• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.421-429
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• 2000

Two nurses' assications were organized in Korea during Japanese colonial period One was Choseon Ganhoboohoi(朝餘看護續會, the Korean Nurses' Association)started in 1923 and the other was Choseon Ganhoboohoiphoi started in 1924. Two nursing associations were very different in their members and activities. Choseon Ganhoboohoi was organized and lead by Western missionary nurses in Korea and their Korean pupil nurses. The aim of Choseon Ganhoboohoi was to become a member of ICN. Choseon Ganhoboohoi united with the Western Graduate nurses' Association in Korea, tried to raise the standard of nursing education, and became a branch of Japan Imperial Nurses' Association. All was to become a member of ICN. It continued 15 years and was quite active. But after the half of 1930s Japan's ruling policy became more and more suppressive and western missionaries were expelled from Korea so it could not but discontinue it's activities. Choseon Ganhoboohoiphoi(朝鮮觸護續協會) was organized and lead by Korean nurses. The aim of it was to do the role of nurses by social activities. So it tried health education for the public, It continued only about 2 years, But the leaders of Choseon Ganhoboohoiphoi moved to women's liberation movement and Korean liberation movement and tried to solve the problems of colonized women. The organizations and activities of Choseon Ganhoboohoi and Choseon Ganhoboohoi were two trends to develop Korean nursing during Japaneses Colonial period. The former asked for international cognizance by the raise of nursing standard, and the latter asked for national cognizance by social activities. Although two nurses' associations were different in their ways but quite same in the aspect that both tried for the development of nursing in Korea. But the colonial situation prevented them from continuing their activities. This means that the colonial situation of national level influenced deeply on the development of nursing profession.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.75 no.6
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• pp.256-259
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• 2013

Imatinib mesylate is a targeted therapy that acts by inhibiting tyrosine kinase of the bcr-abl fusion oncoprotein, which is specific to chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and the c-transmembrane receptor, which is specific to gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Interstitial pneumonitis is a rare adverse event of imatinib therapy. It is clinically difficult to distinguish from infectious pneumonia, which can frequently occur due to the underlying disease. The standard treatment for imatinib-induced pneumonitis is to discontinue the medication and optionally administer corticosteroids. However, there are a few cases of successful retrial with imatinib. We describe a case of successful rechallenge of imatinib in a patient with imatinib-induced interstitial pneumonitis and CML without a recurrence of the underlying disease after 3 months of follow-up.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.213-218
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is concerned with the development of production for heavy industrial and militaries weapon systems in the field of industries and militaries in Korea. In managing the discontinuance and obsolescence of components and systems. Particularly, defense heavy industries are supporting the designs and production of heavy and weapon systems. Therefore, it is more realistic to manage the discontinues of components and systems, but Heavy and Militaries supports the maintenance of the weapon systems from the maintenance and repairs stage, Discontinued management are imperturbable reality and are moving to be reactive. In order to maintain and operate expensive heavy and weapon systems, it is necessary to manage the Total Life Cycle supportability of the components and systems. Proactive management should be preceded by active management rather than reactive management. In addition, the Information Systems will make you suitable management systems.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.502-506
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• 2000

Background: Anticoagulant therapy can be required during pregnancy with prosthetic heart valves. Warfarin and heparin provide real protection against thromboembolic phenomena, but they also carry serious risks for the fetus and the mother. In an attempt to identify the best treatment for pregnant women with cardiac valve prostheses who are receiving anticoagulant, we studied 19 pregnancies, the warfarin was discontinued and heparin was administered every 12 hours by subcutaneous injection in doses adjusted to keep the midinterval aPTT in the therapeutic range(at least 2-2.5 control) from the conception to the 12th week of gestation and oral antiocagulant was then administered until the middle of the third trimester in the therapeutic range(at least 2 INR), and heparin therapy was restared until delivery. Also in order to avoid an anticoagulant effect during delivery, it has been our practice to instruct women to either discontinue their heparin injections with the onset of labur or to stop heparin injections 12 hours prior to the elective induction of labour. Result: The outcome of 19 pregnancies managed with above protocol was spontaneous abortion in 3 cases, voluntary termination in 2 cases, premature delivery at 35 weeks in 1 case and delivery at full-term in 14 cases. There was no maternal morbidity and moratality and fetopathy. Conclusion: We conclude that in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, warfarin provide effective protection against thromboembolism, Oral antiocagulant therapy should be avoided in 2 weeks before delivery because of the risk of serious perinatal bleeding caused by the trauma of delivery to the anticoagulated fetus. However, the substitution of heparin at first trimester and 2 weeks before delivery reduce the incidence of complications.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2020

