• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate driving performance of Healthy and disabled groups (with or without driver's license) to control steering wheel by using steering assistive devices in the driving simulator. The persons with partial loss of use of all four limbs have problems in operation of the motor vehicle because of functional loss to operate steering wheel. Therefore, if steering assistive devices for grasping the steering wheel are used to control the vehicle on the road in persons with disabilities, the disabled persons can improve mobility in their community life by driving a motor vehicle safely. Ten healthy subjects (with or w/o driver's license) and ten subjects with physical disabilities (with or w/o driver's license) were involved in this study to evaluate driving performance to operate steering wheel by using four types of steering assistive devices (Single-pin, V-grip, Palm-grip, Tri-pin) in driving simulator. STISim Drive 3 software was used to test the steering performance in four scenarios: straight road at low and high speed of vehicle (40 km/h and 80 km/h), curved road at low and high speed of vehicle (40 km/h and 80 km/h). This study used two-way ANOVA in order to compare the effects of two factors (type of steering assistive device and subject group) in the three dependent variables of driving performance (the lateral position of vehicle, standard deviation of lateral position representing the variation of the left and right movement of the vehicle and the number of line crossing). The mean values of the three dependent variables (lateral position, standard deviation of lateral position, the number of line crossing) of steering performance were statistically significantly smaller for the healthy or disabled groups with driver's license than the other groups without driver's license on the curved road at high speed of vehicle compared to low speed of vehicle.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 장애인 자가운전을 위한 휠체어 자동탑재기능을 가지는 캐리어를 개발하기 위하여 기구학적 동특성을 분석하고 기구부의 안전성을 고려한 강도 해석을 하였다. 휠체어 자동탑재장치의 실차량 장착 및 크기를 고려한 자가운전용 차량으로는 9인승 승합차량을 선정하였다. 먼저 기구학적 동특성과 구동 방식을 결정하고, 운동 궤적 및 동작 프로세스를 참조하여 캐리어를 적용하고자 하는 승합 차량에 대한 간섭여부를 확인하여 기구학적 개념 설계를 확정하고 기구부의 안전성을 확인하기 위해 강도해석을 통하여 설계의 신뢰성을 검증하였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.637-646
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop the adaptive device for severe physical disabilities using smart device in the driving simulator and its performance evaluation. Development of appropriate driving adaptive device for the people with serious physical limitation could contribute to maintain their community mobility. Background: There is lack of adaptive driving devices for the people with disabilities in Korea. However, if smart device systems like iPod and iPhone are used for driving a car, the people with serious physical limitations can improve their community mobility. Method: Both gyroscope and accelerometer from iPod were used to measure the tilted angle of the smart device for driving. Customized Labview program was also used to control three axis motors for steering wheel, accelerator and brake pedals. Thirteen subjects were involved in the experiment for performance evaluation of smart device in simulator. Five subjects had driver licenses. Another four subjects did not have driver licenses. Others were people with disabilities. Results: Average driving score of the normal group with driver license in the simulator increased 46.6% compared with the normal group without driver license and increased 30.4% compared with the disabled group(p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the average driving score between normal group without driver license and disabled group(p>0.05). Conclusion: The normal group with driver license showed significantly higher driving score than other groups. The normal group without driver license and disabled group could improve their driving skills with training in simulator. Application: If follow-up studies would be continued and applied in adapted vehicle for on road environment, many people with more severe disabilities could drive and improve the quality of life.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.352-359
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• 2013

Purpose: For patients with CNS injury who are restricted in the use of public transportation, car driving means more than simple movements and is essential for their independent lives, such as participation in society and returning to jobs. Therefore, in order to enhance the quality of life of disabled persons, their high perception and necessity of driving rehabilitation are required. The purpose of this study is to determine the perception and necessity of driver rehabilitation in patients with CNS injury. Methods: In order to survey the perception of patients with CNS injury and necessity of driving rehabilitation, questionnaires were distributed to patients with CNS injury. Questionnaires were composed of demographic characteristics, disability related characteristics, and driver's license related characteristics. Results: Our results showed that the number of driving participants with a driver's license for the disabled was significantly higher than that for non- driving participants with a previous general driver's license in the perception of driving rehabilitation. Conclusion: We suggest that driving rehabilitation for patients with CNS injury should be supported in terms of evaluation and treatment.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.700-707
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• 2018

자동차는 편리한 운송 기반 시설로써 우리생활에 폭넓게 활용되고 있으며, 운전자에 의해 차량의 모든 동작이 결정된다는 특징으로 운전자에 대한 적합한 인증이 중요하다. 특히 음주운전에 따른 다양한 사고로 인해 음주 시동 잠금장치 장착제도에 대한 도입 논의가 활발하며, 이러한 음주 시동 잠금장치 장착에 있어서 많은 비용과 시간이 소모된다는 단점이 있다. 장애인 및 국가유공자인 운전자에 대한 할인 혜택 제공에 있어서 사용자의 불편함 해소를 위한 적합한 사용자 인증이 필요한 상황이다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하고자 본 논문에서는 사용자의 스마트폰을 이용한 NFC 통신과 생체정보 기반의 운전자 인증을 통한 음주운전 방지, 장애인 및 국가유공자 혜택을 제공하는 효율적인 차량제어 및 사용자 인증 시스템을 제안하고자 한다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.85-101
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate smart secondary controls using iPad for the drivers with physical disabilities in the driving simulator. Background: The physically disabled drivers face problems in the operation of secondary control devices that accept a control input from a driver for the purpose of operating the subsystems of a motor vehicle. Many of conventional secondary controls consist of small knobs or switches that physically disabled drivers have difficulties in grasping, pulling or twisting. Therefore, their use while driving might increase distraction and workload because of longer operation time. Method: We examined the operation time of conventional and smart secondary controls, such as hazard warning, turn signal, window, windshield wiper, headlights, automatic transmission and horn. The hardware of smart secondary control system was composed of iPad, wireless router, digital input/output module and relay switch. We used the STISim Drive3 software for driving test, customized Labview and Xcode programs for interface control of smart secondary system. Nine subjects were involved in the study for measuring operation time of secondary controls. Results: When the driver was in the stationary condition, the average operation time of smart secondary devices decreased 32.5% in the normal subjects (p <0.01), 47.4% in the subjects with left hemiplegic disabilities (p <0.01) and 38.8% in the subjects with right hemiplegic disabilities (p <0.01) compared with conventional secondary devices. When the driver was driving for the test in the simulator, the average operation time of smart secondary devices decreased 36.1% in the normal subjects (p <0.01), 41.7% in the subjects with left hemiplegic disabilities (p <0.01) and 34.1% in the subjects with right hemiplegic disabilities (p <0.01) compared with conventional secondary devices. Conclusion: The smart secondary devices using iPad for people with hemiplegic disabilities showed significant reduction of operation time compared with conventional secondary controls. Application: This study can be used to design secondary controls for adaptive vehicles and to improve the quality of life of the people with disabilities.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2020

