• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.891-899
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• 2015

본 연구는 자생나리에 있어서 기내 인편삽의 계대배양이 lily symptomless virus(LSV) 제거에 미치는 영향과 구근 재배 조건이 LSV 재감염에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 LSV 무병주 대량 생산을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 실시되었다. 식물재료로는 날개하늘나리(L. dauricum), 말나리(L. distichum), 참나리(L. lancifolium), 중나리(L. maximowitzii)등 자생나리 4종을 사용하였다. LSV에 감염된 식물체의 인편에서 소인경을 얻은 다음 이들 소인경을 5회 이상 계대배양을 했을 때 LSV가 완전히 제거되었다. 특히 날개하늘나리와 말나리에서는 1회 기내 인편삽으로도 LSV를 완전히 제거할 수 있었다. 그러나 기내배양을 통해 생산된 LSV 무병주라도 구근의 재배기간이 길수록, 봄 정식구보다 가을 정식구에서, 소식구보다 밀식구에서, 해안지역보다는 내륙 지역에서 재감염률이 높았다. 그리고 재감염률은 중나리가 날개하늘나리와 참나리보다 높았다. LSV 감염주는 무병주에 비해 엽록소 함량이 낮았다. 따라서 자생나리 구근의 수회 계대배양을 통해 LSV를 제거할 수 있으며, 구근 생산과정에서 낮은 재식밀도, 봄 정식, 해안지역 정식 등 재배적 방제를 통해 LSV 재감염을 억제할 수 있을 것이다.

• 복식
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• 제39권
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• pp.217-237
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• 1998

The present research is to study the make-up culture of Korea and its neighboring countries such as China and Japan during the period from the prehistoric age to the 19th cen-tury. The research was made by documents analysis. The results are summerised as follows : (1) A man has a basic instinct to beautify himself. There was not a significant difference between the make-up behavior of men and women in its primal stage. It was by the start of farming and the division of labor that made the make-up behavior as a feminine culture. The difference of sexual role caused the con-ceptual difference between manly beauty and womanly beauty. It was very natural for women to regard the make-up as the best way for showing their feminine beauty. In Korea, China and Japan, there were vari-ous kinds of primal actions such as tattooing, body-painting, and tooth make-up which were used in the purpose of body protection, incantation, ornament, and so on. Ass their ornamental purpose was becoming more important, these primal actions became the basis of the feminine make-up culture. Nowadays make-up, having mental and emo-tional function, is helpful to increasing self-satisfaction, promoting good personal relation-ship, and attracting attention from the other sex. It also has other functions of showing social status, wealth, age, sex, courage, power, and so on. (2) The representative make-up product used widely in the three countries was Boon (powder) which decides the overall color of face. The key point in the production of Boon was to increase its power of adsorption. The invention of Yunboon (power mixed with lead) solved this major problem of Boon. Yeonji which decides the color of cheek was the mixture of Boon and the powder of Honghwa (a kind of red-colored flower or tree). Mimook (eyebrow pencil) was developed to match up with the various and changing currencies of penciling eyebrows in each nation and times, Yeonji and Joosa (red sand) were used as Jinji (lip stick). The predominant color of Jinji was red. As miscellaneous methods of partial make-up, there were Kon-ji used in a wedding cer-emony in korea, Aek-hwang, Hwa-jeon, Sa-hong, and Myun-yup in China, and Chi-heuk, a peculial method of partial make-up in japan. (3) There were various factors which decided the characteristics of make-up culture usually reflects international atmosphere, the form of government, economic situation, re-ligious and social ideology, aesthetic sense, symbolizing meanings of colors, and so on. The up and down of an influentian country was one of the major