• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study is to suggest the standard of the direction sign on the pendant switch of overhead cranes which can reduce human errors in control. Background: A great number of crane accidents occur in industries. One of the major causes of the accidents is the mistake in the control of cranes by confusing the orientation of crane movements. Nevertheless, three different direction sign styles, 'East, West, South, North (EWSN)', 'Forward, Backward, Left, Right (FBLR)', and arrows for four directions are used without standardization. Method: An overhead crane simulator was installed for a laboratory experiment. It could move along six directions by the control of a pendant switch. 90 participants were evenly assigned to the three different conditions of direction sign styles. The participants were asked to control the pendant switch according to the continuously appearing 16 direction signs on a monitor ahead. The participants were allowed to refer an orientation sign board on the ceiling representing correct movement directions of the overhead crane simulator. Results: The direction sign style, 'EWSN', showed statistically significant better performance in task completion time and number of errors than the other sign styles. The direction sign style, 'EWSN', adopting the cardinal direction system, made the participants clear in direction controls after customizing to the crane movements. However, the direction sign styles, 'FBLR' and the arrows adopting the relative direction system made conflicts in direction controls due to the egocentric view of human. Conclusion: The direction sign style, 'EWSN', is the most appropriate for the standardization of the direction sign on the pendant switch of overhead cranes. Application: The results of this study can be applied to the standardization of direction sign in the legal notification on the safety certifications of crane manufacturing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2013

Road signs are important infrastructures for safe and smooth traffic by providing useful information to drivers. It is necessary to establish road sign DB for managing road signs systematically. To provide such DB, manually detection and recognition from imagery can be done. However, it is time and cost consuming. In this study, we proposed algorithms for automatic recognition of direction information in road sign image. Also we developed algorithm code using OpenCV library, and applied it to road sign image. To automatically detect and recognize direction information, we developed program which is composed of various modules such as image enhancement, image binarization, arrow region extraction, interesting point extraction, and template image matching. As a result, we can confirm the possibility of automatic recognition of direction information in road sign image.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.211-222
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• 1997

We briefly review three Raleigh type location tests based on direction vectors, which have been shown to be efficient when the distribution is unknown, skewed, or heavy-tailed. Then we calculate their test breakdown points and discuss the robustness of Randles multivariate sign test for one-sample.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.595-603
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• 2015

With the advances of the big-data process technology, acquiring the real-time information from the massive image data taken by a mobile device inside a vehicle will be possible in the near future. Among the information that can be found around the vehicle, the route information is needed for safe driving. In this study, the automatic extraction of route information from the road sign imagery was dealt with. The scope of the route information in this study included the route number, route type, and their relationship with the driving direction. For the recognition of the route number, the modified Tesseract OCR (Optical Character Recognition) engine was used after extracting the rectangular-road-sign area with the Freeman chain code tracing algorithm. The route types (expressway, highway, rural highway, and municipal road) are recognized using the proposed algorithms, which are acquired from colour space analysis. Those road signs provide information about the route number as well as the roads that may be encountered along the way. In this study, such information was called “OTW (on the way)” or “TTW (to the way)” which between the two should be indicated is determined using direction information. Finally, the route number is matched with the direction information. Experiments are carried out with the road sign imagery taken inside a car. As a result, route numbers, route number type, OTW or TTW are successfully recognized, however some errors occurred in the process of matching TTW number with the direction.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2000

In this paper, a vision-based roadway detection algorithm for an automated vehicle control system, based on roadway sign information on roads, is proposed. First, in order to detect roadway signs, the color scene image is enhanced under hue-invariance. Fuzzy logic is employed to simplify the enhanced color image into a binary image and the binary image is morphologically filtered. Then, an effective algorithm of locating signs based on binary rank order transform (BROT) is utilized to extract signs from the image. This algorithm performs better than those previously presented. Finally, the inner shapes of roadway signs with curving roadway direction information are recognized by neural networks. Experimental results show that the new detection algorithm is simple and robust, and performs well on real sign detection. The results also show that the neural networks used can exactly recognize the inner shapes of signs even for very noisy shapes.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1535-1545
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• 2022

Sign language has completely different meaning depending on the direction of the hand or the change of facial expression even with the same gesture. In this respect, it is crucial to capture the spatial-temporal structure information of each movement. However, sign language translation studies based on Sign2Gloss2Text only convey comprehensive spatial-temporal information about the entire sign language movement. Consequently, detailed information (facial expression, gestures, and etc.) of each movement that is important for sign language translation is not emphasized. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose Spatial-temporal Keypoints Centered Sign2Gloss2Text Translation, named STKC-Sign2 Gloss2Text, to supplement the sequential and semantic information of keypoints which are the core of recognizing and translating sign language. STKC-Sign2Gloss2Text consists of two steps, Spatial Keypoints Embedding, which extracts 121 major keypoints from each image, and Temporal Keypoints Embedding, which emphasizes sequential information using Bi-GRU for extracted keypoints of sign language. The proposed model outperformed all Bilingual Evaluation Understudy(BLEU) scores in Development(DEV) and Testing(TEST) than Sign2Gloss2Text as the baseline, and in particular, it proved the effectiveness of the proposed methodology by achieving 23.19, an improvement of 1.87 based on TEST BLEU-4.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.166-167
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.324-325
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• 2005

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2023

When performing stress analysis for a nozzle in nuclear power plants, the nozzle loads should be determined conservatively. Existing stress analysis report of 3-D nozzle loads in nuclear power plants often provide only load magnitude not the sign (direction). Since calculated stress distribution depends on load direction, determining critical load directions for conservative stress analysis is crucial. In this study, an efficient method for determining critical load directions in nozzle loads is proposed. In the proposed method, stresses are firstly calculated using elastic finite element (FE) analysis for the uni-axial load in each direction. Then stress distributions for the multi-axial loads are analytically calculated using the principle of superposition. The calculated stress values are verified by comparing with FE analysis results under multi-axial loading. By using this method, the complex task of determining conservative load directions can be simplified.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.28
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• pp.133-139
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• 2001

There are many types of linguistical system generally being used in modern society and it is essential to understand the primary components comprising the linguistical system when communication by the language system. In the linguistics point of view, the sign system has been developed from the simple linguistic symbols used by our ancestors in the ancient period, those visual linguistic sign can be so symbolize and express simply the significant meaning of it that people can understand and communicate with it so fast and easily. Therefore, the purpose of this report is how the sign system can be convenient, handy, safe, comfortable, and confusion-proof to the occupants as the public media; easily understandable to the individual by the development and constitution of effectual signage system concerning guidance, direction and safeguards in thee visual linguistics point of view. Consequently, the sign system have been studied based upon the theory of visual perception considering the cognitive and sociopsychological affects of user.