• Anxiety and mood
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2012

Objective : Cortisol, a product of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), is one of our defensive mechanisms in response to stress. The level of cortisol in the saliva is a major biomarker of the stress response by HPA axis and shows diurnal variation. We measured salivary cortisol level and its diurnal variation to compare the pattern of changes by degree of burn and Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) score. Methods : We measured the salivary cortisol levels of 37 subjects hospitalized in the burn center at our facility from March to June 2012. Salivary cortisol levels were measured at 6 : 00 AM and at 7 : 00 PM. All subjects were tested for CAPS to evaluate the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale to evaluate and to control the coexisting depression. Results : Factorial ANOVA test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in terms of the effect of the interaction between the degree of burn and the patient's CAPS score. Unlike the mild burn group, in the severe burn group, the patients who had a low CAPS score didn't show a normal diurnal variation and the patients who had a high CAPS score showed the normal diurnal variation. After a few months follow up, we found a greater degree of psychiatric complications in severe burn patients that had a lower cortisol stress response. Conclusion : We suppose that the disappearance of the stress response changes in salivary cortisol seen in the severe burn group may be caused by an impaired stress response. Through followed observation of the subjects, this disruption of cortisol response may cause psychiatric problems afterwards.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2011

During root canal treatment, overinstrumentation with hand or mechanically driven files can perforate the mandibular canal, allowing the extrusion of endodontic sealers, dressing agents, and irrigant solutions out of the tooth and into the canal. The patient may report symptoms such as pain, hyperesthesia, hypoesthesia, anesthesia, dysesthesia and paresthesia. Such problems must be resolved as quickly as possible to avoid irreversible sequelae caused by certain neurotoxic materials that form part of endodontic sealants. Although there have been no controlled trials of treatment protocols involving endodontically related injuries to the inferior alveolar nerve, the normal therapeutic sequence for this complication is the control of pain and inflammation and, whenever possible, the surgical elimination of the cause. However, total resolution of pain and reduction in or disappearance of paraesthesia after a non-surgical management have been reported. Antiepileptic drugs such as gabapentin or pregabalin have been used for the treatment of neuropathic pain. This article describes a case of inferior alveolar nerve(IAN) damage after endodontic treatment of a mandibular right second molar and the treatment with non-surgical approach using prednisone and gabapentin medication, monitoring the patient's condition with clinical neurosensory examination and current perception threshold test(Neurometer).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 1999

An in vitro study was conducted to examine the effects of the addition of activated charcoal (AC) on the ruminal fermentation characteristics, nutrient disappearance, and ruminal gas production. AC was added at the levels of 0.00, 0.25, and 0.50 % to each of the four types of diets (roughage/concentrate ratio : 8/2, 6/4, 4/6 and 2/8), respectively. Although not significant, ruminal pH tended to increase by adding AC, and as the concentrate level increased, ruminal pH decreased (P<0.05). Acetate concentration and acetate/propionate molar ratio tended to decrease in AC diets. but molar % of propionate tended to increase by the addition of AC. Ruminal degradation of dry matter, crude protein, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose in AC diets tended to increase than in non-AC diet, however, no tendency in ruminal degradation of crude fat was observed. As the concentrate level increased, rumunal degradation of dry matter and nutrients in AC diets increased significantly(P<0.05). Ruminal gas production tended to decrease in the 0.50 % AC diets, however, it tended to increase in high roughage diets. Although there appeared some beneficial effects in adding AC to ruminant diets in this study, more works should be done with AC before we can make clear conclusion on the use of AC in the ruminant diets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2007

