• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.330-335
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• 2000

Functional metal prototypes are often required in numerous industrial applications. These components are typically needed in the early stage of a project to determine form, fit and function. Recent R/P(Rapid Prototyping) part are made of soft materials such as plastics, wax, paper, these master models cannot be employed durable test in real harsh working environment. Parts by direct metal rapid tooling method, such as laser sintering, by now are hard to get net shape, pores of the green parts of powder casting method must be infiltrated to get proper strength as tool, and new type of 3D direct tooling system combining fabrication welding arc and cutting process is reported. But a system which can build directly 3D parts of high performance functional material as metal park would get long period of system development, massive investment and other serious obstacles, such as patent. In this paper, through the rapid tooling process as silicon rubber molding using R/P master model, and fabricate wax pattern in that silicon rubber mold using vacuum casting method, then we translated the wax patterns to numerous metal tool prototypes by new investment casting process combined conventional investment casting with rapid prototyping & rapid tooling process. With this wax-injection-mold-free investment casting, we developed new investment casting process of fabricating numerous functional metal prototypes from one master model, combined 3-D CAD, R/P and conventional investment casting and tried to expect net shape measuring total dimension shrinkage from R/P pare to metal part.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.59-89
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• 2002

The rapid diffusion of information and telecommunication (IT) technologies during the recent decennia produced fundamental changes in the economic activity at a global level, resulting in what became coined as the "new economy". However, empirical evidence on the contribution of IT equipment to growth and productivity is at best mixed, with the more or less consistent results on the positive link between the two relating to the United States in the 1990-s. Although the empirical literature on the link between IT investment and economic performance employs a wide variety of methodologies, the overwhelming majority of the studies appears to be employing the assumption of linearity of the IT-performance relationship and predominantly explores the direct nature thereof. In this study we relax both these assumptions and find that the indirect, or aggregate productive efficiency, effects of IT investment are as important as are the direct ones The estimated non-linear nature of the indirect relationship between IT investment intensity and productive efficiency accommodates the concepts of critical mass and complementary (infrastructure) capital offered in the literature. Our key finding is that the world economy′s average level of IT investment intensity remained below the estimated critical mass. Since in this study we developed a methodology that allows one to explicitly measure the critical mass of IT investment intensity, its individual estimation at a country or industrialsector level may help evaluate the extent to which IT investment activity has to be encouraged or discouraged.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.435-453
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• 2005

This paper suggests several strategies for promoting Trade and Foreign Direct Investment cooperation to the Korean government and companies as follows ; For Korean government, its trade policy would be given much weight on the import from the Vietnam in the early developing stage. This import could be compensated and increased with the counter export of Korean products like the industrial goods. For Korean companies, they would make haste to invest and develop the abundant energy and natural resources in Vietnam. Their desirable strategies would be moving small scale projects into large ones, production partnerships with the foreign developed and experienced companies, and international joint ventures for using inward FDI incentives. The long range vision and perseverance are indispensable for promoting trade and foreign direct investments between and Korea and Vietnam and both parties' win-win results and development in the end.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.105-124
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• 2006

We, in this paper, suggest the Yeosu internationalization strategy for holding the 2012 World EXPO in Yeosu successfully, First of all, we analyze some problems that hinder the internationalization of Yeosu. Our analysis, also, provides several strategic solutions to those problems by foreign direct investment, international trade, hub port development, and international tourism. first strategy is to create a more favorable business environment for foreign investors. Foreign direct investment is the most effective way to internationalize the specific district. Second strategy is to expand the export of small and medium-sized firms in Yeosu. Especially, local firms with agricultural/fishery products have to develop various new products and introduce the effective international marketing strategy. Final strategy is to develop the hub port in Yeosu and the new tourist resources to attract foreign tourists.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.151-174
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• 2021

This paper empirically examines whether and how inward foreign direct investment (FDI) affected industrial productivity in Korea during the 2000-2016 period, based on dynamic panel data of inflow FDI on an arrival basis from 427 manufacturing industries. The paper adds to the literature by analyzing whether both technology spillovers and industrial restructuring from inward FDI can differ according to industrial characteristics such as capital intensity, imported intermediate inputs, and tariffs. The empirical results show that the overall effects of inward FDI on total factor productivity (TFP) were statistically insignificant in general. However, the positive effects of inward FDI on productivity became statistically significant for industries with lower tariffs. Capital intensity were not involved in the relationship between inward FDI and productivity. Thus, the paper highlights that the results in previous studies with inward FDI on a notification basis were overestimated and inward FDI policies in Korea should focus on channels such as trade liberalization and the redistribution of production factors rather than capital accumulation.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.27-48
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• 2022

