• Title/Summary/Keyword: Dilution test

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Geometric Sensitivity Index for the GNSS Using Inner Products of Line of Sight Vectors

  • Won, Dae Hee;Ahn, Jongsun;Sung, Sangkyung;Lee, Chulsoo;Bu, Sungchun;Jang, Jeagyu;Lee, Young Jae
    • International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.437-444
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    • 2015
  • Satellite selection and exclusion techniques have been applied to the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) with the aim of achieving a balance between navigational performance and computational efficiency. Conventional approaches to satellite selection based on the best dilution of precision (DOP) are excessively computational and complicated. This paper proposes a new method that applies a geometric sensitivity index of individual GNSS satellites. The sensitivity index is derived using the inner product of the line of sight (LOS) vector of each satellite. First, the LOS vector is computed, which accounts for the geometry between the satellite and user positions. Second, the inner product of each pair of LOS vectors is calculated, which indicates the proximities of the satellites to one another. The proximity can be determined according to the sensitivity of each satellite. A post-processing test was conducted to verify the reliability of the proposed method. The proposed index and the results of a conventional approach that measures the dilution of precision (DOP) were compared. The test results demonstrate that the proposed index produces results that are within 96% of those of the conventional approach and reduces the computational burden. This index can be utilized to estimate the sensitivity of individual satellites, obtaining a navigation solution. Therefore, the proposed index applies to satellite selection and exclusion as well as to the sensitivity analyses of multiple GNSS applications.

Antifungal Effects of Cinamon Ramulus, Pulsatillae Radix, Dictamni Radicis Cortex, Paeoniae Radix, Arecae Semen, Artemisiae Capillaries Herba against Candida albicans (Candida albicans에 대한 계지(桂枝), 백두옹(白頭翁), 백선피(白鮮皮), 백작약(白芍藥), 빈낭, 인진(茵蔯)의 항진균효과)

  • Choi, In-Ho;Kim, Yeon-Hee;Lee, Dong-Nyung;Kim, Hyung-Jun
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.690-695
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this thesis is to dedicate to get the objectivity of herbal medicine treatments by choosing herbs likely to work as antifungal agents against Candida albicans which is the causes of Candida vaginitis, making experiments on them and getting the significant results. Each herb's efficacy on control the number of Candida vaginitis is noticed by using Disk Susceptibility test with six herbs medicine and Broth dilution assay of the culture. Cinamon Ramulus, Pulsatillae Radix, Dictamni Radicis Cortex, Paeoniae Radix, Arecae Semen, Artemisiae Capillaries Herba extracts experimented on the efficiency of antifungal activities against Candida albicans by disk susceptibility test. Pulsatillae Radix has the strongest efficiency. In Dictamni Radicis Cortex never appeared antifungal effect on treatment. MIC (minimal inhibition concentration) in vitro antifungal agents of Cinamon Ramulus, Pulsatillae Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Artemisiae Capillaries Herba extracts against Candida albicans was determined by broth dilution assay. MIC against Candida albicans is that Pulsatillae Radix is 2.5 mg/ml and Cinamon Ramulus is 5 mg/ml and Paeoniae Radix is 10 mg/ml and Artemisiae Capillaries Herba is 40 mg/ml.

Drug susceptibility of bacteria and M pachydermatis isolated from canine external ear canals (개 외이도에서 분리한 세균 및 M pachydermatis의 약제감수성에 대하여)

  • Kim, Ki-hyang;Choi, Won-phil;Yeo, Sang-geon
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.560-565
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    • 1999
  • The present work was conducted to investigate the drug susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from canine external ear canals. Antifungal susceptibility test of M pachydermatis (17 strains) was perfomed by agar dilution method, using 11 antifungal drugs including amphotericin B(A), nystatin(N), pimaricin(P), griseofulvin(G), bifonazole(B), clotrimazole(C), miconazole(M), econazole(E), ketoconazole(K), tolnaftate(T), 5-fluorocytosine(F). All isolates were highly sensitive to K, M, T(geometric mean MIC ; GM $MIC{\leq}0.16{\mu}g/ml$) but they weren't sensitive to P, F and G(GM $MIC{\geq}92.37{\mu}g/ml{\sim}{\geq}128{\mu}g/ml$). Antibacterial susceptibility test against 119 isolates of bacteria was performed by agar dilution method, using 9 antibacterial drugs including erythromycin(ET), chloramphenicol(CP), gentamycin(G), vancomycin(V), ampicillin(AP), amoxacillin(AX), chlortetracycline(CT), ciprofloxacin(CF), enrofloxacin(EF). All isolates of Staphylococcus spp(101 strains) were highly sensitive to EF, CF, G(GM MIC $0.33{\sim}1.47{\mu}g/ml$). In other gram positive cocci(4 strains), they were highly sensitive to EF, CF, V(GM MIC $1{\sim}4.76{\mu}g/ml$) and CT(GM MIC 1 UFL unit/ml). In gram positive rods(13 strains), they were highly sensitive to EF, CF, G(GM $MIC{\leq}0.19{\sim}1{\mu}g/ml$). In Pseudomonas aeruginosa(1 strain), it was highly sensitive to AX, EF, ET, CF(GM MIC $0.06{\sim}1{\mu}g/ml$) and CT(GM MIC 1 UFL unit/ml). All isolates weren't sensitive to AP(GM MIC 16~>$32{\mu}g/ml$).

