• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2006

Since the direct normal radiation and clear day are a main factor for designing any solar thermal and photovoltaic concentrating system, it is necessary to evaluate its characteristics all over the country. The work presented here are the investigation of direct normal radiation and clear day in Korea. The data utilized in the investigation consist of direct normal radiation collected for 14 years('90. 12${\sim}$2004. 12) and clear-day collected for 23 years($1982{\sim}2004$) at measuring stations across the country. The analysis shows that the annual-average daily direct normal radiation is 5.4 kWh/m2 and the annual-average total clear-day is 92.7 days in Korea. We also constructed the contour map of direct normal radiation and clear-day in Korea by interpolating actually measured data across the country.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.06a
• /
• pp.653-657
• /
• 2007

Since the direct normal insolation is a main factor for designing any solar thermal power system, it is necessary to evaluate its characteristics all over the country. We have begun collecting direct normal insolation data since December 1990 at 16 different locations and considerable effort has been made for constructing a standard value from measured data at each station. KIER(Korea Institute of Energy Research's new data will be extensively used by solar thermal concentrating system users or designers as well as by research institutes. From the results, we can conclude that 1) Yearly mean 5.41kWh/$m^2$/day of the direct normal insolation was evaluated for clear day all over 16 areas in Korea. 2) Clear day's direct normal insolation of spring and summer were 5.54kWh/$m^2$/day and 5.86kWh/$m^2$/day, and for fall and winter their values were 5.32kWh/$m^2$/day and 4.92kWh/$m^2$/day respectively. So, spring and summer were higher, and fall and winter were lower than the yearly mean value.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.108-117
• /
• 2010

Although many researches of simulation programs to predict climate under the current climate change have been performed but more detailed studies of weather date which might influence the load of buildings seem insufficient. In this study, in Incheon are analyzed IES (Integrated Environmental Solutions)6.0, Ecotect 2010, EnergyPlus v4.0's IWEC file and ISO-TRY, the Korean standard weather data provided by the Korean Solar Energy Society for direct normal radiation which is used in load calculation programs. The results show that the radiation of the programs is the same as that of direct normal radiation per month but has a mere difference, compared with the radiation per hour and IWEC has also 77.12% when compared with ISO-TRY, meaning that it could affect load values of buildings when applied to them. And in case of ISO-TRY, it could be judged that the application of test reference year applied by the data measured has higher reliability than IWEC file.

• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.55-57
• /
• 2002

Metal-vapor-vacuum-arc ion source is an ideal source for both high current metal ion implanter and high current plasma thin-film deposition systems. It uses the direct evaporation of metal from surface of cathode by vacuum arc to produce a very high flux of ion plasmas. The MEVVA ion source, the high-current metal-ion implanter and high-current magnetic-field-filtered plasma thin-film deposition systems developed in Beijing Normal University are introduced in this paper.

• Solar Energy
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 1993

Since the direct(beam) normal solar radiation is a main factor for designing any focusing solar system, it is necessary to evaluate its characteristics all over the country. We have begun collecting direct normal solar radiation data since December 1990 at 16 different locations and considerable effort has been made for constructing a standard value from measured data at each station. KIER's new data will be extensively used by concentrating system users or designers as well as by research institutes. From the results, we can conclude that 1) $4,400kcal/m^2$. day of the direct(beam) normal solar radiation was evaluated for clear day. 2) Direct normal solar radiation of spring and summer were 6% and 14%, higher than the yearly average value, respectively, and for fall and winter their values were 5% and 15% than the yearly average value, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2009

Since the solar radiation is main input for sizing any solar photovoltaic system and solar thermal power system, it will be necessary to understand and evaluate the insolation data. The Korea Institute of Energy Research(KIER) has begun collecting horizontal global insolation data since May, 1982 and direct normal insolation data since December 1992 at 16 different locations. Because of a poor reliability of existing data, KIER's new data will be extensively used by solar energy system users as well as by research institutes. Among some significant results, the yearly averaged horizontal global insolation was turned out 3.60 kWh/$m^2$/day and the yearly mean 2.62 kWh/$m^2$/day of the direct normal insolation was evaluated for all days.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.413-416
• /
• 2009

Since the solar radiation is main input for sizing any solar photovoltaic system and solar thermal power system, it will be necessary to understand and evaluate the insolation data. The Korea Institute of Energy Research(KIER) has begun collecting horizontal global insolation data since May, 1982 and direct normal insolation data since December 1992 at 16 different locations. Because of a poor reliability of existing data, KIER's new data will be extensively used by solar energy system users as well as by research institutes. Among some significant results, the yearly averaged horizontal global insolation was turned out 3.61 kWh/$m^2$/day and the yearly mean 5.38 kWh/$m^2$/day of the direct normal insolation was evaluated for clear days.

• Journal of KSNVE
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.975-984
• /
• 1997

A direct boundary element method (DBEM) is developed for thin bodies whose surfaces are rigid or compliant. The Helmholtz integral equation and its normal derivative integral equation are adoped simultaneously to calculate the pressure on both sides of the thin body, instead of the jump values across it, to account for the different surface conditions of each side. Unlike the usual assumption, the normal velocity is assumed to be discontinuous across the thin body. In this approach, only the neutral surface of the thin body has to be discretized. The method is validated by comparison with analytic and/or numerical results for acoustic scattering and radiation from several surface conditions of the thin body; the surfaces are rigid when stationary or vibrating, and part of the interior surface is lined with a sound-absoring material.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.73-83
• /
• 2001

Since the solar radiation is the main input for sizing any solar system, it will be necessary to understand and evaluate the insolation data. The horizontal global insolation data have been measured since May, 1982 and direct normal solar insolation data since December 1990 at 16 different sites all over the country and considerable effort has been made for constructing a standard value from measured data at each station. In the results, the average global total solar radiation of the nation is $3,055kcal/m^2.day(12.79MJ/m^2.day)$ and the average clear day direct normal solar beam radiation was $4,600kcal/m^2.day(19.26MJ/m^2.day)$, which indicates possible solar energy application of medium and high temperature technologies with high concentration.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.153-156
• /
• 2006

The domestic solar radial ion data have been measured at 16 different sites all over the country since the beginning of 1980. It is very important that the fundamental data for the estimation and assessment of local solar radiation can be secured this project. In order to estimate available energy resource from solar radiation, it is necessary to have enough data, more than 30 years In any country. However since we have collected solar radiation(global radial ion including direct normal radiation) data only for 10 years we still need to measure insolation to secure the reliability and standardization of measured local solar radial ion data. In brief, the major activities on this R&D include rout me maintenance of the national network for insolation data measurement, evaluation of the collected data, and reliability enhancement for assessing the quality of solar radiation data as well.