factors which decided the characteristics of the make-up culture of its neighboring countries. When a country took a liberal form of government, it had diverse and splendid tendencies in its make-up culture. The better a nation's economic situation is, the more abandant and various its make-up culture is, and sometimes, the more eccentric and decadents it was. In the field of make-up production, the three countries had their own characteristics. But, as a whole, China was the leading nation who spread the culture and products of make-up to Korea and Japan. Though the Chinese make-up culture and products were usually spread to Japan through Korean, there was some evidence of direct exchanges between China and Japan through its dispatches of Kyun-Tang-Sa(Japanese delegation to the Tang Dynasty). While religion had a positive influence on the development of make-up culture by introducing new methods of make-up, Confucianism exercised strict control over the make-up cul-ture. The currencies in arts and changes of esthetic sense introduced new methods and booms to the make-up culture. Literature made people pay increasing attentions to the countenances of women and changed the standards of esthetic sense. We can find out that the social status of woman was also reflected in the make-up culture. As the social status of women became higher, the feminine make-up culture also developed more then ever. As mentioned above, the make-up cultures of the three countries reflected their social values, esthetic senses, and emotional feelings. Through their cultural exchanges, the three countries could develop various make-up products and methods.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.78-94
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to research the actual conditions of industrial accident patients and to produce worker satisfaction and a rational and effective counter measure pain. Direct interviews with 179 cases (in and out patients) were carried out during a three month period from April to July 1990, at six hospitals two general hospitals Sun Lin and Sung Mo in Po Hang, and four general hospitals in Taegu Kyung Pook University Hospital, Dong San Medical Center, Young Nam Medical Center and Catholic Hospital. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Among the 179 cases, 51.6 % were male and 48.4 % were female. The two largest age groups were 30~39, 31.8 % and 20~29, 27.4 %. Among the 179 cases, 51.6% were married, the largest family number was 2 to 3, 41.1% and 4 to 5, 25.6%. Educationally, graduation from high school was the largest group, 46.4% among the patients, followed by middle school and primary school. The largest group income level was from 40~69만원, 45.2%. The largest group of patients who worked over 50 hrs. a week was 52.0%. The largest group of patients who worked less than 1 year was 44.7%, of the patients in work places of less than 100 people, 60.3% were injured and in work places of 100~299 people, 20.1% were injured. In manufacturing, the lagest group injured was 55.3%, the next group was transport, stroage, communication. The largest group of production workers injured was 40.2%. 2. The cause of injury in the largest group was facility problems, 33.5%. The next group was unsafe habits, 30.2% a lack of safety knowledge, 17.9% and insufficient supervision, 12.3%. The 30~39 year age group was head the highest number of injuries, 40.4% work places with more than 10 yeras of work, 44.4% work palces with more than 1000 people, 56.3% and mining accidents, 80.0%. Among these groups the highest cause of injury was due to facility problems. 