This paper reconsiders the empirical evidence of the relationship between tax treaties and FDI using U.S. outbound FDI to 78 countries over the period of 2007-2018. Unlike previous studies, we explicitly consider differences in the tax environments of recipient economies, including their tax-haven status, transfer pricing rules, CFC rules and anti-avoidance regulations, in our estimations. Our results confirm the importance of controlling for country-specific tax environments, especially the tax-haven status and transfer pricing rules. We find that tax treaties positively contribute to FDI inflows in developing countries, while they have no statistically significant impacts on OECD countries. Recently signed tax treaties still foster FDI but less than older ones do. Finally, our results indicate, all other things being equal, that the weaker the transfer pricing regulations, the greater the amount of U.S. direct investment into a non-OECD economy.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.95-105
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• 2020

Vietnam has experienced a high economic growth since early 2000s. One of the reasons for this successful economic growth is foreign direct investment that has been invested mainly in manufacturer sector in Vietnam. In this paper, we examine the impacts of foreign direct investment to Vietnam on its exports using quarterly data from 2000:1 to 2017:4. Since all the variables in our model is subject to I(1), we apply Fully Modified OLS(FMOLS) to estimate a cointegration vectors. Our results show that there exists a long-run relationship among Export, FDI, Exchange rate and G20 countries' GDP. Also, we find that FDI has a positive effect on Vietnam's export, which was statistically significant. Our results support the hypothesis that the FDI to Vietnam since 2000 has an export-oriented feature.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.195-205
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• 2020

This study investigates the effects of financial development on the foreign direct investment (FDI) flow in host countries. Using bilateral FDI data from 34 OECD source countries to 146 host countries, we performed panel data analysis based on a gravity FDI equation. We hypothesized that the financial development would increase the volume of FDI flows. The results suggest that the well-functioning finance market of source countries as well as a better accessable financial market of host countries contribute to the increase in FDI of OECD in their partner countries. We found also that the financial development effects of source countries are larger than those of host countries. This result shows that the financial development can play a crucial role to impact the FDI inflows as push factor in source country than as a pull factor in host countries.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2017

When evaluating effectiveness of a R&D program, there is a tendency to simply compare the performances of the beneficiaries before and after the program or to compare the differences in the performances of the beneficiaries and the non-beneficiaries before-after the program. However, these ways of evaluating effectiveness of a program have some problems because they can not differentiate between complement effect, which facilitates corporate R&D investment, and substitute effect, which, literally, substitutes corporate R&D investment. Therefore, these problems could bring about wrong policies concerning R&D programs. In this paper, a new approach using path analysis is suggested as a means to overcome these problems and it is utilized, as an application, to evaluate the effectiveness of Plant Engineering Program conducted by Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, Korea. First, the direct impact of government R&D investment on corporate R&D investment is analyzed, through which it is identified which of crowding-in effect (complement effect) and crowding-out effect (substitute effect) is dominant. Next, the direct effect of government R&D investment on corporate performance and the direct effect of corporate R&D investment on corporate performance is analyzed respectively. Finally, by combining the two previous analysis, the total effect of government R&D investment on corporate performance is identified. As a result, it turns out that, in Plant Engineering Program, crowding-in effect is more dominant than crowding-out effect and that Plant Engineering Program has definitely positive effect on the beneficiary in terms of corporate performance indirectly and directly.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.119-133
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• 2021

After 'Zhou Chuchu (走出去, Go global)' in the early 2000s, and with the 'One-to-One Road' initiative in 2012, China's Overseas Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) has increased significantly, resulting in high academic interest. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of national risks of home country on China's OFDI by using data from 49 countries along the 'One-to-One Road' between 2007 and 2018, and to compare the factors of national risks that attract investment from the world. As a result of the study, market economy companies' perceptions of national risks are mostly negative, so risk acts as a deterrent to investment. On the other hand, national risks of home countries have had positive effects on China's OFDI, which would mean that Chinese investors, mostly state-owned enterprises have a high tendency to invest in regions or countries with high national risks. Other economic factors, such as the size of the investment partner country's market, GNI per capita, and trade openness, had a positive (+) effect, and natural resources had a negative (-) effect on China's OFDI. As dummy variables, FTA, which is an economic and diplomatic factor, SCO, which is a political and diplomatic factor, and bordering which is a geographical factor, were also found to have a positive (+) effect. This study implies the investment pattern of China's OFDI is due to the characteristics of China's unique geopolitical and economic system, and it is judged to be influenced by political and strategic factors, especially the aspects led by state-owned enterprises.