• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2005

Background: Chronic headache (CH) constitutes a significant public health problem, impacting on both the individual sufferer and society. Patients with CH, unresponsive to drug therapy or nerve block, suffer considerable disability due to the frequency and severity of attacks; therefore, they should be considered for novel therapy. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has shown significant promise in the management of CH. In this paper, we review recent evidence on the efficacy of BoNT-A, and also report our experience with this treatment in CH patients. Methods: BoNT-A was used to treat 69 CH patients, including 47 in a chronic migraine group and 22 in a non-migraine CH group, who showed therapy-resistance to palliative drug or nerve block. We investigated the demography, dosage and site of BoNT-A injection, and used a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and the degree of satisfaction. The data were analyzed using t-tests and a Friedman repeated measures analysis of variance on ranks. Results: Significant decreases in the VAS for pain were found in both the chronic migraine and non-migraine CH groups, from 2, 4 and 12 weeks and from 4 and 12 weeks, respectively, after BoNT-A administration (P < 0.05). The chronic migraine group showed significantly lower VAS scores for pain than the non-migraine CH group from 2, 4 and 12 weeks after the BoNT-A administration (P < 0.05). Twenty eight patients (59.2%) in the chronic migraine group and eight (36.4%) in the non-migraine CH were satisfied with the BoNT-A treatment. Conclusions: This clinical study revealed that the use of BoNT-A demonstrated efficacy for CH patients resistant to drug therapy or nerve block. Moreover, BoNT-A proved itself more effective in the chronic migraine than non-migraine CH group.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.58-71
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• 2007

교통약자 즉, 장애인과 노약자의 자립생활과 사회통합을 위한 장애물 없는 생활환경(Barrier-Free)의 실현은 건축, 도시, 교통, 도로 등 통합적인 측면에서 생활환경의 설계기준 재정비 등 하드웨어적인 측면과 함께 사회활동에 필요한 편의시설의 다양한 정보접근과 이용 등 소프트웨어적인 측면이 동시에 충족되어야 하며, 소프트웨어적인 측면은 편의시설의 이용성을 제고하는데 있어 매우 중요한 문제이다. 이러한 측면에서 편의시설의 이용성 향상을 위해 유비쿼터스 기술 등 정보통신기술을 활용한 지원시스템 구축이 필요하다. 대표적 교통약자인 장애인 노약자가 사회생활을 하기 위하여 주거지를 넘어 다른 장소로 이동하고자 할 경우에도 이들의 목적을 달성하기에 어려움이 없도록 정보를 제공하고 지원하는 시스템이 필요하다. 장애인, 노약자의 행태조사 및 요구조사를 통한 요구사항분석과 장애인, 노약자 중심의 생활 및 이동지원시스템관련 국외 연구동향 및 관련 기술요소파악 및 시스템 요구조건과 유즈케이스를 도출하였다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.299-323
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 생애사 연구를 통해 장애인의 사회적 배제 경험을 이해하는 데 있다. 이에 지체와 뇌병변 장애인 10명의 사회적 배제 경험을 중심으로 심층 면접하여 그 내용을 분석하였다. 그 결과는 참여 장애인들은 교육, 노동, 사회참여, 정보, 사회서비스, 공간, 건강관리 등의 다차원적인 사회적 배제에 직면해 있는 주변인으로 시민권적 권리가 부재한 삶을 지내왔다. 이러한 배제로 인해 사회적 관계가 단절되고 해체되었으며, 그들의 정체성 또한 규범화된 사회적 관념에 의해 타율적인 방식으로 정형화되어 갔다. 또한 장애와 빈곤이 복합적으로 결합된 참여 장애인들의 삶 가운데 이들 세대의 인식과 가치에 영향을 미친 역사적 경험들이 제시되었다. 한편 사회적으로 배제된 이들의 삶의 의미는 스스로 평가하고 해석하는 원천에 따라 새롭게 구성되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 장애인의 사회적 배제 극복을 위한 정책적 실천적 함의를 제시하였다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.210-216
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• 2011