3. The accident pattern showed machinery injuries 28.5% as the largest group, followed by falls & falling objects 17.3%, fire & electric 15.1%, struke by an object 14.5%, followed by overaction and vehicular accidents. The accident pattern showed 46.4 % among workers over the 50 year age group, workers in the 5~10 year group, 50.0 % places employing more than 1000 workers, 35.3 % : construction 73.7%, and construction workers 57.1%, among these fall & falling objects caused the greatest number of injuries. 4. The largest group of injuries was fractures 54.8%, trauma 14.5%, amputation 11.7%, open wound, and burns. The largest number of fractures occurred in people in the 30~39 year age group, 63.2 % over 10 years of work, 55.6% in work places of 300~400 people, 63.6% construction 63.2% and general workers 57.2 %. 5. The largest group of injuries was upper extremity 45.3%, lower extremity 24.0%, trunk 18.5 % and head or neck 12.2%. Of these groups, upper extremity injuries were the highest in those less 20 years old 75.0%, less than 1 years of work 59.5%, in work places of 500~999 people 60.0%, manufacturing 56.6 % and production workers 55.6%. 6. Periods of injury showed 34 people injured in September, to be the largest followed by October, 32 August, 22 people July, 19 people and the lowest December, 2 people. During the week, Friday had the largest group injured, 35 people followed by Saturday, 26 people and the lowest was Wednesday, 17 people, During the day 1400 hours had the largest group injured, 38 people followed by 800 hours, 31 people. 7. On a basis of 5 as the highest mark, the average, according to worker satisfaction showed facility safety 3.55, work environment 3.47, income 3.44, job 3.21 and treatment 2.98. 8. The correlation between general characteristics and injury showed that age was directly correlated to the duration of work(r=.2591) p<0.01, age was directly correlated to industry (r=2311) p<0.01, and the duration was directly correlated to occupation(r =.4372) p<0.001.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.529-534
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• 2010

수박($Citrullus$ $lanatus$ L.)의 시듦증은 생리장해라고 알려져 있다. 품질 및 수량을 저하시키고 큰 경제적 손실을 가져오는 이 증상은 주로 한국의 수박 주산지인 의령이나 함안 지역에서 기온이 높아지는 3월 중순 이후부터 시작하며 해에 따라 발생 양상이 차이가 있다. 수박 생리장해에 대한 많은 연구가 수행되고 있으나 시듦증의 발생 기작에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구는 시듦증 발생 기작을 해명하기 위하여 강제환기 처리를 하였으며 경남 의령군 용덕면에서 2009년 1월-5월까지 수행하였다. 관행처리에 비해 강제환기 처리는 시설내 기온, 엽온 및 근권부의 온도를 각각 약 4.5, 5, $3^{\circ}C$정도 낮게 유지시켰고 포차도 낮게 유지시켰다. 전 생육기간 동안 관행 및 강제환기 처리 모두에서 과실 생육속도가 최대를 보이는 시기가 두 차례 관찰되었고 관행에서 그 속도와 시기가 더 빠른 것으로 관찰되었고, 첫 번째 최대기는 착과 후 12일에(350g/일), 그 두 번째는 착과 후 24일에(350g/일) 관찰되었다. 시듦증은 착과 후 22일에 관행처리 에서만 발생하기 시작하였다. 강제환기 처리에서 과실 생육최대기는 관행처리에서 보다 4일 늦게 관찰되었다(350g/일). 동시에 식물체 생육속도도 강제환기가 관행처리 보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 강제환기가 전 생육기간 동안 엽온 및 포차를 낮게 유지함으로써 식물체 및 과실의 생육속도를 조절했다는 것을 보여준다. 따라서 강제환기가 건전한 생육을 유도하고 식물체의 증산을 조절함으로써 엽과 과실간 수분경합을 줄여 시듦증을 방지시킨다는 가설을 제시한다. 금후 직접적이고 정밀한 실험을 통해 강제환기효과에 대한 식물체내의 수분균형의 연구가 기대 된다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.311-329
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• 1986

