• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2007

The severe damage of cultural heritages induced by natural hazards like heavy rain has been dramatically increased since 1990. The number of the repair works of stone heritage of 2005 was six times as many as those of 1986 year. Especially the ratio of the repair works of Gyeongsang Province and Jeolla Province stood 63% of those of all over the country. Since 1990, the typhoons usually struck the southern part of Korea and went northward. The heavy damage of stone heritages in two provinces was caused by them. We made a preliminary survey the stone heritages that exposed to the natural hazards on the basis of repair works of them and a field survey. The analysis results indicate that the natural hazards such as landslide and soil disaster of the stone heritages related to a sloping surface stood 58% of all kind of natural hazards. The reasons are caused by the 59 % of all the stone heritages distributed in a sloping surface resulted in natural hazards like landslide and soil disaster. The bases of stone heritages can be easily eroded by the surface water with high energy induced by heavy rainfall. Most of the stone heritages like Maebul were engraved on a natural rock wall(outcrop). But some of them engraved on rolling stones are very vulnerable in a change of a base condition caused by erosion and ground subsidence and they can be tilted or fell down. The distribution of the stone heritages vulnerable in natural hazard is related to that of the rainfall distribution compounded five typhoons after 1990. Most of them are included in level two on the rainfall distribution map except those of Taean peninsula and some of Gyeonggi Province. They seem to be rather related to the rainfall distribution of the Typhoon Olga.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.95-101
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• 2009

As buildings increase in height, lifting plans are becoming increasingly important on construction sites. As a critical piece of load-lifting equipment, the tower crane deserves a well thought-out stability review, since it has a significant impact and is very vulnerable to structural safety disaster. To ensure the structural stability of a tower crane, its lateral support or pile supported foundation designs must include consideration for stability, and pile foundation must be used if site conditions prevent soil from providing the required bearing capacity, or prevent the foundation from being increased to the required extent. Pile supported foundation design requires thorough and systematic review, as more stability parameters need to be considered than with an independent foundation. This paper intends to develop an optimal design algorithm that can minimize associated costs while ensuring the fundamental stability of pile supported foundation design, limiting the scope of research to fixed-type trolley tower cranes using pile supported foundations. The findings herein on pile foundation stability review parameters, process and optimal design are expected to improve the operational efficiency of staff concerned, and reduce the time and efforts required for pile foundation design.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.524-535
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• 2013

Catastrophe risk models require the damage functions of each vulnerable item in inventory to estimate volcanic ash losses. The damage functions are used to represent the relation between damage factors and damage and also widely used in engineering and natural hazard studies to calculate the vulnerability. In most cases, damage functions are constructed as fragility or vulnerability curves, and researchers are confused by the similarities between them particularly when they perform interdisciplinary research. Thus, we aim to explain the similarities and differences between fragility and vulnerability curves and their relationship by providing case studies to construct them. In addition, we suggest a simple method to construct the damage functions between damage ratio and volcanic ash thickness using limited damage data. This study comes from the fact that damage functions are generally constructed using damage data. However, there is no available volcanic ash damage data in Korea, and not even enough volcanic disaster data to construct damage functions in the world, compared to other hazards. Using the method suggested in the study and the limited damage data from Japan and New Zealand, we construct Weibull-type functions or linear functions dependent of available data to calculate volcanic ash loss estimation, which we think need to be corrected to make it more suitable for inventory characteristics and environmental conditions in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.13-20
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• 2017

Unreinforced masonry buildings are vulnerable to lateral forces, such as earthquakes, owing to the nature of the building materials, yet numerous masonry buildings remain in South Korea. Since the majority of the existing masonry buildings were constructed more than 20 years ago, it is necessary to develop economical reinforcement methods for disaster reduction. In this study, external reinforcement of masonry walls using adhesive stiffeners was proposed as a reinforcement method for such age-old masonry buildings. Six specimens were fabricated with different aspect ratios (L/H = 1.0, 1.3, and 2.0) and used in static load tests to verify the reinforcement effect. The experimental results showed that the masonry walls before and after reinforcement were ruptured by rigid body rotation and slip. In addition, the maximum strength, maximum displacement, and dissipated energy of the walls were shown to increase after applying the adhesive stiffeners, thereby verifying the excellent reinforcement effect. Furthermore, an adhesive stiffener design for unreinforced masonry walls was proposed based on the increased shear strength achieved by using conventional glass fibers. The proposed design can be used as a basis for the application of adhesive stiffeners for unreinforced masonry walls.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.560-571
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• 2020

