• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.151-151
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• 2017

In Asia, rice production has some difficulties with reduction of farm household population and increase of elderly population. As a result, it has resulted in inefficiency and we needs to reduce labor force and improve labor productivity. Direct-seeding in rice could reduce labor and production costs, the area of direct seeding is increasing in japonica rice production in Asia. In direct seedling cultivation competition against weeds is one of most important concern. So, low temperature germinability and mesocotyl elongation should be considered. In this study, we evaluated the mesocotyl length and low temperature germination conducted association analysis using 137 korea core collections. An average length of mesocotyl among 137 core collections was skewed range from 0mm to 43mm. we searched candidate gene around target SNP. Such related traits, genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis was carried out using GAPIT. Also, average mesocotyl length of 394 korea landrace cultivars was measured ranging from minimum 0 mm to maximum 34mm. 30 out of 394 Korea landrace cultivar conducted re-sequencing, and haplotype analysis of candidate gene. we searched these related resources, which including germination of low temperature and mesocotyl elongation. This could be used for the development of direct-seeding cultivars. The valiated accession of core collection and landrace cultivars will be used development of direct-seedling cultivar in the future.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1061-1069
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• 1989

본 연구에서는 제조공정을 생략하고, 보다 최종제품의 형상에 가까운 직접압 연법을 실현하기 위한 기초적 연구로서 두개의 회전하는 로울 내부를 냉각하면서 쐐기형 노즐을 통하여 폭이 균일한 용탕을 직접 주입하는 실험방법에 의해서 얻어진 주편의 표면상태와 주조조건과의 관계에 대하여 논하며 또한 기계적성질에 대하여 검토한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1805-1811
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• 2016

The goal of this study was to estimate the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), namely methane ($CH_4$), nitrous oxide ($N_2O$), and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) from poultry and pig production in South Korea over the last 10 years (2005 through 2014). The calculations of GHG emissions were based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines. Over the study period, the $CH_4$ emission from manure management decreased in layer chickens, nursery to finishing pigs and gestating to lactating sows, but there was a gradual increase in $CH_4$ emission from broiler chickens and male breeding pigs. Both sows and nursery to finishing pigs were associated with greater emissions from enteric fermentation than the boars, especially in 2009. Layer chickens produced lower direct and indirect $N_2O$ emissions from 2009 to 2014, whereas the average direct and indirect $N_2O$ emissions from manure management for broiler chickens were 12.48 and $4.93Gg\;CO_2-eq/yr$, respectively. Annual direct and indirect $N_2O$ emissions for broiler chickens tended to decrease in 2014. Average $CO_2$ emission from direct on-farm energy uses for broiler and layer chickens were 46.62 and $136.56Gg\;CO_2-eq/yr$, respectively. For pig sectors, the $N_2O$ emission from direct and indirect sources gradually increased, but they decreased for breeding pigs. Carbon dioxide emission from direct on-farm energy uses reached a maximum of $53.93Gg\;CO_2-eq/yr$ in 2009, but this total gradually declined in 2010 and 2011. For boars, the greatest $CO_2$ emission occurred in 2012 and was $9.44Gg\;CO_2-eq/yr$. Indirect $N_2O$ emission was the largest component of GHG emissions in broilers. In layer chickens, the largest contributing factor to GHG emissions was $CO_2$ from direct on-farm energy uses. For pig production, the largest component of GHG emissions was $CH_4$ from manure management, followed by $CO_2$ emission from direct on-farm energy use and $CH_4$ enteric fermentation emission, which accounted for 8.47, 2.85, and $2.82Gg-CO_2/yr$, respectively. The greatest GHG emission intensity occurred in female breeding sows relative to boars. Overall, it is an important issue for the poultry and pig industry of South Korea to reduce GHG emissions with the effective approaches for the sustainability of agricultural practices.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2013

Recently the Korean court accepts two typies of fisheries damages caused by oil pollution.. One is the direct loss of fisheries production originated from pollution of oil spillover. The other is the indirect loss of fisheries production originated from governmental measure of restricting fishing activities because of safety of marine product of oil spillover areas. The paper tries to suggest the appropriated measure of oil pollution damages of hanging and floating netcage aquaculture fisheries using the court judgement for responsibility restriction on Herbei Spirit Case. The paper tries to compare the damge estimation method of floating netcage aquaculture fisheries with that of natural aquaculture fisheries using conventional theory of the population biology of living resources characterized with age distribution.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.39-53
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• 2004