The experimental exposure of animals to sources of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) which emit their energy primarily in the UVB region (280-320nm) is known to result in a number of well-described changes in the recipient's immune competence. Two such changes include a depressed capacity to effectively respond immunologically to transplants of syngeneic UVR tumors and a markedly reduced responsiveness to known inducers of delayedtype (DTH) and contact hypersensitivity (CH) reactions. The results of experiments that were designed to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for UVR-induced immunomodulation have implicated: 1) an altered pattern of lymphocyte recirculation, 2) suppressor T cells(Ts), 3) deviations in systemic antigen presenting cell (APC) potential. 4) changes in the production of interleukin-1-like molecules, and 5) the functional inactivation of epidermal Langerhans cells in this process. The exposure of skin to UVR, therefore, causes a number of both local and systemic alterations to the normal host immune system. In spite of this seeming complexity and diversity of responses, our recent studies have established that each of the UVR-mediated changes is probably of equal importance to creating the UVR-induced immunocompromised state. Normal animals were exposed to low dose UVR radiation on their dorsal surfaces under conditions where a $3.0\;cm^2$ area of skin was physically protected from the light energy. Contact sensitization of these animals with DNFB, to either the irradiated or protected back skin, resulted in markedly reduced CH responses. This was observed in spite of a normal responsiveness following the skin sensitization to ventral surfaces of the UVR-exposed animals. Systemic treatment of the low dose UVR recipients with the drug indomethacin (1-3 micrograms/day) during the UVR exposures resulted in a complete reversal of the depressions observed following DNFB sensitization to "protected" dorsal skin while the altered responsiveness found in the group exposed to the skin reactive chemical through directly UVR-exposed sites was maintained. These studies implicate the importance of EC as effective APC in the skin and also suggest that some of the systemic influences caused by UVR exposure involve the production of prostaglandins. This concept was further supported by finding that indomethacin treatment was also capable of totally reversing the systemic depressions in CH responsiveness caused by high dose UVR exposure (30K joules/$m^2$) of mice. Attempts to analyze the cellular mechanisms responsible established that the spleens of all animals which demonstrated altered CH responses, regardless of whether sensitization was through a normal or an irradiated skin site, contained suppressor cells. Interestingly, we also found normal levels of T effector cells in the peripheral lymph nodes of the UVR-exposed mice that were contact sensitized through normal skin. No effector cells were found when skin sensitization took place through irradiated skin sites. In spite of such an apparent paradox, insight into the probable mechanisms responsible for these observations was provided by establishing that UVR exposure of skin results in a striking and dose-dependent blockade of the efferent lymphatic vessels in all peripheral lymph nodes. Therefore, the afferent phases of immune responses can apparently take place normally in UVR exposed animals when antigen is applied to normal skin. The final effector responses, however, appear to be inhibited in the UVR-exposed animals by an apparent block of effector cell mobility. This contrasts with findings in the normal animals. Following contact sensitization, normal animals were also found to simultaneously contain both antigen specific suppressor T cells and lymph node effector cells. However, these normal animals were fully capable of mobilizing their effector cells into the systemic circulation, thereby allowing a localization of