Subsyndromal depression (SSD) is found to be more prevalent than major depressive disorder (MDD) and minor depressive disorder (MnDD). SSD is also associated with adverse clinical outcomes, increased risk of suicide, increased social dysfunction and disability, increased risk for future mood disorders, and increased uses of medical and mental health services. DSM-IV diagnostic criteria are not suitable for capturing SSD. Although there is no agreement on gold standard to define SSD so far, three definitions of SSD are available. First, SSD is defined as having two or more current depressive symptoms without core depressive symptoms (depressive mood or loss of interest) and with time threshold (most of the day and nearly every day over at least two weeks). Second, SSD is defined as having two or more current depressive symptoms with core depressive symptoms and without time threshold. Third, SSD is defined by using cutoff points of depression rating scales. SSD may represent a prodromal, residual, or interepisode symptomatic state in the course of MDD and MnDD. More than a half of SSD patients became any type of depressive disorders (SSD, MnDD and MDD) at 1 year. SSD may represent a discrete category of its own, without prior or consequent episodes of MDD. Considering clinical significance of SSD such as its high prevalence, significant psychosocial impairment and chronicity and serious outcomes, researchers and clinicians should be more vigilant in capturing and caring for patients with SSD.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.795-807
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise therapy to oldwomen's muscle strength, flexibility and IADL. To identify the effect of exercise therapy on oldwomen's muscle strength, flexibility and IADL, this study attempted to determine grip strength, back strength, leg strength, flexibility of upper and low(flexion, extension, abduction), flexibility of trunk(flexion, extension) and IADL, using dynamometer, goniometer and Geriatric center IADL, for 34 female. Thirty-four subjects participating in this study consisted of A group(from sixty-five to sixty-nine, eleven person), B group(from seventy to seventy-four, twelve person), C group(over seventy-five years old, eleven person). Data from the findings of this experiment were computed for and standard deviation by using repeated measurement of MINI TAB. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn : 1. Subject group showed significantly higher scores on effect of exercise between three age group after regular exercise. 2. Subject group showed significantly higher scores on muscle strength(grip strength, back strength, leg strength) and there is a difference between three age group after regular exercise of muscle strength. 3. Subject group showed significantly higher scores on flexibility (upper, lower, trunk) and there is a difference between three age group after regular exercise of flexibility. 4. Subject group showed significantly higher scores on IADL(Instrumental activities of daily living) and there is a difference between three age group after regular exercise. As a result of this study, the effect of exercise training program had improved muscle strength, ROM (range of motion) of joint, IADL. Thus exercise training program could be beneficially applied for the prevention of disability and promotion of health and wellbeing in the aged easily and safely.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.30-43
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• 2019

This study compared the predictive models for the growth kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus in ham rice balls. In addition, a semi-quantitative risk assessment of S. aureus on ham rice balls was conducted using FDA-iRISK 4.0. The rice was rounded with chopped ham, which was mixed with mayonnaise (SHM), soy sauce (SHS), or gochujang (SHG), and was contaminated artificially with approximately $2.5{\log}\;CFU{\cdot}g^{-1}$ of S. aureus. The inoculated rice balls were then stored at $7^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, and $25^{\circ}C$, and the number of viable S. aureus was counted. The lag phases duration (LPD) and maximum specific growth rate (SGR) were calculated using a Baranyi model as a primary model. The growth parameters were analyzed using the polynomial equation as a function of temperature. The LPD values of S. aureus decreased with increasing temperature in SHS and SHG. On the other hand, those in SHM did not show any trend with increasing temperature. The SGR positively correlated with temperature. Equations for LPD and SGR were developed and validated using $R^2$ values, which ranged from 0.9929 to 0.9999. In addition, the total DALYs (disability adjusted life years) per year in the ham rice balls with soy sauce and gochujang was greater than mayonnaise. These results could be used to calculate the expected number of illnesses, and set the hazard management method taking the DALY value for public health into account.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.66-77
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• 2022

Objective: This study is a systematic review conducted to analyze the environmental factors that cause falls in the older adult. Design: Systematic review Methods: The study was conducted by searching the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), and Data Base Periodical Information Academic (DBpia) databases for literature published in South Korea up to July 2020. A total of 12 studies were selected for analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The results of the analysis revealed that all the selected literature were surveys and the study subjects were 65 years of age and above. The sample size ranged from a minimum of 95 subjects to a maximum of 3,278. A total of eight tools were used to measure the environmental factors associated with falls. The prevalence and recurrence of falls increase with age and deterioration of health. Older adult individuals who experience falls encounter difficulties in recovering from impaired physical function and disability; moreover, in severe cases, falls may lead to death. Falls are largely associated with a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic (i.e., environmental) factors. The purpose of this study was to assess potential extrinsic risk factors for falls. Falls occur in indoor environments, such as washrooms, bathrooms and living rooms, and outdoor environments, including roads and stairways, depending on the season, time of day, and use of ambulatory aids. In such environments, falls are mainly caused by slipping and stuttering. Conclusions: Therefore, as the rate of fall is influenced by several factors, extrinsic factors should be improved by developing comprehensive accident prevention programs that address the improvement of environmental risk factors around places of residence to reduce risk factors among the older adult, who, especially, are at a high risk for falls.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2023