Data production systems are generally very large, distributed and complex systems used for creating advanced (mainly statistical) reports. Typically, data is gathered periodically and then subsequently aggregated and separated during numerous production steps. These production steps are arranged in a specific sequence (workflow or production chain), and can be located worldwide. Today, a need for improving and automating methods of supervision for data production systems has been recognized. Supervision in this context entails planning, monitoring and controlling data production. Two significant approaches are introduced here for improving this supervision. The first is a 'closely-coupledd' approach (meaning direct communication between production jobs and supervisory tool, informing the supervisory tod immediately about delays in production) - based upon traditional production planning methods typically used for manufacturing (goods) and adopted for working with data production. The second is a 'loosely-coupled' approach (meaning no direct communication between supervisory tool and production jobs is used) - having its origins in proven traditional project management. The supervisory tool just enquires continuously the progress of production. In both cases, dates, costs, resources, and system health information is made available to management. production operators and administrators to support a timely and smooth production of periodic data. Both approaches are theoretically described and compared. The main finding is that, both are useful, but in different cases. The main advantages of the closely coupled approach are the large production optimisation potential and a production overview in form of a job execution plan, whereas the loosely coupled method mainly supports unhindered job execution and offers a sophisticated production overview in form of a milestone schedule. Ideas for further research include investigation of other potential approaches and theoretical and practical comparison.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.503-507
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• 2002

Mask manufacturing is a high COC and COO process in developing of semiconductor devices, because of the mass production tool with high resolution. Direct writing has been thought to be one of the patterning method to cope with development or small-lot production of the device. This study focused on the development of the direct, mastless patterning process using stereolithography tool for the easy and convenient application to micro and miso scale products. Experiments are utilized by three dimensional CAD/CAM as a mask and photo-curable resin as a photo-resist in a conventional stereo-lithography apparatus. Results show that the resolution of the pattern was achieved about 300 micron because of complexity of SLA apparatus settings, inspite of 100 micro of inherent resolution. This paper concludes that photo resist and laser spot diameter should be adjusted to get finer patterns and the proposed method is significantly feasible to mastless and low cost patterning with micro and miso scale.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.154-161
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• 2000

A series of soil bin experiment was carried to investigate the effects of rotary blade shape, rotational direction of rotary blade, number of blade and soil cutting disk blade on the characteristics of partial tillage. Among the three types of rotary blades, rotary blade for cultivator was considered to be proper for partial tillage of direct seeder considering the torque requirements and ratio of soil breaking. There is no need to attach so many blades to the rotary shaft. Four rotary blades were enough for efficient partial tillage by rotary tiller. Though soil cutting disk blade assisted the better formation of seedbed furrow, attachment of the soil cutting disk blade increased torque requirements.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.3130-3139
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• 2022

Direct containment heating (DCH) is one of the potential factors leading to early containment failure. DCH is closely related to safety analysis and containment performance evaluation of nuclear power plants. In this study, a DCH prediction program was developed to analyze the DCH loads of containment vessel. The phenomenological model of debris dispersal, metal oxidation reaction, debris-atmospheric heat transfer and hydrogen jet burn was established. Code assessment was performed by comparing with several separate effect tests and integral effect tests. The comparison between the predicted results and experimental data shows that the program can predict the key parameters such as peak pressure, temperature, and hydrogen production in containment well, and for most comparisons the relative errors can be maintained within 20%. Among them, the prediction uncertainty of hydrogen production is slightly larger. The analysis shows that the main sources of the error are the difference of time scale and the oxidation of cavity debris.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.512-515
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• 2005

An in vitro study was conducted to determine the effect of C18-polyunsaturated fatty acid on direct incorporation into the rumen bacteria, bio-hydrogenation and production of CLA in vitro. Sixty milligrams of linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$) or linolenic acid ($C_{18:3}$) were absorbed into the 0.5 g cellulose powder was added to the 150 ml culture solution consisting of 120 ml McDougall's buffer and 30 ml strained rumen fluid. Four uCi of 1-$^{14}C_{18:2}$ or 1-$^{14}C_{18:3}$ (1 uCi/15 mg each fatty acid) were also added to the corresponding fatty acids to estimate the direct incorporation into the bacterial lipids. The culture solution was then incubated anaerobically in a culture jar with stirrer at 39$^{\circ}C$ for 12 h. Ammonia concentration and pH of the culture solution were slightly influenced by the fatty acids. Amount of fatty acid incorporated into the bacteria was 1.20 mg and 0.43 mg/30 ml rumen fluid for $C_{18:2}$ and $C_{18:3}$, respectively during 12 h incubation. Slightly increased CLA (sum of cis-9, trans-11 and cis-10, trans-12 $C_{18:2}$) was obtained from the $C_{18:3}$ addition compared to that from $C_{18:2}$ after 12 h incubation in vitro.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.24-33
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• 2008

Optimal design of the direct-driven PM Wind Generator, combined with DEAS(Dynamic Encoding Algorithm for Searches) and FEM(Finite Element Method), has been proposed to maximize the Annual Energy Production(AEP) over the whole wind speed characterized by the statistical model of wind speed distribution. In particular, DEAS contributes to reducing the excessive computing time for the optimization process.