these cells to peripheral sites of antigen challenge. Our results suggest that UVR is probably not a significant inducer of suppressor T-cell activity to topically applied antigens. Rather, UVR exposure appears to modify the normal relationship which exists between effector and regulatory immune responses in vivo. It does so by either causing a direct reduction in the skin's APC function, a situation which results in an absence of effector cell generation to antigens applied to UVR-exposed skin sites, inhibiting the capacity of effector cells to gain access to skin sites of antigen challenge or by sequestering the lymphocytes with effector cell potential into the draining peripheral lymph nodes. Each of these situations result in a similar effect on the UVR-exposed host, that being a reduced capacity to elicit a CH response. We hypothesize that altered DTH responses, altered alloresponses, and altered graft-versus-host responses, all of which have been observed in UVR exposed animals, may result from similar mechanisms.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1983

낙엽(落葉)퇴적물의 종류(種類)가 겉뿌린 초종(草種)의 발아(發芽), 정착(定着), 목초율(牧草率) 및 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)코저 리기다 소나무, 굴참나무, 물오리나무 및 일본잎갈나무의 낙엽(落葉)을 공시(供試)하여 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Petri dish 내(內)에서의 발아율(發芽率)은 낙엽종류(落葉種類) 및 초종(草種)에 따라 영향을 받았고, 특히 소나무 낙엽(落葉)침출액은 ladino clover와 timothy 같은 소립종(小粒種)의 발아(發芽)를 억제하였다. 2. Pot내(內)에서의 정착율(定着率)은 ladino clover와 timothy가 소나무 침출액(浸出液)에 의해 약간 감소되었을 뿐 기타 초종간(草種間)에는 상대적으로 감소 경향은 없었다. 3. 소립종(小粒種)인 ladino clover와 timothy 및 무거운 red clover는 낙엽간극내(落葉間隙內)에 종자(種子)가 쉽게 침투되어 정착율(定着率)이 높았다. 4. 일본잎갈나무의 퇴적층에서 모든 초종(草種)의 정착율(定着率)은 심하게 감소되었는데 이것은 수분(水分) 보존력(保存力)이 낮기 때문인 것으로 본다. 5. 초장(草長) 및 근장(根長)은 낙엽종류(落葉種類) 및 초종(草種)에 따라 차이(差異)가 있었다. 6. 굴참나무 수림내(樹林內)에서 겉뿌림 목초(牧草)의 정착율(定着率)은 지표처리(地表處理)에 따라 화입(火入) 36%, 제경(蹄瓊) 46%, 갈퀴 37%, 및 무처리(無處理) 31%였다. 7. 목초율(牧草率)은 지표처리(地表處理)에 따라서 화입(火入) 57.8%, 제경(蹄耕) 70.9%, 갈퀴 59.6% 및 무처리(無處理) 54.0%였다. 8. 지표처리(地表處理)로써 제경(蹄耕)은 겉뿌림시(時) 기존식생(植生)을 억압할 뿐 아니라 토양(土壤)과 종자(種子)가 잘 밀착(密着)할 수 있어 효과가 컸다. 9. 건물수량(乾物收量)은 제경처리(蹄耕處理)가 가장 높았으나(P<0.05) 다른 처리간(處理間)의 수량(收量) 차이(差異)는 크기 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때 경사산지(傾斜山地) 및 임간지내(林間地內)에서의 겉뿌림 초지조성(草地造成)은 낙엽(落葉)퇴적물 위에 직접 겉뿌림하는 조성방법(造成方法)도 중요(重要)한 의미(意味)를 내포한다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2003

최근에는 차집관거의 확충, 생활하수의 유입량 증가 및 인근 신규 APT의 분뇨 직유입으로 인해 유입 총고형 물량이 증가됨에 따라 기존 소화조의 용량이 부족할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 본 연구는 기존 소화조 용량부족에 따른 효율감소에 대응하기 위해 미생물제재로써 Bio-dh를 이용하여 소화조내 소화효율 증가(유기물 분해속도 증가)에 따른 최종슬러지 발생량을 감소시키고 가스발생량을 증가시키는데 그 목적이 있다. 실제 하수슬러지를 처리하고 있는 소화조 장치와 동일한 2단혐기성소화조 형태로 설치하였으며, 용량이 $1.3m^3$인 혼합조에 하수슬러지와 미생물제재인 Bio-dh를 주입하였다. 소화방식은 중온성 2단혐기성소화조로서 $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$를 유지하였고, 1단소화조는 반응조내 미생물과 기질의 원활한 혼합을 위하여 교반기를 부착하였으며, 교반기는 120rpm으로 운전하여 반응조내 완전혼합이 이루어지도록 운전하였다. 2단소화조에서는 소화슬러지와 상등수가 분리되도록 교반을 수행하지 않았다. 소화가스량 측정을 위하여 각 소화조 상부에 가스메타를 설치하였으며, 가스분석을 위하여 상부에 가스포집구를 설치하였다. 교반기 축사이로 발생할 수 있는 발생가스의 누출과 공기의 유입을 막기 위해 water sealing 장치를 교반기 축에 부착시켰다. 실험결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 미생물제재를 투입하지 않은 경우 소화효율은 평균 48.6%(46.0~50.9%)로 나타난 반면, 미생물제재인 Bio-dh를 투입한 경우 소화효율은 평균 54.2%(52.8~57.3%)로 나타나 미생물제재를 투입한 경우가 미생물제재를 투입하지 않은 경우보다 소화효율이 약 1.12배 정도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 2. 2차소화조 월류수의 수질은 미생물제재 미투입시 $COD_{Mn}$은 평균 1,639mg/L, SS는 평균 4,888mg/L로 나타난 반면, 미생물제재(Bio-dh) 투입시 $COD_{Mn}$은 평균 859mg/L, SS는 평균 2,405mg/L로 나타나 미생물제재 투입시 $COD_{Mn}$은 약 47.6%, SS는 약 50.8% 정도 더 낮게 나타났다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.475-483