Essential urban services that protect citizens' lives and property such as firefighting, disaster and crime prevention, should be provided equally to all citizens regardless of their location, personal status, and income. This paper analyzes the equality of firefighting services in spatial and social perspective in Daejeon Metropolitan City. For this the accessibility of fire service was analyzed for all settlements in the city. In addition, the distribution status of low-income class and forecasted income each region were compared to analyze whether the area where fire fighting service in 5 minutes was related to the distribution of income class. According to the analysis, the area where fire service can be provided within 5 minutes was 46.2% of Daejeon, and 98.0% of the population lived in this area. The proportion of old-age pensioners living in the area where fire service can't be provided within 5 minutes was 52.7%, reise than the average of 7.14% in Daejeon. In addition, in areas where the provision of firefighting services exceeds five minutes, the forecasted income tends to be lower in areas where service arrival is delayed. Therefore, it can be said that the economically vulnerable people living in the outskirts of Daejeon are not provided with equal urban services, and policy consideration is required accordingly.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.441-449
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• 2019

Drought is a longer lasting and more extensive disaster than other natural disasters, resulting in significant socioeconomic damage. Even though drought events have same severity, their damage vary from region to region because of spatial, technical, economic, and social circumstances. In this study, drought vulnerability was assessed considering socioeconomic factors. Preliminary factors were identified from the case study for Chungcheong province, and evaluative factors were selected by applying the principal component analysis. The entropy method was applied to determine the weights of evaluative factors. As a result, in Chungcheong province, farm population, number of recipient of basic living, water fare gap indicator, area of industrial complex, amount of underground water usage, amount of water available per capita, water supply ratio, financial soundness for water resources, amount of domestic water usage, amount of agricultural water usage and agricultural land area were chosen as the evaluative factors. Among them, the factors associated with agriculture had larger weights. The overall assessment of vulnerability indicated that Cheongju, Dangjin and Seosan were the most vulnerable to drought.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2011

Recently, due to severe rainfall by the global climate change, natural disasters such as landslide had also been increased rapidly all over the world. Therefore, it has been very necessary to assess vulnerability of landslide and prepare adaptation measures to future climate change. In this study, we employed sensitivity, exposure and adaptative capacity as criteria for assessing the vulnerability of landslide due to climate change. Spatial database for the criteria was constructed using GIS technology. And vulnerability maps on the entire Korea of past and future were made based on the database. As a result, highly vulnerable area for landslide was detected in most area of Gangwon-do, the east of Gyeonggi-do, and southeast of Jeollanam-do, and the southwest of Gyeongsangnam-do. The result of landslide vulnerability depends on time shows that degree of very low class and low class were decreased and degree of moderate, high, and very high were increase from past to the future. Especially, these three classes above low class were significantly increased in the result of far future.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.331-348
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• 2013

The frequency and intensity of abnormal climate caused by climate change is increasing in Korea. Also, the amount of damage from disaster is increasing rapidly. The research on vulnerability assessment analyzes environmentally, socially and economically vulnerable indicators and is ongoing to reduce the intensity of damage and establish adaptation policies for climate change. Therefore, in this study, we assessed vulnerability using weighting value derived by the regression equation. There are 3 evaluation items : vulnerability assessment for farmland erosion to flood, vulnerability assessment for health to heat wave, vulnerability assessment for forest fire to drought. For this study, indicators for each sectors were selected and spatial data for each sectors were established using GIS program. Results showed that vulnerability to heat wave was more affected by climate factors. On the other hand, vulnerability to flood and drought was more affected by social-economic factors. Then, to analysis efficiency of the regression analysis, vulnerability result was compared between the existing vulnerability research with no weighting applied and the vulnerability research with the influence of weighting value derived by the regression. This study showed that the regression analysis is efficient to provide practical and feasible alternatives in terms of planning climate change adaptation policies and it is expected to be utilized for vulnerability assessment in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.235-241
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• 2018

In this study, we collected cases of accidents caused by swell in the east coast of Korea from 2013 to 2017. The location of the accident, the season, the type of coast and the type of damage were classified and the correlation between the accident and the wave data was analyzed by collecting the observation data of the nearby area at the time of the accident. Also, based on the results of the coastal disaster vulnerability assessment of Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency, the vulnerability grades of swell accidents area were evaluated. In swell accident area, the average grade of the wave exposure index was 4.91, the wave sensitivity index was 3.87, and the wave impact index was 4.90. As a result, most of the swell accidents occurred in the 5 grade (very vulnerable level) of the wave impact index, and the area of the east coast (78.7%) of the same 5 grade was classified into five types according to the wave sensitivity index result. Finally, a countermeasures was taken for characteristics of each type.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.745-753
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• 2021

Recently, a large fire occurred in a multi-use facility used by a large number of citizens, including the vulnerable, resulting in a lot of injuries and damages. Although several pilot studies have been conducted to reduce such incidents, the development of advanced disaster response technology using the latest spatial information and IoT technology is still insufficient. In this study, a pilot test bed is built to demonstrate detailed technologies derived through the first stage of realistic fire management technology research for the development of applied technology in the field. In detail, the building conditions and candidate sites of the test bed were first investigated and analyzed to derive satisfactory conditions and candidate target buildings. A second pilot test bed was then selected, and the necessary sensor and facility infrastructure were built to demonstrate the outcomes. Finally, a scenario was produced for technology verification, and a test bed system was developed. The pilot test bed is expected to contribute to verifying intermediate outcomes of realistic fire management research projects, enhancing the quality of the developed technologies.