• Title/Summary/Keyword: Disaster-Risk Evaluation

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An optimal classification method for risk assessment of water inrush in karst tunnels based on grey system theory

  • Zhou, Z.Q.;Li, S.C.;Li, L.P.;Shi, S.S.;Xu, Z.H.
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.8 no.5
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    • pp.631-647
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    • 2015
  • Engineers may encounter unpredictable cavities, sinkholes and karst conduits while tunneling in karst area, and water inrush disaster frequently occurs and endanger the construction safety, resulting in huge casualties and economic loss. Therefore, an optimal classification method based on grey system theory (GST) is established and applied to accurately predict the occurrence probability of water inrush. Considering the weights of evaluation indices, an improved formula is applied to calculate the grey relational grade. Two evaluation indices systems are proposed for risk assessment of water inrush in design stage and construction stage, respectively, and the evaluation indices are quantitatively graded according to four risk grades. To verify the accuracy and feasibility of optimal classification method, comparisons of the evaluation results derived from the aforementioned method and attribute synthetic evaluation system are made. Furthermore, evaluation of engineering practice is carried through with the Xiakou Tunnel as a case study, and the evaluation result is generally in good agreement with the field-observed result. This risk assessment methodology provides a powerful tool with which engineers can systematically evaluate the risk of water inrush in karst tunnels.

Assessment of Earthquake Disaster Risk in Seoul Metropolitan Area (서울지역 지진 재해 위험도 평가)

  • Lee, Chang-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.5 no.4 s.19
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    • pp.71-78
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    • 2005
  • The principal basic concepts of aseismic design minimize damage of human-life and have little probability during life of structures. For detailed understanding of the design, the best reasonable countermeasure can be possible equally the smallest damage of human-life and economic loss. As a result, it can be achieved by notion of not structure-centered but city-centered, the notion is actualized by development of a macro-level evaluation. A seismic damage between city and country is different. And the larger the city then, the greater the loss by rather collateral hazards than collapse of structures. Hence, the macro-evaluation of an earthquake disaster is suitable for an old city where is center of political and economic activity, and is concentration of population and infrastructure. This study aims to develop comprehensive earthquake desaster risk index, and assesses relative earthquake risk of six zones in Seoul metropolitan area.

Comparison of Risk and Safety Perceptions of Industrial Hygienist (산업위생 분야 종사자들의 사회 안전의식변화에 관한 조사)

  • Lim, Dae Sung;Lee, Seung kil
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.331-341
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    • 2020
  • Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate perceptions of safety and risk among Korean industrial hygienists and the change between before and after the Sewol Ferry Disaster in 2014. Two surveys with questionnaires composed of 51 questions were completed by attendees of the Korea Industrial Hygiene Association(KIHA) conference. Methods: One was conducted at the 2013 KIHA Fall Conference(N=181) and the other was from the 2014 KIHA Summer Conference(N=123). Between these two surveys was the Sewol Ferry Disaster on April 14, 2014, which was believed to seriously affect safety and risk perceptions in Korea. Results: It was revealed that industrial hygienists' awareness of safety rules strengthened after the Sewol Ferry Disaster(p<0.05). It was apparent that people over the age of 30 were more sensitive to social safety. There was no significant difference in the evaluation and attitude regarding governmental safety policy between the years of 2013 and 2014. The credibility of public organizations responsible for the disaster management system decreased. The self-evaluation of respondents' safety level also decreased. This trend shows mainly in the younger generation. It was evaluated that the overall social safety level decreased and the anxiety level increased. The score on social safety on a ±5 Likert scale was 0.68 in the 2013 survey and -0.33 in the 2014 survey(p<0.05). It was reported that the most serious threat factors for accident or disaster were 'building collapse > illegalities and corruption > side effects of radiation therapy >accidents in normal activity > occupational disease,' in order. They picked 'safety ignorance > hurry-up habits and culture > focusing on short-term benefit > easy-going attitude > insufficient safety education' for the causes of low social safety levels in 2013. In 2014, they were 'safety ignorance > easy-going attitude > focusing on short-term benefit > insufficient safety education > hurry-up habits and culture'. Conclusions: This study has some limitations because it was originally not designed to survey attitudes prior to the Sewol Ferry disaster in 2013. In addition, the survey targets are industrial hygienists who are familiar with occupational disease and injury.

Plan for the Development of a Standardized Dummy for Persons in Need of Rescue in a Confined Space (밀폐공간 구조 요구자를 위한 더미 표준화 개발 방안)

  • Choi, Seo-Yeon;Rie, Dong-Ho;Kim, Hyung-Jun
    • Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.99-105
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to develop a dummy in an environment similar to the human body, to prepare a standard for evaluation and to present the process of the production in order to evaluate the performance of the robot that can detect the persons needing rescue in a confined space, who are difficult for fire-fighting officials to rescue in case of fire and disaster. As a result, a standard for evaluation was developed and standardized into four parts 'Normal,' 'Risk Stage 1,' 'Risk Stage 2' and 'Risk Stage 3'based on the number of breath cycles, carbon dioxide concentration, core temperature and criteria for hearing to recognize the voice. In addition, in order to produce a dummy, fever, breathing capacity and voice output function were compared and analyzed. This study has significance that it built up basic data of the method of producing the actual dummy, by presenting characteristics and controlling methods using the waterproof insulation heating coil for the function, solenoid valve for the consecutive output of breathing capacity and USB program sound board for voice output.