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• 1994

연구배경 : N-acetylcysteine(ACE)은 임상에서는 객담용해제로 널리 쓰이고 있으나 시험관내 실험 또는 동물실험에서 ACE는 염증세포에서의 산소유리기를 감소시키고, 세포내 강력한 항산화기능을 갖고있는 glutathione(GSH)의 합성을 촉진한다고 알려졌다. 저자들은 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자에게 통상 투여용량인 매일 600mg씩 1주일간 ACE를 투여했을때 말초혈액내 호중구의 superoxide 분비, chemotaxis 등의 기능에 변화가 오는지 또는 혈장의 GSH 농도가 증가되는지를 살펴보고 동시에 시험관내 실험으로 정상인의 호중구에 ACE를 가했을때 ACE의 농도에 따라 superoxide나 GSH의 양에 변화가 오는지를 관찰하였다. 방법 : ACE 투여 전, 후에 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자의 말초혈액에서 호중구를 분리하여 PMA로 자극하거나 안했을때의 superoxide 분비를 분광광도계로, luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence를 luminometer로, 혈장의 GSH 농도를 분광광도계로 각각 측정하였다. 한편 정상인의 호중구를 분리하여 $10^{-2}-10^{-5}$ mole의 ACE와 혼합배양시의 superoxide, chemiluminescence 및 GSH를 각각 같은 방법으로 측정하였다. 결과 : ACE를 투여하기 전, 후의 말초혈액내 호중구의 superoxide 분비는 $1.97{\pm}1.75nM/1.4{\times}10^6\;cells/15min$, $2.75{\pm}2.14nM$이었고 PMA로 자극하였을때는 $67.52{\pm}13.41nM$, $67.99{\pm}13.54\;nM$로서 각각 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 호중구의 chemiluminescence도 ACE 투여전, 후에 $2.64{\pm}2.29mV$, $2.91{\pm}3.58mV$이었고 PMA로 자극하였을때는 $40.76{\pm}30.09mV$, $37.33{\pm}30.03mV$로서 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 호중구의 chemotaxis를 chemotactic index로 비교하였을때 ACE투여전, 후에 $55.71{\pm}16.34$, $59.68{\pm}11.57$이었고 혈장의 GSH는 $0.37{\pm}0.17nM/4{\times}10^5cells$, $0.39{\pm}0.18nM$로서 역시 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 정상인의 호중구를 분리하여 $10^{-5}-10^{-2}$ mole의 ACE와 동시배양하며 PMA로 자극하였을때 superoxide는 ACE를 가하지 않은 대조군에서의 $56.54nM/1.4{\times}10^6\;cells/15min$에 비해 ACE의 $10^{-2}$ mole에서 37.0nM로서 유의하게 감소하였고 ACE의 농도에 따라 감소하는 양상을 보였다(r=-0.269, p<0.05). 호중구의 GSH 농도는 대조군의 $0.27nM/4{\times}10^5\;cells$에 비하여 ACE의 $10^{-3}$ mole에서 0.35nM, $10^{-2}$ mole 에서 1.15 nM로서 유의하게 증가하여 ACE의 농도에 따라 증가하였다(r=0.72, p<0.01). 결론 : ACE를 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자에게 매일 600mg씩 1주일간 투여하였을때 말초혈액내 호중구의 superoxide 분비, chemotaxis에 영향을 주지 않았고 혈장의 glutathione 농도에도 변화가 없었다. 그러나 정상인의 호중구를 분리하여 ACE와 같이 배양한 실험에서 ACE는 농도에 비례하여 호중구의 superoxide 분비를 억제하였고 GSH를 증가시켰다. 이상으로 미루어 ACE는 염증세포에서의 superoxide 분비를 억제하고 GSH를 증가시킴으로서 oxidant-antioxidant 간의 불균형으로 야기되는 ARDS, 폐기종, 간질성폐질환등의 치료에 이용될수 있을것으로 생각되나 폐기종을 포함한 만성폐쇄성폐질환의 치료에 이용되기 위해서는 ACE의 혈중농도 또는 폐포세척액내의 농도를 충분히 증가시키는 방법이 강구되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2001

연구배경 : IL-8은 강력한 화학주성인자로서 결핵감염 부위로 염증세포들을 동원함으로서 결핵균에 대한 숙주의 방어기전에 있어서 중요한 역할을 한다. IL-8의 유전자의 발현에 있어서 NF-${\kappa}B$가 중요한 역할을 한다. 저자들은 결핵 감염시 폐상피세포가 NF-${\kappa}B$ 의존성으로 IL-8을 분비하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 말초혈액단핵구에 결핵균을 감염시키고 24시간 배양 후 배양상층액(CoMTB)을 얻었다. 결핵균, CoMTB로 자극한 A549 세포주의 IL-8 분비 정도를 ELISA 방법으로 측정하였다. CoMTB로 자극한 A549 세포주의 IL-8 mRNA 의 발현 정도를 RT-PCR로, $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$의 분해를 western blot 분석으로, NF-${\kappa}B$의 핵이동과 DNA 결합은 electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA)를 이용하여, 그리고 NF-${\kappa}B$ 의존성 IL-8 유전자의 전사활성은 luciferase reporter gene assay를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결 과 : A549 세포주를 CoMTB로 24시간 자극하여 얻은 배양액의 IL-8 농도는 $46.8{\pm}4.8\;ng/ml$로 분비하여 결핵균으로 직접 자극하였을 때의 $6.8{\pm}2.9\;ng/ml$보다 높았다. CoMTB로 A549 세포주를 자극하였을 때 IL-8 mRNA의 발현이 증가하였고, $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$의 분해가 일어났으며, NF-${\kappa}B$의 핵이동과 DNA 결합이 일어났으며, NF-${\kappa}B$ 의존성 IL-8 유전자의 전사활성이 증가하였다. 결 론 : 결핵병변에서 폐상피세포는 결핵균을 탐식한 단핵식 세포와의 상호작용에 의해 NF-${\kappa}B$ 의존성으로 IL-8을 분비한다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.252-252
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• 2017

