• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2003

Bacterial soft rot by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora is one of the diseases causing the biggest problem in Chinese cabbage. Chemical screening was conducted to select effective agents for controlling bacterial soft rot. Control effect of antibiotics, plant activator, and Biokeeper (avirulent Erwinia) to soft rot were tested by in vitro assay, nursery test, and field experiment. The in vitro assay was done by paper disc method and potato slice method. The nursery test was performed by using mineral oil inoculation method with consistent disease induction. The in vitro assay showed that streptomycin, oxolinic acid, bronopol, and copper hydroxide significantly suppressed the growth of pathogenic bacterium and the decomposition of potato slice. However, plant activators including acibenzolar-S-methyl did not show the suppressive effect on the growth of pathogenic bacterium and the decomposition of potato slice. When applied by the nursery test condition using mineral oil inoculation method with Chinese cabbage 'Kangruckyeurum', Biokeeper, oxolinic acid, antibiotics streptomycin, validamycin, and copper compound provided 83.5%, 95.2%, 91.2%, 57.5% and 79.9% in control efficacy, respectively. However, the control effect of acibenzolar-S-methyl showed to be low to cause phytotoxicity. Also acibenzolar-S-methyl showed a significant control effect in the field experiment with Chinese cabbage 'Sanchon' in 2000, but the field experiment with Chinese cabbage 'Kangruckyeurum' in 2001 revealed it had phytotoxicity to Chinese cabbage. Such a difference was considered to be caused by differences in phytotoxic reaction of Chinese cabbage cultivars to the chemical. Streptomycin+copper, copper hydroxide and Biokeeper showed 79.7%, 71.9% and 60.9% in control efficacy, respectively, in the field experiment with Chinese cabbage 'Sanchon' in 2002.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1979.05a
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• pp.6.2-6
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• 1979

Foreing bodies of the esophagus and tracheobronchus are likely to occur whenever a child places an inedible object in the mouth and are common in the older age group particularily in edentulous individuals or preexisting disease. Our department had already reported the statistical survey at first in 1954, successively in 1962, 1963 and 1968, respectively according to the age, sex, variety of foreign bodies, location and duration of the lodgement. Now, we have experienced the new 186 cases during the consecutive 5 year period from January 1973 to December 1977 and reported as a 5th report comparing with previous report. The results were as follows. 1. In the incidence of foreign bodies, coins were the most common and pointed metal, disc, bony fragment were followed in order in the esophagus while the peanut and corn were common in the air passage. 2) 79 cases (56.4%) were males and 61 cases (43.6%) were females in the esophagus, which was not a significant difference to note. But in the air passage, males accounted for 33 cases (71.7%) compared to 13 cases (28.3%) of females. 3) In the aspect of age incidence, child 10 years or under accounted for almost all cases in the esophagus as well as in the air passage. 4) In the location of foreign bodies in the esophagus, the first narrowing was the most common, while in the air passage right bronchus had a high incidence but the difference of incidence between right bronchus and left bronchus was not remarkable. 5) The duration of lodgement was 24 hours or less in more than half of the all cases. 6) In the aspect of kind of coin, 10 won coins accounted for majority of the cases (67.0%) but the incidence of 100 won coins were tend to increase gradually in these years.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2019

Objectives : Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a life-saving therapy for patients with terminal liver disease. Many studies have focused on recipients rather than donors. The aim of this study was to assess the emotional status and personality characteristics of LDLT donors. Methods : We evaluated 218 subjects (126 male, 92 female) who visited Daegu Catholic University Medical Center from August 2012 to July 2018. A retrospective review of their preoperative psychological evaluation was done. We investigated epidemiological data and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 questionnaire. Subanalysis was done depending on whether subjects actually underwent surgery, relationship with the recipient, and their gender. Results : Mean age of subjects was $32.19{\pm}10.91years$. 187 subjects received LDLT surgery (actual donors) while 31 subjects didn't (potential donors). Donor-recipient relationship included husband-wife, parent-children, brother-sister etc. Subjects had statistical significance on validity scale L, F, K and all clinical scales compared to the control group. Potential donors had significant difference in F(b), F(p), K, S, Pa, AGGR, PSYC, DISC and NEGE scales compared to actual donors. F, D and NEGE scales were found to be predictive for actual donation. Subanalysis on donor-recipient relationship and gender also showed significant difference in certain scales. Conclusions : Under-reporting of psychological problems should be considered when evaluating living-liver donors. Information about the donor's overall psychosocial background, mental status and donation process should also be acquired.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.197-221
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• 1980

