• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 2003

Transgenic mice containing Diphtheria Toxin-A (DT-A) gene fused to proximal lck promoter sequences was used for analysis of DT-A gene expression and thymocyte development. The diphtheria toxin gene was expressed in thymus, spleen and liver of transgenic mice confirmed by RT-PCR and Northern blotting. A FACS analysis with thymocyte cell surface antigens antibodies (CD4 and CD8) showed that the number of peripheral mature single positive thymocytes ($CD4^{+}\;and\;CD8^{+}$ cells) T-cells was severely reduced in transgenic mice compared to that in the non-transgenic littermates. A relative portion of $CD8^{+}$ single positive thymocytes was about 33.2% in transgenic peripheral T-cells while 50.6% in wild type. Reduction of $CD4^{+}$ cell numbers in transgenic mice was observed (5.9% in transgenic versus 10.3% in non-transgenic). The data from analysis of these transgenic mice indicate that the proximal lck promoter regulated the expression of DT-A gene at high level in developing thymocytes and the DT-A disrupted developing thymocytes in transgenic mice.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.248-254
• /
• 1999

Adverse reactions after injection of diphtheria vaccine are induced by impurities present in crude toxoids that cannot be removed completely by purification of toxoids after formalization. To increase toxoid purity, toxin purification was tried before formalization. Crude toxin was purified with ultrafiltration and ion-exchange chromatography. Purified toxin purity was improved 2.9 times higher than crude toxin, and purity was 2,560 Lf/mg PN. Purified toxin was detoxified with formalin and lysine, and potency test were performed. Toxoid, prepared from toxin treated with formalin and lysine, did not show reversion to toxin and purity was higher than the toxoid purified after formalization. Therefore, we concluded that the use of toxoid vaccine prepared from toxin purified is a useful method of minimize adverse reaction after injection of diphtheria vaccine.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.338-343
• /
• 2003

Various factors, such as the adsorption pH, adjuvant dose, and adjuvant age, which affect the adsorption degree and immunogenicity of an antigen, were investigated. In addition, the effect of pH, antigen content, and adjuvant content on immunogenicity was also studied through animal experiments. Within the ranges studied, a low pH for adsorption, freshly preformed gel, and low pH formulation for the combined DTwP-HepB vaccine were preferrable for the adsorption of the antigens. In addition, a higher DT content was found to have a positive effect on the HBsAg immunogenicity in the combined vaccine. Accordingly, considering the factors affecting the adsorption rate and immunogenicity of the antigens, a novel DTwP-HepB vaccine (40 Lf/ml of diphtheria toxoid, 15 Lf/ml of tetanus toxoid, 20 OU/ml of detoxified whole cell pertussis, $24\;\mu\textrm{g}$ of HBsAg, $24\;\mu\textrm{g}\;Al/ml\;of \;Al(OH)_3\;gel,\;776\;\mu\textrm{g}\; Al/ml\;of\;AIPO_4\;gel$, and pH 7.1) was developed, whose immunogenicity was comparable to the case of administrating, separately and simultaneously, a combined DTwP vaccine (40 Lf/ml of diphtheria toxoid, 15 Lf/ml of tetanus toxoid, 20 OU/ml of detoxified whole cell pertussis, $300\;\mu\textrm{g}\;Al/ml\;of\; AIPO_4\;gel$, and pH 7.1) and mono HepB vaccine [$Hepavax^{\circledR},\;24\;\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ of HBsAg and $500\;\mu\textrm{g}\;Al/ml\;of\;Al(OH)_3\;gel$], which satisfies the potency criteria of the K-FDA for a combined DTwP vaccine and mono HepB vaccine.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.64 no.12
• /
• pp.602-607
• /
• 2021

In April 2020, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety licensed a hexavalent combined diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP), inactivated poliovirus (IPV), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugated to tetanus protein, and hepatitis B (HepB) (recombinant DNA) vaccine, DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB (Hexaxim, Sanofi Pasteur), for use as a 3-dose primary series in infants aged 2, 4, and 6 months. The DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB vaccine is highly immunogenic and safe and provides a long-term immune response based on studies performed in a variety of settings in many countries, including Korea. This report summarizes the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society guidelines for the use of this newly introduced hexavalent combination vaccine.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.473-475
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to restore the fertility by suppression of male sterility-induced gene using an antisense construct. Tobacco (cv. Petit Havana SR1) was transformed with the binary vector containing a GBAN215-6 promoter, an antisense diphtheria toxin (DTx-A) gene (pKDA215b) and a hygromycin resistant gene. Seventy-six confirmed transgenic plants regenerated from leaf disks were designated as the $R_0$ generation and selfed to produce the $R_1$ generation. From the inheritance study, five $R_1$ lines with multiple copies of the antisense construct were selected and selfed to identify homozygosity for the antisense construct. In order to restore fertility and finally to select restore lines, five $R_2$ lines with multiple copies of the antisense construct were crossed with male sterile plants. From these crosses, three different phenotypes have been observed: completely restored, partially restored, and not restored pollens, and otherwise tobacco plants were phenotypically same as normal plants. These plants were scored for the degree of restoration and selected for further study.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.04a
• /
• pp.200-200
• /
• 2005

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1995.10a
• /
• pp.135-136
• /
• 1995

• The Korean Nurse
• /
• v.13 no.3 s.71
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 1974

Although many communicable diseases have been treated successfully since the advent of the antibiotic era and explosive epidemics have become less frequent in Korea as a result of continuous efforts to prevent the communicable diseases, the incidence of s

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.148-148
• /
• 2004

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.232-239
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the antigenic potency and stability of tetanus and diphtheria (Td) vaccines when combined with aluminum phosphate (AlPO₄) and liposome adjuvants. Materials and Methods: In vitro and in vivo analyses were conducted using the single radial immunodiffusion method and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Td vaccines were prepared with AlPO₄ adsorption and liposome-mediated delivery, and protein antigens were characterized using these methods. Results: The results revealed that the liposome-mediated Td vaccines exhibited higher immunogenicity compared to the AlPO₄-adsorbed Td vaccines. Additionally, the liposome-mediated Td vaccines demonstrated higher stability as native antigens. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of utilizing liposome adjuvants in vaccine development. The liposome-mediated Td vaccines showed enhanced immunogenicity and stability, making them a promising approach for improving vaccine efficacy. Understanding and optimizing adjuvant strategies can contribute to the development of effective vaccines against various diseases.