The research on red tide is generally in progress through field work, such as the naked eye and sampling. It was difficult to forecast exactly the course, from appearance of red tide to disappearance. with the established ways of investigation and analysis. Accordingly it is need to analyze environmental factors in time and space, the appearance of red tide and the path of its migration by more objective and scientific methods. In this study, GIS is applied to analyse the space character of red tide and the interpolation of IDW(Inverse Distance Weight) is applied to assume the density distribution of red tide after gather data by using Arc/Info. After IDW interpolation, the sea area occurred over 1,000 cells/ml of red tide density is extracted with CON and SUM Function of Grid Module, and the density of the sea area is accumulated daily. As a result of this study, the distribution condition of red tide is found timely and spacially by applying GIS to the sea area of red tide, the results indicated that the spatial density and the cumulative frequency about the origin of red tide using GIS, the sea area demonstrated that the maximum density and the maximum frequency varied significantly over the Nammyun of Namhae-Is. with the maximum frequency being 49 times. accordingly if data about the areas of red tide will occur from the present are accumulated, the shifting route of red tide occurrence and extinction can be predicted.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 1988

A spontaneous revertant of mutation rbsB103 that is ribose taxis-positive was characterized. This revertant was found to be export-competent in the export of ribose-binding protein shown by the disappearance of accumulated mutant precursor protein and the export of mature ribose-binding protein to the periplasm. The reversional change was shown to be in the region of risB gene that codes for the amino terminal portion of ribose-binding protein. Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography of peptide patterns of ribose-binding proteins confirmed the relationship between the wild-type and the revertant proteins as shown for the mutant previously (Iida et al., 1985). When the processing rate of presursor proteins from the wild type and the revertant strain in vivo was compared by pulse-chase experiment, it was found that processing is less efficient than normal in the revertant. Purified mature proteins from both wild-type and revertant were subjected to amino acid sequencing. The results confirmed the amino acid changes deduced from the DNA sequencing and showed that processing of the revertant precursor occured in the correct position even though there are two different amino acids present in the signal sequence.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.83.1-83.1
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• 2011

We report multi-epoch, simultaneous 22 GHz water and 44 GHz Class I methanol maser line survey towards 180 intermediate-mass young stellar objects, including 14 Class 0, 19 Class I objects, and 147 Herbig Ae/Be stars. We detected $H_2O$ and $CH_3OH$ maser emission towards 16 (9%) and 10 (6%) sources with one new $H_2O$ and six new $CH_3OH$ maser sources. The detection rates of both masers rapidly decrease as the central (proto)stars evolve, which is contrary to the trends in high-mass star-forming regions. This suggests that the excitations of the two masers are closely related to the evolutionary stage of the central (proto)stars and the circumstellar environments. $H_2O$ maser velocities deviate on average 9 km s-1 from the ambient gas velocities whereas $CH_3OH$ maser velocities well match with. For both maser emissions, large velocity difference (${\mid}v_{H2O}-v_{sys}{\mid}\;>\; 10kms^{-1}\; and\;{\mid}v_{CH3OH}-v_{sys}{\mid}\;>\;1kms^{-1}$) is mostly confined to Class 0 objects. The formation and disappearance of $H_2O$ maser lines are frequent and the integrated intensities of them change up to two orders of magnitude. In contrast, $CH_3OH$ maser lines usually show no significant change in the intensity, shape, and velocity. This consistent with the previous suggestion that $H_2O$ maser emission originates from the base of an outflow while 44 GHz Class I $CH_3OH$ maser emission arises from the interaction region of the outflow with the ambient gas. The isotropic maser luminosities are well correlated with the bolometric luminosities of the central the objects. The fitted relations are $L_{H2O}=1.71{\ast}10^{-9}(L_{bol})^{0.97}$ and $L_{CH3OH}=1.71{\ast}10^{-10}(L_{bol})^{1.22}$.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.94-99
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• 2007