많은 나라에서 정규 운전면허 발급 기준을 만족시키지 못할 때, 특정한 조건을 만족시키는 경우에서만 운전을 허용하는 조건부 운전면허제도를 운영하고 있다. 우리나라에서는 시각, 청각, 신체 활동 등에 어려움을 겪는 사람들이 특별히 운전할 수 있도록 자동차의 구조를 개선하거나 신체 활동 보조수단을 이용하는 조건으로 면허를 발급하고 있다. 하지만 고령 운전자가 늘어나면서 기존 조건부 운전면허의 허용 조건을 다양화하자는 주장이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구는 외국의 다양한 조건부 운전면허제도 운영 사례를 벤치마킹하여 고령자를 위한 조건부 운전면허제도의 개선 방향을 모색하고자 한다. 특히 우리나라에 없는 조건부 운전면허 조건인 시간 제한, 공간 제한, 속도 제한, 도로 제한, 차량 제한, 개인 맞춤형 등 차원에서 주요 특징을 국제 비교를 통하여 도출하고자 한다. 조건부 운전면허제도의 허용기준 다양화는 고령자뿐만 아니라 차를 운전하지 않으면 일상생활에 어려움을 겪는 모든 운전자들에게 혜택이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2021

We propose a protocol for Ethernet-based industrial real-time communication networks. In the protocol, the master periodically transmits control frames to all slaves, and the ring-type network topology is selected to achieve high-speed transmission speed. The proposed protocol is implemented in the form of both firmware and Linux kernel modules. To improve the transmission speed, the MAC address table is disabled in the firmware implementation, and the NAPI function of the Ethernet driver is removed in the Linux kernel module implementation. A network experiment environment is built with four ARM processor-based embedded systems and network operation experiments are performed for various frame sizes. From the experimental results, it is verified that the proposed protocol normally operates, and the firmware implementation shows better transmission speed than the Linux kernel module implementation.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2012

Autoparking assistant systems are a new and very promising area in automotive systems engineering. Since the traffic in modern cities becomes more intense, it is getting harder for a driver. Those systems are necessary for an inexperienced one to find a proper parking slot, or to park in a narrow parking slot without damaging his car or the vehicles around. The implementation of autoparking assistant systems may reduce drivers' stress and make parking generally more comfortable. In addition, such system can be extremely useful for senior or disabled people or for drivers with reduced mobility. The implementation of autoparking assistant systems may increase the safety of the parking, and therefore the development of such systems is a highly-demanded task. We introduce an intelligent autoparking system that automatically generates trajectory for parking using a fuzzy logic. This paper consists of three parts. In first part we introduce trajectory generation method for parallel parking without collisions. Fuzzy-logic based trajectory generation algorithm is described in second part. Experimental results presented in the third part of the paper prove effectiveness of the proposed method.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the EMG characteristics of driver's upper extremity and driving performance for manipulating brake and accelerator pedal by using left and right hand control devices during simulated driving. The people with disabilities in the lower limb have problems in operation of the motor vehicle because of functional loss for manipulating brake and accelerator pedal. Therefore, if hand control device is used for adaptive driving controls in people with lower limb impairments, the disabled people can improve their quality of life by driving a motor vehicle. Six subjects were participated in this study to evaluate driving performance and muscle activities for operating brake and accelerator pedal by using two different hand controls (steering column mounted hand control and floor mounted hand control) in driving simulator. We measured EMG activities of six muscles (posterior deltoid, middle deltoid, triceps, biceps, flexor carpi radialis, and extensor carpi radialis) during pushing and pulling movement with different hand controls for acceleration and braking. STISim Drive 3 software was used for the performance test of different hand control devices in straight lane course for time to reach target speed and brake reaction time. While pulling the hand control lever toward the driver, normalized EMG activities of middle deltoid, triceps and flexor carpi radialis in subjects with disabilities were significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to the normal subjects. It was also found that muscle responses of posterior deltoid were significantly increased (p < 0.05) when using the right hand control than left hand control. While pushing the hand control lever forward away from the driver, normalized EMG activities of posterior deltoid, middle deltoid and extensor carpi radialis in subjects with disability were significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to the normal subjects. It was shown that muscle responses of middle deltoid, biceps and extensor carpi radialis were significantly increased when using the right hand control than left hand control. Brake reaction time and time to reach target speed in subjects with disability was increased by 12% and 11.3% on average compared to normal subjects. The subjects with physical disabilities showed a tendency to relatively slow acceleration at the straight lane course.