• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제6권11호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2006

국가/민족에 대한 상상으로서의 팩션 영화가 하나의 경향을 이루고 있다. <실미도>와 <한반도>는 이러한 팩션적 상상력이 블록버스터적 기획과 조우한 전형적 예라고 할 수 있다. 이 논문은 국가/민족 재현의 영화적 전통과 한국영화사에 나타난 국가/민족의 도구적 재현의 역사를 개괄한 후, <실미도>와 <한반도>에서 특수하게 나타나는 재현 전략을 분석을 통해 그 결과로서 드러난 내셔널리즘의 이데올로기적 성격을 규명할 것이다. 이러한 연구는 영화뿐 아니라 최근의 드라마에서 보여지는 팩션적 상상력의 담론적 측면을 고찰하는 데도 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국연극학
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• 제40호
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• pp.61-96
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• 2010

This research established that the two characteristics of Femail Gugguek were explored on the character as genre and the nationalism discourse. This research also included how to encounter the characteristic of Female Gugguek as a popular entertainment with the social context at the time and how to re-produce the social ideology. The 'historical nationalism narrative' piercing Female Gugguek had the close relation with the nation/state discourse of the time. The history reproduced by Female Gugguek was not real. It was the imagined past, the history as image. The Female Gugguek was a genre which typically showed how to intermediate fantasy, ideology and narrative. The happy-endings with the victory of male hero, the narrative pattern on overcoming national crisis, the narrative emphasizing the glorious past and the unification of nation, all these were projected the discourse on nationalistic ideology and nation/state-making in 1950's. The Utopian desire of Female Guggeuk imagining the glorious past and strong nation was the fantasy which concealed the contradiction in real life and the national identity damaged by colonial experience, division of territory, governance by U.S. Military Government and the Korean War. The Female Guggeuk was doing well, because it had amusement. Futhermore, imagination of glorious past and strong state/nation of Female Guggeuk satisfied the public's desire of escapism and wish to establish their position and identity in the rapid social-economic changes. However, Female Guggeuk repeatedly produced the never-changing characters, narrative pattern and conservative world-view. Thus, it became regarded as immature and obsolete thing in late 1950's. Female Guggeuk, which kept re-producing the retrogressive image of the past without modern viewpoint and interpretation, was not sensitive about change of time and trend of the people. Consequently, it was pushed out of people's major interest.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.146-160
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• 2009

최근 개발(발전)에 관한 인류학적 지리학적 연구는 특정 민족국가 내의 개발 담론과 이의 제도화 과정을 분석하는 데에 관심을 두고, 개발이 민족국가, 통치성, 재현과 어떻게 접합되어 있는지에 초점을 둔다. 특히, 이러한 연구는 개발 담론이 저개발과 빈곤을 창조하고 고안하는 과정, 과학과 전문 용어를 동원하여 개발이라는 미명 하에 특정 지역에서의 폭력적인 공간적 실천을 정당화하는 과정, 그리고 이러한 과정에서 개발 기구를 제도화하여 국가적 통치 역량을 제고하는 과정을 비판적으로 검토한다. 이러한 연구의 연장선상에서, 본 연구는 한국을 사례로 하여 초국가주의 및 글로벌화와 같은 탈영역화에 따른 국가적 축적의 위기를 초국적 민족주의를 기반으로 하는 재영역화의 전략을 통해 어떻게 극복하는가를 분석한다. 특히, 한국의 재외동포재단을 초국적 국가 기구로 문제 설정한 후, 이 기구가 어떠한 맥락에서 제도화되기 시작했는지, 이 기구가 어떻게 이질적인 디아스포라 주체를 '재외동포'라는 하나의 등질적 집단으로 상상, 생산해 내는지, 그리고 어떠한 프로그램을 통해 그들의 자원과 네트워크를 모국의 기회로 전유하는지에 초점을 둔다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.315-338
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• 2014