Purpose: The Act on Hospice and Palliative Care and Decisions on Life-Sustaining Treatment for Patients at the End of Life came into force in February 2018 in Korea. This study reviews the practices of end-of-life care for patients who withdrew or withheld life-sustaining treatment at a tertiary care hospital, addresses the limitations of the law, and discusses necessary steps to promote patient-centered self-determination. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients who died after agreeing to withhold life-sustaining treatment in 2018 at our university hospital. The cause of death, the intensity of end-of-life care, and other characteristics were reviewed and statistically analyzed. Results: Of a total of 334 patients, 231 (69%) died from cancer. The decision to stop life-sustaining treatment was made by family members for 178 patients overall (53.3%) and for 101 (43.7%) cancer patients, regardless of the patient's wishes. When the patient decided to stop life-sustaining treatment, the time from the authorization to withhold life-sustaining treatment to death was longer than when the decision was made by family members (28.7±41.3 vs 10.5±23.2 days, P<0.001). Conclusion: In many cases, the decision to discontinue life-sustaining treatment was made by the family, not by the patient. In order to protect human dignity based on the patients' self-determination, it is necessary for patients to understand their disease based on careful explanations from physicians. Ongoing survey-based research will be necessary in the future.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.471-482
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• 2016

This study investigated the characteristics of cotton production of Damyang-gun & Hwasun-gun, Yeongsan River compared with that of Gurye-gun, Seomjingang River in modern times. To do this, research method was both literature and fieldwork research, results were as follows. First, as for cotton fiber cultivation in Damyang-gun & Hwasun-gun, Chinese cotton (在來綿) has been cultivated during Japanese Colonial era unlike Gurye-gun. Especially, Yellow cotton (黃綿) has been cultivated in Hwasungun. Second, as for spinning in Damyang-gun, Hwasun-gun and Gurye-gun, some of cotton spinning process have been gradually changed to mechanization by market shop equipped with mechanized cotton gin and cotton whipping tool since Japanese colonial era. Third, the loom types also, like spinning tools, have been changed from the traditional Korean back-strap loom to the treadle loom in Damyang-gun, Hwasungun and Gurye-gun. Chemical dyeing with chemical dyestuff also has been done since Japanese Colonial era. Fourth, since the 1970s, the outputs of cotton production have been reduced in both Damyang-gun & Hwasun-gun. For Damyang-gun, this has been connected with bamboo craft since the Joseon Dynasty period. So, Damyang-gun has more concentrated on bamboo craft than cotton production. For Hwasun-gun, since Japanese Colonial era, sericulture has been very important. So, Hwasun-gun also has more concentrated on sericulture than cotton production. The main reason to discontinue cotton production in Damyang-gun, Hwasun-gun and Gurye-gun was related to the local choice like economic added value.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.583-597
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate temperature change occurred in enamel, dentin and pulp due to the heat from cavity prepration with laser. We made three models had different cavity depth: cavity depth of model A was 3.52mm, model B was 2.32mm, model C was 1.16mm. We irradiated cavity base with thermal capacity of $30J,100J,300J/cm^2s$ during few seconds and studied the change of temperature in tooth during 10 seconds, and estimated change of thermal capacity by different irradiated site and exposure time. At $300J/cm^2$ irradiation for 2 seconds, the temperature of irradiated surface was elevated fast according to irradiated thermal energy during 1 second. In proportion to continuous exposure time, temperature elevated slowly. The surface temperature was $1370^{\circ}C$. After discontinue of thermal irradiation, the heat of irradiated surface was diffused in dentin and pulp and the greatest temperature was made. The greatest temperature was disappeared within 10 seconds The greatest temperature of the inner part of model brought about very severe change by different depth. Temperature in pulp was raised by the greater irradiated energy density and exposure time.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.284-289
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• 2014