Habitat observation, cultural experience of old and present plantation, weather factors in relation to crop stand and water physiology of root and leaf were reviewed. According to habitat observation ginseng plants love water but plate wit talus well grow at drained place with high moisture content in air and soil while ginseng plants were not found in dry or wet place. According to cultivation experience ginseng plants require abundant water in nursery and main field but most old planters believe that ginseng plaints are draught-loving thus require little water. The experience that rain especially in summer i.e unfavorable might be due to mechanical damage of leaves arid leaf disease infection, or severe leaf fall which is caused by high air temperature and coinsided with rain. According to crop stand observation in relation to weather factors abunsant water increased each root weight but decreased total yield indicating tile increase of missing root rate. Rain in summer was unfavorable too. Though rain in June was favorable for high yield general experience that cloudy day and rain were unfavorable might be due to low light intensity under shade. Present leading planters also do loot consider the importance of water in main field. Water content is higher in top than in root and highest in central portion of root and in stem of top. For seedling the heavier the weight of root is tile higher the water content while it reveries from two years old. Water potential of intact root appeared to be -2.89 bar suggesting high sensitivity to water environment. Under water stress water content severly decreased only in leaf. Water content of leaf appeared to be 78% for optimum, below 72% for functional damage and 68% for perm anent wilting. Transpiration or curs Principally through stomata in lower side of leaf thus contribution of upper side transpiration decreased with the increase of intensity. Transpiration is greater in the leaves grown under high light intensity. Thus water content is lower with high light inte nsity under field condition indicating that light is probable cause of water stress in field. Transpiration reached maximum at 10K1ut The decrease of transpiration at higher temperature seems to be due to the decrease of stomata aperture caused by water stress. Severe decrease of photosynthesis under water stress seems to be principally due to functional damage which is not caused by high temperature and Partly due to poor CO2 supply. Water potential of leaf appeared to be -16.8 bar suggesting weakness in draught tolerance. Ginseng leaves absorb water under high humidity. Water free space of leaf disc is %mailer than that of soybean leaf and water uptake appears to be more than two steps.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.608-612
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• 2007

A 4-year-old castrated male Cocker spaniel was referred with chief complaint of pelvic limbs paralysis and trembling. This dog was diagnosed as a case of myelomalacia complicated with intervertebral disc disease(IVDD) by radiography and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). This patient was treated by injection-AP with apitoxin, herbal medicine and moxibustion. The acupoints such as GV02-1, GV04, GV11, GV12, GV13, GV14, BL11, BL18, BL23, BL25, BL28, GB21, HT07, KI03, LI04, LU07, SI03, SI06, ST36, ST38, ST39, ST40, ST41, GB30, GB31, GB34, Liv03, SP06 and trigger points($T1{\sim}T4\;and\;T9{\sim}L1$) were used for treatment. At the session 1, the dog could not stand and move the limbs. However, gradual improvement of clinical signs was observed after 7, 14 and 21 session of treatment. Although the clinical signs related to pelvic paralysis were not completely abolished with TVM methods, this case showed the marked improvement of clinical signs after 21 sessions of treatment. In conclusion, the present patient was a case with canine myelomalacia complicated with IVDD which showed not so complete but somewhat improvement by TVM method.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2013

In order to select antagonists for biological control of downy mildew of cucumber, 126 bacteria were isolated from cucumber plants collected from several locations in Korea. Among them, Five isolates were selected as potential biocontrol agents of cucumber downy mildew using a leaf disc bioassay method. In preventive and curative effect tests, the isolate CC110 was found to be effective to control downy mildew on cucumber showing diseased area by 0% whereas that of control was 15.0~18.0%. A bacterium isolate CC110 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum based on phylogenetic analysis using gyrB gene sequence. The culture liquid of isolate CC110 in TSB media were more effective for the control of the disease than those cultured in LB, NB, and KB media in leaf disk bioassay. when undiluted liquid, two-fold, five-fold diluted culture broth, and undiluted liquid, two-fold, five-fold diluted filtrate of isolate CC110 in TSB media were treated, diseased area of cucumber powdery mildew were 0%, 3.0%, 8.0%, 0%, 4.0% and 7.0%, respectively, whereas diseased area in the control was 21.0%. In the cucumber seedling tests, when the culture broth of isolate CC110 in TSB media was treated, diseased area were 35.0%, whereas that of control was 82.0%. When B. amyloliquefaciens CC110 was treated four times at five-day interval in the vinylhouse test, the control effect of cucumber downy mildew was higher than that treated three at seven-day interval.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.19 no.3 s.44
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• pp.163-168
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• 1980