The spontaneous regression (SR) of cancer is defined as the complete disappearance of a malignant disease without adequate treatment. SR is a very rare biological event, particularly in a pulmonary sarcoma. We report the first documented case of an endobronchial sarcoma that regressed spontaneously in Korea. We encountered a rare case of a 72-year-old woman with an undiagnosed intrapelvic cystic mass, who presented with a smooth surfaced endobronchial tumor obstructing the orifice of the right lower lobe bronchus on a bronchoscopic examination. She had a prior history cervical cancer and adenocarcinoma in the right middle lobe lateral segment of her lung for which she had undergone radiation therapy. The tumor was diagnosed as an endobronchial sarcoma by the histopathology findings and immunohistochemistry. It was unclear if the tumor was a primary sarcoma of the lung or a metastatic lesion of an intrapelvic cystic mass because she refused a diagnostic exploratory laparotomy. Two months later, obstructive pneumonia of the right lower lobe with parapneumonic effusion developed with fever above 38.5degrees C for 10 days. After recovering from pneumonia, she was followed up regularly in the outpatient clinic without any specific treatment. One year later after treating the obstructive pneumonia, the follow-up bronchoscopy revealed complete SR of endobronchial sarcoma. It is believed that the obstructive pneumonia accompanied by fever above 38.5degrees C for 10 days might have played a role in this SR.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.308-321
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• 2013

In order to understand the population dynamics of red tide dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans, we examined its hydrographical and bio-ecological characteristics at 19 to 20 stations of Gwangyang Bay during all four seasons from 2010 to 2012. During the 3-year period, N. scintillans was seasonally abundant during summer with water temperatures ranging from $15^{\circ}C$ to $22^{\circ}C$ and salinity ranging from 25 psu to 30 psu. On the other hand, N. scintillans population density significantly decreased in spring, fall and winter, although they were present even in lower temperatures (< $4^{\circ}C$). However, high water temperature (> $27^{\circ}C$) and low salinity (< 12 psu) led to the disappearance of N. scintillans population. Chl-a concentration in winter, spring and fall was positively correlated with N. scintillans population density, whereas the N. scintillans population was negatively correlated with Chl-a concentration in summer. This implies that densities of prey population such as diatoms are one of important contributing factor for maintaining abundance of N. scintillans in winter, spring and fall and for increasing abundance of N. scintillans in summer. During summer season, bio-accumulation of N. scintillans population by the wind from southwest is also considered to be a key factor in triggering the formation of large-scale blooms in Gwangyang Bay.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.586-594
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• 2004

Because web documents become creation and disappearance rapidly, users require the recommend system that offers users to browse the web document conveniently and correctly. One largely untapped source of knowledge about large data collections is contained in the cumulative experiences of individuals finding useful information in the collection. Recommendation systems attempt to extract such useful information by capturing and mining one or more measures of the usefulness of the data. The existing Information Filtering system has the shortcoming that it must have user's profile. And Collaborative Filtering system has the shortcoming that users have to rate each web document first and in high-quantity, low-quality environments, users may cover only a tiny percentage of documents available. And dynamic recommendation system using the user browsing pattern also provides users with unrelated web documents. This paper classifies these web documents using the similarity between the web documents under the web document type and extracts the user browsing sequential pattern DB using the users' session information based on the web server log file. When user approaches the web document, the proposed Dynamic recommendation system recommends Top N-associated web documents set that has high similarity between current web document and other web documents and recommends set that has sequential specificity using the extracted informations and users' session information.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.79-89
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• 2006

The survival rate and tube number of Monocorophium uenoi, one of the dominant species in Lake Sihwa, was investigated under laboratory condition with salinity gradients (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40‰). Another laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the survival rate of Monocorophium uenoi in sulphide-rich sediment with oxic overlying water, and the effect of amphipod bioturbation on sulphide and oxygen profiles. The survival rate and tube-forming number of the amphipod were high in salinity range of 20 to 30‰. The amphipod survival rate was also high in sulphidic sediment when the water column was oxic. The amphipod bioturbation affected the oxygen and sulphide content in the sediment; oxygen conditions in the upper sediment layers were improved, and simultaneously the concentrations of sulphide were reduced. And their depth was clearly dependent on amphipod density. In Lake Sihwa, previously anoxic bottoms with sulphidic sediment during summer turn oxic with pycnocline disappearance during autumn. Amphipods seem to have the capability to quickly invade such areas, and their tubing of the sediment may play an important role in preparing the sediment for further recolonisation of other macrobenthos.