Farmers in highlands in South Korea pile up 20 to 30 cm of saprolites, mostly granite- or granite-gneiss-weathered materials, on surface of arable lands every three to five years to compensate eroded soil and sometimes to discontinue soil-borne diseases. Immediate increases of infiltration and percolation rates are expected with coarse textured saprolites while soil drainage becomes poorer in a long-term. In this study, we analyzed mineralogical characteristics and micro-morphology of plow pan to investigate processes making impermeable layers. Soil samples were collected from plow pan, usually located at approximately 20 cm soil depth and at the lower part of piled saprolites, in arable lands in Hoenggye 5-ri, Daekwanryeong-myeon, Gangwon-do (N37.7, E128.7) in which saprolites were added 2, 4, and 8 years ago; saprolites were transported from similar areas. The saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased over time. Based on soil thin section pedography, quartz and feldspar accounted for a majority of minerals. The size of feldspar decreased and macropores became filled with clay or silt particles over time, which implies that macropores were packed with particles weathered from feldspar. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that intensity of feldspar decreased over time and the reverse was true for kaolinite and illite, indicating that feldspar and mica weathering induced formation of kaolinite and illite. Conclusively, deteriorated drainage by formation of impermeable layers in farms with piled saprolites was caused by accumulation of clay minerals such as kaolinite and illite in macropores; illite and kaolinite can be formed by weathering of mica and feldspar, respectively.

• Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 2018

Lowering serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the mainstay for reduction of risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the second most common cause of death in Korea. The 2015 Korean guidelines for management of dyslipidemia strongly recommend the use of statins in patients at risk of CVD. Statin therapy, which is the gold standard for CVD, reduces LDL-C level by 40% to 60% and is generally well tolerated. However, many patients are intolerant to statins and discontinue therapy or become nonadherent to therapy because of actual/perceived side effects. The most common of these side effects is the statin-associated muscle symptom (SAMS). Discontinuation and repetitive re-challenge with statins can help identify SAMS. If serum creatinine kinase level is more than 10 times the upper limit of normal, statin therapy must be stopped immediately, and the physician should identify possible causes including rhabdomyolysis and treat appropriately. In other patients, it might help to switch to a less potent statin or to use statins at intermittent non-daily dosing. To achieve target LDL-C level, non-statin lipid-lowering therapies such as dietary modifications, ezetimibe, and bile acid sequestrants may be added. Several new drugs have recently been approved for lowering LDL-C level. Alirocumab and evolocumab are monoclonal antibodies that inhibit proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and both drugs cause large reductions in LDL-C, similar to statins. Lomitapide and mipomersen are orphan drugs used as adjuncts to other lipid-lowering therapies in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.335-344
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• 2019

This study is a descriptive research to measure the awareness and attitude toward withdrawal of life-sustaining medical treatment (WLSMT) among medical and nursing students. The data collection was conducted between 8 October and 15 November 2018, and the responses of 240 students were analyzed. The analysis results are as follows. More than 95 percent of medical and nursing students said the WLSMT was necessary. The medical students answered that 'patient's will' is important and nursing student answered that 'patient and family's will' is important. The nursing student showed that "family will and decision" was more important than the medical student in deciding to discontinue life care. Based on the results of the study, continuous discussion on the development and application of education programs to form attitudes and awareness of the discontinuation of life-saving treatments based on correct values is needed for prospective medical students and nursing students.