The antibiotic bacterium JS7901, one of the eighty three antibiotic microorganisms which have been is elated in the surburbs of CheongJu-city, showed the most effective antimicrobial activities against test organisms, both bacteria and fungi. Among the different culture media Soytone Sugar medium was the most effective for growth and activity of the JS7901 antibiotic bacterium a against both Escherichia coli and Staphyllococcus aureus by the cylinder plate method. The higher the sugar content, was, the greater the antibiotic amount of substances of JS7901 were produced in the soytone sugar media. The antibiotic bacterium, JS7901 appeared to have a broad activity spectrum showing inhibition in Vitro against gram positive and negative bacteria and plant disease fungi. In general, the active substances were not transferred into organic solvents. Only a small portion of the activity was transferred into ethyl ether and was also adsorbed to active carbon when the cultured broth was also adsorbed to active carbon when the cultured broth was at $pH\;2.0\~4.0$. On adjusting at pH 8.0, the activity disappeared. The crude active substances could be obtained by means of vacuum drying method and still shelved strong activity. The dried active rake was solved by solvents and crystallized into various shapes. The active substances were developed on the silica gel plate in the solvent system of n-butanol-acetic acid-water(3 : 1 : 1) and gave 5 pinkish colored spots when sprayed with $0.2\%$ ninhydrine in ethanol. The upper 5th spot, which was the result of using disc plate method with Escherichia coli was the strongest of these spots.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.59-71
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this review is to figure out which acupoints are frequently used to treat low back pain and which exercises are effective to low back pain. Methods We searched the three electronic database (RISS, KISS, KTKP) and manually checked related Korean journals and reference lists up to June 2013. We investigated the frequency of acupoints for using treatment of low back pain. We Introduce exercise therapies we can do easily at home without professional skills for treatment low back pain. Results We included 72 articles in this study. The most frequently adopted acupoints were BL25, BL23, BL24, GB30, BL40, BL26, BL60, GB34, BL52, BL57, GB39. The most frequently adopted meridian pathways were BL, GB, GV, ST. The most frequently adopted disease causing low back pain were HIVD (Herniated intervertebral disc), Lumbar sprain, Spinal stenosis, Compression fracture, Cauda equina syndrome, Spondylolisthesis, Ankylosing spondylitis. There are many exercise therapies (Lumbar stabilizing exercise, Resistance exercise, Bareunmom physical exercise, Mckenzie exercise, Williams exercise, Emblass exercise, Swiss ball exercise, Thera band exercise, Yoga) for treatment low back pain. Conclusions These results suggest that most frequently adopted acupoints were foot taeyang urinary bladder channel acupoints. Beacuse foot taeyang urinary bladder channel is passes through the waist, it will be effective for treatment of low back pain. Also exercise therapy is effective for enhance Muscular strength. In order to treatment of low back pain, Acupuncture treatment is also important, as well as exercise therapy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.611-616
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• 2017

The antibacterial activities of nine oriental herbal medicine extracts were measured against seven kinds of bacteria known to cause food poisoning and disease. The extracts were prepared with distilled water using an autoclave ($121^{\circ}C$ for 30 min). The extraction yields of nine oriental herbal medicines were in the rage of 0.5%-33.4%. The antibacterial activities were evaluated using the paper-disc method. Extracts of Hwangryeon, Jiyu, and Ohbaeja showed antibacterial activities while the others did not. Extracts of Coptis japonica, Hwangryeon, and Sanguisorba officinalis, Jiyu showed antibacterial activities only against Clostridium perfringens and Listeria monocytogenes. Extracts of Rhus javanica, Ohbaeja showed the strongest antibacterial activities against all the bacteria tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of R. javanica extracts were in the range of 2.4~20 mg/ml for the bacteria tested. In conclusion, the extract of R. javanica showed superior antibacterial activities against the seven bacterial strains tested. The MIC and MBC values for each bacterium were represented as strain names (MIC, MBC), which were Bacillus cereus (11.2, 20), Clostridium perfringens (2.4, 4.7), Escherichia coli (9.1, 9.1), Listeria monocytogenes (11.1, 20), Salmonella typhi (4.7, 9.1), Staphylococcus aureus (2.4, 4.7), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (2.4, 5.3). Further purification and study of this antibacterial material would be helpful for developing antibiotics or promoting synergistic effects with known antibiotics, producing antibacterial material for lengthening the shelf-life of food, and so on.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2013

Antimicrobial activity of extract from some traditional oriental medicinal plants were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against six oral pathogens, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei, which are associated with caries disease. The antimicrobial activity was examined by determining the inhibition zone using the disc diffusion assay. In antibacterial activity test, extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis, Chrysanthemum indicum, Kochia scoparia, Hydnocarpus anthelmintica and Caesalpinia sappan showed inhibitory effects (40 mg/ml) against tested caries bacteria. Especially, the C. sappan extract showed the strongest activity on S. oralis (40 mm), L. casei (35 mm) and S. mutans (28 mm). Thus, this result suggests that C. sappan may be applicable to preventing dental caries.