In The Great Hunger (1942) Patrick Kavanagh opens an Irish postnationalist discourse. Taking advantage of historical revisionism and postcolonialism, he not only demystifies a romantic nationalist ideology rooted in rural Ireland but also searches for an autonomous literary tradition free of the Irish Literary Revival, supposedly an outcome of a colonial influence. As a farmer-poet, Kavanagh deconstructs in two ways myths of rural areas, to which the Revivalists aspire. Contrary to Revivalism, he reveals that rural Ireland is not an idealized place where national identity arises and individual spirits are restored. It is instead a cruel place where farmer Maguire, deprived of health, wealth, and love, is tortured by hard labor in the field, moral regulations imposed by the Church, and his mother's domestic authority, all of which leave him unmarried until age sixty-five. Kavanagh also challenges the Revivalist tradition, led by W. B. Yeats commonly referred to as the poet of the nation, by indicting its reliance on former colonial authority and its lack of a sense of communal autonomy, both of which are diagnosed as "provincialism" by Kavanagh. Given that modern Irish literature has been strongly colored as nationalistic during the course of anticolonial resistance, Kavanagh's critique of the Revival in The Great Hunger, whose proponents blindly beautify the lives of farmers, runs directly against the grain of the founding ideology of the Irish nation-state. His voice, like that of a whistle-blower, disclosing the harsh realities of rural Ireland, ushers in a "post"-nationalist perspective on nation and national myths in Irish poetics.

• 영어영문학
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.793-820
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• 2009

The studies of correspondence between novel and nation-state, among which The Rise of the Novel by Ian Watt is supposed to be the first book, have flourished for more than twenty years, encouraged by Benedict Anderson's and Cathy Davidson's works. According to them, the novel should come simultaneously with, or after the foundation of the nation-state, and testify to its production or the emergence of its subject/citizen. This paper questions about these prepositions, trying to introduce a new paradigmatical approach, "between global and transnational historical approach," to first novels in transatlantic areas including England and atlantic coastal areas. In its complex relation to a variety of colonial, post-colonial, and transnational geopolitics, various cultural practices such as history, traveler's tales and epistolary novels can be included in the genre of the novel. The idea of the sexual contract by Carole Pateman is very useful because it helps more clearly understand the nature of relation between men and women in the capitalist reproduction, while the social contract tells about the relation between men as citizens. Unlike Freud in Totem and Taboo, Zilboorg argues that there were primordial and violent scenes such as rape before the first sexual contract. This paper will illuminate that "the rise of the novel" corresponded with the emergence of the sexual contract. In the so-called first novel Pamela, the heroine Pamela was threatened to be violated by Mr. B., and was really even confined in his cottage. Mary Rowlandson's The Captive Narrative shows that her body was confined as an English female captive, and troubled with imaginary rape by Indians which resulted in the unequal sexual contract between her and her puritan community in America. However, Leonora Sansay's Secret History in an alternative communality, which was not a nation-state, was different from both novels mentioned above, in that it shows the possibility of emancipation from their unequal marriage, the sexual contract. Therefore, it can be argued that "between global and transnational historical approach" has a possibility to provide a new vision of global sisterhood and solidarity to recognize globalized women's violence, and free themselves from the unequal sexual contract.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제31권
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• pp.261-293
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• 2005

본 연구는 한국 사회 내 주도적 담론, 지배적 정체성으로 작동하고 있는 '국민'의 기원을 추적해 보는 데 그 목적이 있다. '민족'이나 '민중', '시민', '인민'과 마찬가지로 '국민'은 식민지 근대가 배태한 매우 특수하고 역사적인 산물이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 그 뿌리에 대한 언어사회학적, 문화정치학적 고찰은 거의 없었다. 주체와 현실을 이어주는 일종의 이념적, 인식적 창틀로서 '국민'이라는 말이 어떠한 문맥 하에서 탄생하였는지 계보학적으로 쫓아보는 것은 이론적으로뿐만 아니라 실천적으로 매우 중요하다. 이런 측면에서 본 연구는 '국민'이라는 담론의 본격적 탄생 시기를 일제식민지 후기에 두고, 당시의 국가총동원체제가 여러 다양한 물리적 장치를 조건으로 해서 어떻게 '국민'이라는 담론과 주체를 형성했는지 비판적으로 살펴보고자 한다. 보통사람들을 '제국의 일분자'로 동원코자 한 일제라는 전체주의적 국가체제가 '국민'의 배후에 있음을 드러냄으로써, 해방 이후 지금까지 지속되고 있는 '국민' 담론의 선전적 한계와 파시즘적 본성을 밝히고자 한다. 본 연구는 지배적인 '국민' 담론에 대한 역사유물론적인 해체 작업으로서, 기본적으로 문화연구와 문화정치의 입장에서 접근할 것이다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제22권
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• pp.73-98
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• 2011