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Application of Micro-BLISA in Serodiagnosis of Fascioliasis in Cattle (간질증의 효소면역학적 진단)

  • Lee, Jae-Gu;Baek, Byeong-Geol;Lee, Sang-Bok
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.95-101
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    • 1985
  • Fascioliasis in cattle is one of the most common and very serious trematode diseases in Korea. In the present study, the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied in the diagnosis of fascioliasis using antigen of Fasciela hepatica, perokidase of conjugate anti-cattle Is G and orthophenylenediamine as a substrate by micro-method technique of Volley et at. (1976b) and MacLaren (1978) with a slight modification. Results obtained from the present study are as follows. 1. In assay for optimal dilution of stock antigen, the antigen (protein contents; 0. Bmgymz) was diluted from 1150 to 1/600 with carbonate buffer (pH 9.6), and then absorbance values were measured with 1/100 diluted sera. The regression equations between the OD values of ELISA and dilution of antigen were log Y: -0.181-0.00127X in infected sera, and log Y: -0.578-0. 000879X in normal sera. The significantly higher (p<0.05) OD value was observed in the former. 2. In assay for optimal dilution of sera, the sera were diluted from 1125 to 1/400 with in PBSJ Tween 20 (pH 7.4), and absorbance values were measured with 1/200 diluted antigen. The regression equation between the OD values of ELISA and dilution of sera were log Y: -0.1540-0.0007238X in infected sera and log Y: -0.4834-0.00116X in normal sera. The former was higher than the latter (p<0.05). 3. In the 27 cases of negative intradermal test, OD values of the ELISA are $0.447{\pm}0.144$, the 95% confidence interval (Mean+2 H SD) of the values was 0.735, and there was no case over the values. Therefore, the sensitivity of the antigen to diagnose fascioliasis was 100% in the negative case. The OD value 0.7 which is designed as a criterion (detection level of positive one) is useful for the performance of the ELISA in fascioliasis. 4. According to the OD value of criterion in the regression equations, the optimal dilutions of stock antigen and serum were 1/250 and 1/100, respectively. 5. In the 58 cases of fascioliasis from which the adult could be found in the bile ducts, the OD value was $0.846{\pm}0.224$. The 75% (44 cattle) among them had higher value with compared to the criterion, and the 60% (20 cattle) of the cases of proliferative cholangitis of 33 cattle which had been infected previousely with Fasciola sp. is higher than the criterion. 6. Prevalence of fascioliasis was 43.4% in the application of the ELISA to 272 cattle which were reared in Jeonbug district.

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Effects of Solvent-Based Dilution Condition on CNT Dispersion in CNT/Epoxy Composites (용매를 이용한 에폭시 희석 조건이 CNT 에폭시 복합재료 내 CNT 분산도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwon, Dong-Jun;Shin, Pyeong-Su;Kim, Jong-Hyun;Lee, Hyung-Ik;Park, Jong-Kyoo;Park, Joung-Man
    • Composites Research
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.125-131
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    • 2016
  • In case of CNT mixing with epoxy, epoxy matrix needs to be diluted. This work studied the effect of the dilution condition of epoxy on CNT dispersion. The optimum solvent condition using acetone and DMF was found via mechanical and solubility methods which affects, the epoxy performance. The dispersion using acetone was better than the DMF and thus higher mechanical properties. Four mixing types of CNT particle were performed. To verify the effects of each step between dilution and dispersion, the dispersion between epoxy and CNT was evaluated via the electrical resistance and optical methods. The optimum dispersion was obtained via mechanical test and thermal analysis by DSC. Among four types, the best was to disperse CNT after epoxy and hardeners were diluted respectively.