Background: Patients with neck pain develop instability due to muscle imbalance, decreased proprioception, and balance disorders. Studies have examined various exercise methods as treatment methods, but few studies have compared the effects of cervical stabilization exercise and dynamic balance exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dynamic balance exercise on pain, functional level, and psychosocial level in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain. Methods: Thirty-four non-specific chronic neck pain patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG, n=17) and control group (CG, n=17); the cervical stabilization exercise and dynamic balance exercise program were applied to the EG; and only the cervical stabilization exercise program was applied to the CG. The intervention was conducted twice a week, for six weeks. Assessment items evaluated pain, dysfunction (Korean version neck disability index), range of motion, craniocervical flexion test, cervical deep flexor endurance test, and psychosocial level. Data analysis was performed using intention-to-treat analysis as assigned. To analyze differences in the items assessed in the two groups, we used a repeated measures analysis of variance with an interaction between group (EG, CG) and time point (baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks). Results: The endurance of the cervical flexor muscles between the group and the measurement point after intervention (p<.05). Both groups showed significantly improved endurance between time points after the intervention (p<.05), with the EG showing a greater change than the CG. None of the other measurement items differed in the pattern of change between measurement points. Conclusion: In conclusion, the EG applying a cervical stabilization exercise and a dynamic balance exercise experienced a significant difference in muscle endurance improvement compared to the CG. We propose an exercise intervention program that includes stabilization exercises and dynamic balance exercises for patients with chronic cervical pain who lack muscle endurance.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2009

Objectives : A ruptured disc is a condition in which part or all of the nucleus pulposus is forced through a weakened part of the disc, resulting in back pain and leg pain caused by nerve root irritation. In this report, we investigated the effect of oriental medicine treatment in parallel with sling exercise therapy on ruptured intervertebral lumbar disc patients. Methods : The patients who have ruptured disc were treated by oriental medicine treatment in parallel with sling exercise therapy. The patients' symptoms were assessed by visual analogue scale(VAS) and revised oswestry disability questionnaire(RODQ) every week. Results : In all cases, chief complain such as lumbago, radicular pain and paresthesia were improved after above treatment. VAS score and RODQ score of all cases were decreased. Conclusions : There were usually thought to need operation in ruptured disc. But conservative treatment such as oriental medicine treatment in parallel with sling exercise therapy is helpful to improve the symptoms of the ruptured intervertebral lumbar disc except the emergency state.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Background: The continuous co-contraction of the trunk muscles through trunk stabilization exercises is important to patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). However, intentional abdominal muscle contraction (IAMC) for trunk stabilization has been used only for specific training in the treatment room. Objects: The purpose of this study was to provide feedback to adults with LSS to enable IAMC during activities of daily living (ADLs). Methods: The participants with spinal stenosis were divided into an experimental group of 15 adults and a control group of 16 adults. Electromyographic signals were measured while the subjects kept their both hands held up at $90^{\circ}$. The measured muscles were the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and erector spinae (ES). Pelvic tilt was measured using a digital pelvic inclinometer. The degree of pain was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and functional capacity was measured using the Korean version of the Oswestry disability index (KODI). Results: While the experimental group showed statistically significantly higher activities in the RA, EO, and IO after the intervention compared with the control group. Pelvic tilt was significantly decreased only in the experimental group. Both the experimental and control groups exhibited statistically significant declines in the VAS and KODI (p<.01). In terms of the levels of changes, the experimental group exhibited a statistically significant larger decline only in the VAS and the pelvic tilt when compared with the control group (p<.05). Conclusions: The subjects could stabilize their trunks, and relieve their pain and dysfunctions and reduce pelvic tilt by learning abdominal muscle contraction during ADLs. The combination of therapeutic exercises and IAMC may have greater effects on patients with LSS.