This study has as a object to investigate some various meanings of the discourses of postdevelopment of Arturo Escobar with the respect of the social movements of the indigenous and the afro-colombians in the area of the Pacific Coast of Colombia. The ideological lines of Escobar go around the group of critical discourse Modernity/(De)coloniality whose thesis lies on revealing the coloniality as principal elements of the modernity from the XVI century until now culminating in the neoliberal globalization. In another words, they try to seek for the alternative globalization based on the autonomy of the people who has been alienated for long time as 'others' by the eurocentrism of the power and the knowledge and on the equality of the cultural differences o the cosmovisions in Latin America. Escobar concentrates on the fact that the neoliberal regime would turn the nature into the environment considered as the resources for example the traditional knowledges of biodiversity of the indigenous as the capital of the pharmaceutical companies through the patents. However, the indigenous and the afro-colombians have fought fiercely to have them be maintained as a colective right of the possession not only to guard the economic interests but also their proper cultural traditions and the way of life based on the social solidarity of reciprocal care instead of the occidental individualism. This corresponds not only to the social relations but between the nature and the human society. And so, Arturo Escobar interprets these movements not only to defend the places but to express the cosmovisions of Postdevelopment further more the modern paradigm of nation-state.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제50권
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• pp.347-370
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• 2018

이 논문은 비교문학방법론의 쇄신과 재개념화의 방향을 제안한다. 비교문학은 서구중심주의와 식민주의의 흔적을 여전히 간직하고 있고 보편-특수라는 서구 근대학문의 인식론에 갇혀있으며 비교문학연구 방법론은 이러한 한계를 계속 유지하고 강화하는 수단으로 작동하고 있다. 비교문학은 기존의 등가 등치 관계에서 벗어나 디목의 "약한 이론," "긴 네트워크," 푸코의 "작가의 소멸" 등의 개념이 제시하는 방향, 즉 서구학문의 보편성 과학성의 한계를 드러내고 문학 담론의 역사성과 사회적 관계를 보여주는 방향으로 이동해야 하며 이를 위해 연구방법론의 변화가 담보되어야 한다. 인류학자 클리포드 기어츠의 "켜켜이 쌓인 묘사"라는 개념은 비교문학연구방법론을 재개념화하기 위한 유용한 출발점이다. 이 개념은 문화를 텍스트에 대한 해석들이 쌓아올리는 두께로 재정의하고 국민국가의 국가성을 다언어적 혼돈 위에 재설립하며 인문학의 과학성을 픽션화한다. 또한 근대학문의 체계화와 분류화, 추상화를 최대한 피하면서 과학성 합리성 보편성이라는 이름으로 행해지는 서구내셔널리즘을 문제화하고, 인간 삶과 그 의미의 풍부함을 충실히 드러내면서 문학담론을 더 '약하'고 더 '길'며 더 '두꺼운' 네트워크로 재개념화할 수 있도록 해준다.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제50호
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• pp.171-200
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• 2016

1910년대에 들어서면서 본격화한 일제의 '조선' 연구가 식민 정책의 일환이었다면 그에 대항하는 조선 연구는 국권 회복과 자주 독립의 염원을 담고 있었다. 이는 당대 '조선'이라는 개념이 발화주체에 따라 그 안에 내포된 의미와 지향이 상이했음을 의미한다. 대한제국의 소멸과 함께 근대 국가 건설은 좌절됐지만 민족의 이념 지형 안에서 '조선'은 새롭게 발견되었다. '조선'은 과거의 경험을 응축하면서 미래에 대한 기대를 담아내는 역사적 기본개념이 되어갔다. '조선학'은 학술의 장에 국한된 지식인들 사이의 담론이었으나, '조선'은 그 내 외부의 보다 다양한 사회 주체들의 발화를 포괄한다. 더욱이 개념과 담론의 상호 연관을 고려한다면 '조선학'은 '조선'의 역사적 의미론 속에서 독해되어야 마땅하다. 1920년대 문화운동의 흥기 속에서 안확은 "조선문명사"를 통해 고대 신화의 시대로부터 당대까지를 '조선'이라는 기표 아래에 묶어낸다. 역사 실증주의의 미명 아래 자행된 일제의 역사 왜곡에 맞서 조선의 역사를 서양 민주주의 정체에 비견해도 뒤지지 않는 문명으로 이상화한다. 안확은 '조선' 연구를 문화 전반으로 확장하는 가운데 조선의 미술과 문학을 넘어 조선철학의 탄생을 예고했다. "조선철학사상개관"은 '조선철학'을 하나의 독립적 학문영역으로 사고한 최초의 기술로써, 조선의 학술과 사상의 특수성을 인류의 보편적 문명사의 관점에서 파악하려했던 작업의 일환이었다. 안확은 철학을 조선의 3대 발달 가운데 하나로 제시하고, 조선 철학사의 특색을 서양과 비교하여 특정함으로써 조선철학의 고유성과 독자성을 주장했다. '종(倧)'을 조선철학의 시원이자 근세에까지 이르는 사상적 근저로 파악하면서 불교와 유교의 수용도 조선철학의 발전으로 인식했다. 전통 지식체계의 근대적 전환과정에서 탄생한 '조선철학'은 전통 지를 근대적 학문 분류 체계에 적용하여 재해석하고 재구축하는 지적 실험이었다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제14호
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• pp.125-158
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• 2012