Development of Chemiluminescence Immunoassay(CIA) & ELISA for the Detection of Anti-sperm Antibodies in Male Serum (항정자 항체 검출을 위한 CIA 및 ELISA 개발을 위한 기초 연구)

  • Kim, S.C.;Lee, K.S.;Kim, Y.K.;Kim, C.K.;Choi, K.H.;Kwon, O.J.;Kim, J.B.
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.71-80
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    • 1990
  • New immunoassay systems for the detection of anti-sperm antibodies were developed. For this, sperm surface protein was purified by the immunoaffinity column prepared by the coupling of rabbit anti-human IgG antibodies to Sepharose-4B. Fraction eluted by tris-HCI buffer containing SDS showed a single band having molecular weight of about 60KD on electrophoresis. Enzyme HRP labelled goat anti-human IgG and chemiluminescence aminobutylethyl-isoluminol(ABEI) labelled rabbit anti-human IgG were used for ELISA and CIA, respectively. These two labelled conjugate bound well with human IgG. When serum dilution curves were made to titrate positive serums, two kinds of curves with steep and sluggish slopes were obtained Serum samples were categorized into 3 groups: positive, weak positive and negative based on slope of curve and O.D. values at 1:160 dilution of serum. When ELISA and CIA were compared to conventional method Kibrick test by the determinations of 62 male serums with different diagnosis, the results of ELISA and CIA agreed well, but both disagreed with that of Kibrick test. This study showed that purified sperm surface antigen can be used to develope solid-phase immunoassay systems such as ELISA and CIA which may eliminate the problems encounted the immobilization of living sperm in other tests.

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Wear Characteristics of Submerged-Arc Cladding (서브머지드 아크 클래딩에 의한 표면 피복층의 마모특성)

  • 김권흡;권오양
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.179-186
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    • 2003
  • This paper is to investigate the wear behavior of submerged-arc claddings by the wear test with a ball-on-disk type wear testing machine in air. The specimens were clad with Stoody105 alloy wire on a medium carbon steel (SM45C) substrate by submerged-arc cladding process under different welding parameters. The wear behavior of the cladding through ball-on-disk test has been studied under the wear load from 5 to 16 N and the sliding speed from 8 to 35 cm/s. The weight loss of the specimen was measured. Scanning electron micrographs of the worn surface show a layer of oxide film formed on the worn surface. Oxidation wear mechanism controls the wear process. The spatting of the oxide is caused by the repeated rubbing fatigue mechanism.

In vitro Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oils from Oenanthe javanica DC against Candida and Streptococcus species

  • Shin, Seung-Won
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.325-329
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    • 2004
  • The composition of essential oil from O. javanica was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using the broth dilution method and disk diffusion test, anti-microbial activities of the oil fraction and its main components were evaluated against various antibiotic-susceptible and resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms. As a result of GC-MS analysis, 57 compounds, including ${\alpha}-terpinolene$ (28.1%), dl-limonene (16.0%), ${\gamma}-terpinene$ (10.3%), ${\beta}-pinene$ (9.7%) and ${\alpha}-pinene$ (6.0%) were identified in the essential oil fraction. The essential oil fraction of O. javanica and its main components exhibited significant inhibitory activities, particularly against Candida albicans (antibiotic-susceptible strains) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (antibiotic- susceptible and resistant strains). The main components of the O. javanica oil fraction displayed different patterns of activity against the three tested Candida species as exemplified by the differential minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) values. The disk diffusion test showed that the activities were dose dependent.

Experimental Study of Diluted Engine Oil Characteristics by Diesel Fuel (경유가 혼입된 엔진오일의 특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Kim Han Goo;Park Tae Sik;Kim Chung Kyun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.233-236
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    • 2004
  • An experimental study was conducted to evaluate characteristic variation of diluted engine oil by diesel fuel and its effects on engine components. Especially, engine oil was made to have $15\%$ fuel content. To predict existing diesel fuel content in engine oil after test was used the viscosity calibration curve. About $54\%$ percent of diesel fuel in diluted engine oil was distillated by various paths related to reciprocating motion of piston and the rest diesel fuel plays an important role for decreasing engine oil viscosity. Test results show that lowered engine ell viscosity by diesel fuel dilution become a reason of increasing engine elements wear, Therefore, this caused the quantity of blow-by gas to increase and main gallery pressure to decrease.

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Synergism in Antifungal Activity against Candida and Trichophyton Species in Combination with the Essential Oil of Coriandrum sativum L. and Antibiotics

  • Lim, Sook;Shin, Seung-Won
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.85-89
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    • 2007
  • To determine whether the essential oil from Coriandum sativum and its main component, linalool, exhibit antifungal activity, we employed a broth dilution assay and disk diffusion test using common pathogenic Candida and Trichophyton species. Both coriander oil and linalool significantly inhibited growth of the tested fungi, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of $0.03{\sim}2mg/ml$. Furthermore, in a checkerboard titer test, both the oil fraction and linalool exhibited synergism when combined with ketoconazole, with resultant FICIs ranging from 0.06 to 0.53. Notably, hyphal formation in C. albicans cells was obviously inhibited by C. sativum essential oil in this experiment.