Nowadays water shortage is becoming one of the biggest problems in the Korea. Many different methods are developed for conservation of water. Soil water management has become the most indispensable factor for augmenting the crop productivity especially on soybean (Glycine max L.) because of their high susceptibility to both water stress and water logging at various growth stages. The farmers have been using irrigation techniques through manual control which farmers irrigate lands at regular intervals. Automatic irrigation systems are convenient, especially for those who need to travel. If automatic irrigation systems are installed and programmed properly, they can even save you money and help in water conservation. Automatic irrigation systems can be programmed to provide automatic irrigation to the plants which helps in saving money and water and to discharge more precise amounts of water in a targeted area, which promotes water conservation. The objective of this study was to determine the possible effect of automatic irrigation systems based on soil moisture on soybean growth. This experiment was conducted on an upland field with sandy loam soils in Department of Southern Area Crop, NICS, RDA. The study had three different irrigation methods; sprinkle irrigation (SI), surface drip irrigation (SDI) and fountain irrigation (FI). SI was installed at spacing of $7{\times}7m$ and $1.8m^3/hr$ as square for per irrigation plot, a lateral pipe of SDI was laid down to 1.2 m row spacing with $2.3L\;h^{-1}$ discharge rate, the distance between laterals was 20 cm spacing between drippers and FI was laid down in 3m interval as square for per irrigation plot. Soybean (Daewon) cultivar was sown in the June $20^{th}$, 2016, planted in 2 rows of apart in 1.2 m wide rows and distance between hills was 20 cm. All agronomic practices were done as the recommended cultivation. This automatic irrigation system had valves to turn irrigation on/off easily by automated controller, solenoids and moisture sensor which were set the reference level as available soil moisture levels of 30% at 10cm depth. The efficiency of applied irrigation was obtained by dividing the total water stored in the effective root zone to the applied irrigation water. Results showed that seasonal applied irrigation water amounts were $60.4ton\;10a^{-1}$ (SI), $47.3ton\;10a^{-1}$ (SDI) and $92.6 ton\;10a^{-1}$ (FI), respectively. The most significant advantage of SDI system was that water was supplied near the root zone of plants drip by drip. This system saved a large quantity of water by 27.5% and 95.6% compared to SI, FI system. The average soybean yield was significantly affected by different irrigation methods. The soybean yield by different irrigation methods were $309.7kg\;10a^{-1}$ from SDI $282.2kg\;10a^{-1}$ from SI, $289.4kg\;10a^{-1}$ from FI, and $206.3kg\;10a^{-1}$ from control, respectively. SDI resulted in increase of soybean yield by 50.1%, 7.0% 9.8% compared to non-irrigation (control), FI and SI, respectively. Therefore, the automatic irrigation system supplied water only when the soil moisture in the soil went below the reference. Due to the direct transfer of water to the roots water conservation took place and also helped to maintain the moisture to soil ratio at the root zone constant. Thus the system is efficient and compatible to changing environment. The automatic irrigation system provides with several benefits and can operate with less manpower. In conclusion, improving automatic irrigation system can contribute greatly to reducing production costs of crops and making the industry more competitive and sustainable.