was from 20 to 58 and the mean score of the fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis patients was 36.04. 3) There was a significant difference in pain according to duration of disease(F=3.934, p<.05). 4) There was a significant difference in fatigue according to duration of disease(F=3.442, p<.05). 5) The level of fatigue was significant correlation with the level of pain in rheumatoid arthritis patients(r=.217, p<.01). Conclusion: The level of fatigue was significant correlation with the level of pain in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Therefore nursing interventions decreasing the pain perceived by rheumatoid arthritis patients are needed to decrease there fatigue levels.

• 대한근관절건강학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.134-146
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• 1997

Sixty-nine articles were reviewed to understand the depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Among these articles, forty seven were the studies that dealt with depression in rheumatoid disease, nineteen studied the depression in patients with other chronic disease or in normals, and three were the studies that compared the depression in the patients with rheumatic disease and in the other subjects. Specifically, the articles were analyzed (1) to determine whether the patients with rheumatic arthritis were more depressed than normal population or subjects with other chronic diseases ; (2) to test whether the measurement problems exit ; (3) to identify the disease related, personal, psychologic, and demographic variables to affect the depression and (4) to identify the nursing interventions which improve the depression in rheumatoid arthritis. Based upon these results, some suggestion were made for future research and practice.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.511-518
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• 1997

For the perfect cure of rheumatoid arthritis, the ultimate hope of patients and therapist, it is necessary to find a patient early and treat him properly and to teach him what rheumatoid arthritis is. 1. Although rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease and its cause is uncertain matke the patient understand that there are many ways to reduce symptoms and to prevent deformation. 2. Explain the peculiarity and the procedure of rheumatoid arthritis to the patient and encourage him. 3. Teach the patient how to protect his arthrosises by showing him concrete movement. 4. Teach the patient or his family the ways to relieve rheumatoid arthritis easily in his house for continuous remedy. In order to make that remedy most effective for the patient, a complex and balanced treatment, considering medication, surgical teatment and rehabilitative treatment, has to be applied, which needs team work. Team work occurs when doctors, physiotherapists, nurses, nutritionists, clinical psychologists, prosthesis manufacturers, social workers, employment agents and the family of the patient work together. The members of the tern have to onderstand the procedure of the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and apply proper remedies according to the condition of the patient.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.80 no.2
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• pp.113-135
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• 2017

Asthma is traditionally regarded as a chronic airway disease, and recent literature proves its heterogeneity, based on distinctive clusters or phenotypes of asthma. In defining such asthma clusters, the nature of comorbidity among patients with asthma is poorly understood, by assuming no causal relationship between asthma and other comorbid conditions, including both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. However, emerging evidence suggests that the status of asthma significantly affects the increased susceptibility of the patient to both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Specifically, the impact of asthma on susceptibility to noncommunicable diseases such as chronic systemic inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), may provide an important insight into asthma as a disease with systemic inflammatory features, a conceptual understanding between asthma and asthma-related comorbidity, and the potential implications on the therapeutic and preventive interventions for patients with asthma. This review discusses the currently under-recognized clinical and immunological phenotypes of asthma; specifically, a higher risk of developing a systemic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis and their implications, on the conceptual understanding and management of asthma. Our discussion is divided into three parts: literature summary on the relationship between asthma and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis; potential mechanisms underlying the association; and implications on asthma management and research.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-50
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• 2001

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. Although the joints are the major loci of the disease activity, fatigue is a common extraarticular symptom that exists in all gradations of rheumatoid arthritis. Fatigue is defined as a subjective sense of generalized tiredness or exhaustion and has multiple dimensions. Therefore fatigue is a common and frequent problem for those with rheumatoid arthritis. In fact, 88-100% of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis experience fatigue. Especially the degree of fatigue is higher in women than men with rheumatoid arthritis. Despite the importance of fatigue among the patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the mechanism that leads to fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis is not completely understood. This study was intended to test and validate a model to predict fatigue in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Especially it was intended to identify the direct and indirect effects of the variables of pain, disability, depression, sleep disturbance, morning stiffness, and symptom duration to fatigue. Data were collected by questionnaires including Multidimensional Assesment of Fatigue(Tack, 1991), numeric scale of pain, graphic scale of joints, Ritchie Articular Index, Korean Health Assessment Questionnaire(Bae, et al., 1998), Inventory of Function Status(Tulman, et al., 1991), Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression, and Korean Sleep Scale(Oh, et al 1998). The sample consisted of 345 women with a mean duration of rheumatoid arthritis for 10.06 years and a mean age of 49.64 years. SPSS win and Win LISREL were used for the data analysis. Structural equation modeling revealed the overall fit of the model. Pain predicted fatigue directly and indirectly through disability, depression, and sleep disturbance. Disability, sleep disturbance predicted fatigue only directly, while depression only indirectly through disability and sleep disturbance. Also morning stiffness and symptom duration predicted fatigue through disability and depression. All predictors accounted for 65% of the variance of fatigue. Depression, pain, and disability predicted sleep disturbance. Depression had reciprocal relationship with disability and they both were predicted by pain directly and indirectly. In summary, pain, depression, disability, sleep disturbance, morning stiffness, and symptom duration contributed to the fatigue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The best predictor of fatigue was pain. This finding indicates that the modification of pain, depression, disability, sleep disturbance, morning stiffness could be nursing intervention for relief or prevention of fatigue.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.288-296
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• 2004

Purpose: Illness intrusiveness (illness induced lifestyle disruption) by symptoms was investigated in 439 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: The cross-sectional and retrospective survey design was used. Fatigue, disability, pain, and depression were considered as symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Result: Patients were reported to perceive more illness intrusiveness than other chronic disease patients such as end stage renal disease, bipolar disorder, and peritoneal dialysis patients. They were especially intrusive into work, health, and active recreation domains. Stepwise regression analysis identified four variables counting for 26% of illness intrusiveness variances: fatigue, disability, marital status, and depression. All of the symptoms except pain were found to significantly predict illness intrusiveness. Fatigue explained 16% of illness intrusiveness variances. Conclusion: Fatigue and depression usually overlooked by health professionals must be carefully assessed and managed to reduce perceived illness for rheumatoid arthritis patients.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.158-163
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• 2003

Rheumatoid arthritis is a popular disease in clinic. It is a chronic disorders with general joint pain and stiffness as it is chief complain and it will develop to deformity if it isn't treated medically. This cases of rheumatoid arthritis has treated for Taeeumin Jowiseungchungtang(調胃升淸湯). The general symptoms are improved as a result such treatments.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.200-208
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the foundations for the application of appropriate programs for pain reduction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The literature on patients with rheumatoid arthritis were found on an electronic search site for South Korean academic papers. The search terms "rheumatism" and "rheumatoid arthritis" were used independently. The combined terms "rheumatism and pain" and "rheumatoid arthritis and pain" were also used. For the meta-analysis, the R version 3.5.1 program was utilized. Results: The meta-analysis of eight papers showed a large effect size of -4.11. The programs were most effective in the order of aquatic exercise, aromatherapy, self-help education, muscle strength exercises, and tai chi. Conclusion: This study could provide the basis for presenting appropriate programs for pain management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.