After liberation from Japanese colonial rule in 1945, there was the three-year period of United States Army Military Government in Korea. In 1948, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and Republic of Korea were established in the north and south of the Korean Peninsula. The Republic of Korea is now a modern state set in the southern part of the Korean. We usually refer to Koreans as people who belong to the Republic of Korea. Can we say that is true exactly? Why make of this an obsolete question? The period from 1945 when Korea was emancipated from Japanese colonial rule to 1948 when the Republic of Korea was established has not been a focus of modern Korean history. This three years remains empty in Korean history and makes the concept of 'Korean' we usually consider ambiguous, and prompts careful attention to the silence of 'some Koreans' forced to live against their will in the blurred boundaries between nation and people. This dissertation regards 'Koreans' who came to live in the border of nations, especially 'Korean-Japanese third generation women artists'who are marginalized both Japan and Korea. It questions the category of 'Korean women's art' that has so far been considered, based on the concept of territory, and presents a new perspective for viewing 'Korean women's art'. Almost no study on Korean-Japanese women's art has been conducted, based on research on Korean diaspora, and no systematic historical records exist. Even data-collection is limited due to the political situation of South and North in confrontation. Representation of the Mother Country on the Artworks by First and Second-Generation Korean-Japanese(Zainich) Women Artists after Liberation since 1945 was published in 2011 is the only dissertation in which Korean-Japanese women artists, and early artistic activities. That research is based on press releases and interviews obtained through Japan. This thesis concentrates on the world of Korean-Japanese third generation women artists such as Kim Jung-sook, Kim Ae-soon, and Han Sung-nam, permanent residents in Japan who still have Korean nationality. The three Korean-Japanese third generation women artists whose art world is reviewed in this thesis would like to reveal their voices as minorities in Japan and Korea, resisting power and the universal concepts of nation, people and identity. Questioning the general notions of 'Korean women' and 'Korean women's art'considered within the Korean Peninsula, they explore their identity as Korean women outside the Korean territory from a post-territorial perspective and have a new understanding of the minority's diversity and difference through their eyes as marginal women living outside the mainstream of Korean and Japanese society. This is associated with recent post-colonial critical viewpoints reconsidering myths of universalism and transcendental aesthetic measures. In the 1980s and 1990s art museums and galleries in New York tried a critical shift in aesthetic discourse on contemporary art history, analyzed how power relationships among such elements as gender, sexuality, race, nationalism. Ghost of Ethnicity: Rethinking Art Discourses of the 1940s and 1980s by Lisa Bloom is an obvious presentation about the post-colonial discourse. Lisa Bloom rethinks the diversity of race, ethnicity, sexuality, and gender each artist and critic has, she began a new discussion on artists who were anti-establishment artists alienated by mainstream society. As migration rapidly increased through globalism lead by the United States the aspects of diaspora experience emerges as critical issues in interpreting contemporary culture. As a new concept of art with hybrid cultural backgrounds exists, each artist's cultural identity and specificity should be viewed and interpreted in a sociopolitical context. A criticism started considering the distinct characteristics of each individual's historical experience and cultural identity, and paying attention to experience of the third world artist, especially women artists, confronting the power of modernist discourses from a perspective of the white male subject. Considering recent international contemporary art, the Korean-Japanese third generation women artists who clarify their cultural identity as minority living in the border between Korea and Japan may present a new direction for contemporary Korean art. Their art world derives from their diaspora experience on colonial trauma historically. Their works made us to see that it is also associated with postcolonial critical perspective in the recent contemporary art stream. And it reminds us of rethinking the diversity of the minority living outside mainstream society. Thus, this should be considered as one of the features in the context of Korean women's art.