A Study of Safety Evaluation Based on the Road closure Simulation, and on the Isolation Risk in Times of Disaster (재해시 위험가능성과 도로폐쇄시뮬레이션에 의한 방재안전성에 관한 연구 - 일본 오이타현 사이키시를 대상으로 -)

  • Kim, Daeill;Park, Sungchan;Go, Jooyeon;Yeom, Chunho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.84-93
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    • 2020
  • In recent years, the scale of damage from disasters such as earthquakes and large-scale fires and floods that are occurring in Korea is increasing. Accordingly, interest in urban disaster prevention that combines living infrastructure such as roads and parks is boosting, and it is urgent to prepare measures to reduce the damage scale of local cities. The purpose of this study is to derive implications for disaster prevention measures in areas where disaster prevention safety of local cities is weak through examples of disaster prevention safety of local cities in case of disaster. To this end, this study analyzed the regional characteristics, current status, and disaster prevention problems of regional cities in Japan, and selected disaster-vulnerable areas, and considered the distance relationship between disaster prevention bases through road network analysis. In addition, road closure simulation using ArcGIS Network Analyst was conducted to analyze disaster prevention safety in the area. As a result, the situation of the village which has a high possibility of isolation by natural disasters was grasped in advance. Through this, the suburbs confirmed the necessity of supplementing the disaster prevention function through transportation maintenance such as forest roads, and it was found that the city needs to prepare a risk management system. Furthermore, this study suggests the need for research on areas with a high possibility of isolation, especially in areas where disaster prevention functions are weak in local cities in case of disaster, and shows countermeasures for disaster prevention measures and resident education.

A Study on Development Plan and Derivation of Improvement by Procedure for the Systematization in Steep Slope Management System (급경사지 관리의 체계화를 위한 절차별 개선사항 도출과 발전 방안 연구)

  • Lee, Jae Joon;Yun, Hong Sic;Kim, Yun Hee;Park, Sang Hyun
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.111-122
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: In order to manage the steep slopes effectively, this study diagnose problems in the procedure of steep slopes management and propose Improved frame work is intended to mitigate human and property damage Method: Problems in the system are drawn through review of procedures for designation of collapse risk zones and fied investigation, interviews with local governments, and expert advice. Result: The selection stage, the subject of the management, the management method, and the factors that need to be improved by the management stage before the evaluation are derived. Conclusion: This paper identified the problems raised and drew improvements and presented the research direction for the development of the new system (plan) and the steep slope site.

Case Studies of Ground Subsidence Risk Ratings (GSRp) Applied to the Excavation Sites (지반함몰 위험등급 분류(GSRp)의 굴착현장 사례 연구)

  • Shin, Sang-Sik;Ihm, Myeong-Hyek;Kim, Hak Joon
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.289-302
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    • 2019
  • As the occurrence of ground subsidence near the excavation site increases recently, studies are being conducted to predict the possibility of ground subsidence prior to excavation. In this study, the ground subsidence risk rating for pre-excavation (GSRp) developed by the previous study was applied to actual excavation sites to verify its applicability. The final results for the evaluation of the ground subsidence risk level for five excavation sites revealed that GSRp scores were calculated between 40 and 79 points and classified mainly into grades II (Good Ground)~III (Fair Ground). In order to verify the evaluation method, the obtained GSRp grades were compared with the measured horizontal displacements. The horizontal displacements measured in five excavation sites were between 25% and 47% of the allowable displacement, which were well agreed with the low subsidence risk level obtained from GSRp calculation. It is expected that the GSRp method can be used as an evaluation tool for predicting the risk of ground subsidence before excavation if GSRp is verified and supplemented through the additional research for the poor soil with the high risk of ground subsidence.

A Study on the Development of Evaluation Methods for Fire Risk Analysis of High-rise Building ((초)고층 건축물의 화재위험성 평가기법 개발에 관한 연구(I))

  • Kwon, Young-Jin;Shin, Yi-Chul
    • Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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    • 2008.11a
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    • pp.223-228
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    • 2008
  • Fire is recognized as a significant hazard in a service life of a structure. Therefore there is a clear need to provide an improved understanding of the performance of material and structures in fire and to provide clear design guidance in order to progress safety design especially high rise building. It is the aim of this study to investigates and analyze the study on the development of evaluation methods for fire risk analysis of high-rise building.

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A Study on the Risk Evaluation for Chemical Transportation Tank Lorry of Chemical Plant (석유화학 사업장에서 운송 화학물질 위험관리)

  • Kim, Jeong-gon;Byun, Hun-Soo
    • Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.53-62
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    • 2008
  • Recently, the potential risks of tank lorry transportation from the petrochemical plant have been increasing, so the research was performed to build up the evaluation criterion of the transportation safety, as well as aggressive risk+assessment of a variety of chemical materials. This research was applied to the Maximum Credible Accident Analysis technique and modeled on the risk management of chemical transportation using the following four steps for risk evaluation, firstly the comparison of representative fype and standard of hand ling chemical materials transported by tank vehicles secondly, specific classification of potential hazards thirdly, grasp and recognition of virtual accident scenario at last, the risk evaluation of virtual accident scenario(qualitative/quantitative - chemical release modeling).

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