• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.332-337
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• 2003

Oxygen-enriched non-premixed flame characteristics was investigated numerically with variation of dilution methods, which are Flue gas recirculation(FGR) and fuel injection recirculation(FIR). In order to compare flamelets in various oxygen-enrichment conditions reasonably, the adiabatic flame temperature and Damkoller number was held fixed by modulating amount of diluents to fuel and oxidizer stream and by varying global strain rate of flame respectively. Also modified GRI 3.0 reaction mechanism was utilized, which was able to predict oxygen-enriched methane flame correctly. Fundamental flame characteristics such as structure, heat release rate and extinction with FGR and FIR were compared in various oxygen enrichment conditions.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.6-14
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• 1981

Safety, efficacy and reliability are the three basic criteria that define the quality of any well-designed pharmaceutical dosage form. Content uniformity directly bears on each of the three criteria defining the quality of drug product. Effect of manufacturing methods and physicochemical properties of the drug on content uniformity of tablets was investigated. Chlorpheniramine maleate and micronized salicylic acid were used as main ingredients. Three different methods for incorporation of main ingredients with diluents were solvent mixing method, geometric dilution method, and simple mixing method. The solvent mixing method was the best one of the three.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.272-277
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• 1974

분배계수와 용매의 용해도 파라미터 도표상의 추출포물선을 검토하여 질산산성에서 유로퓸을 TBP로 추출할 때 유로퓸착물과 TBP의 활동도 계수간의 관계를 알 수 있었고 이에 따라 TBP의 용해도 파라미터를 결정하는 가능성을 제시하였다. 용매로서는 cyclohexane, 벤젠, 톨루엔, chlorobenzene을 사용하였고 TBP의 농도를 용적백분율로 5에서 50까지 변화시켰다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2000

Cis-Polybutadiene (cis-PBD) and the three polyethylenes (PE's) having different branch content were mixed to investigate crystallinity, thermodynamic interaction parameter(c), and diluents effect. Crys-tallinty of PE's decreased with increasing content of amorphous cis-PBD because of a decrease in both the degree of annealing and kinetics of diffusion of the crystallizable polymer content. The thermodynamic interaction parameter(c) for the three blend systems approximately equals to zero near the melting point. These systems were determined to be miscible on a molecular scale near or above the crystalline melting point of the crystalline PE's. From the measurement of T$\sub$m/ vs. T$\sub$c/ behavior, all the three blends showed a straight line for a plot of T$\sub$m/ vs. T$\sub$c/. This result means that the melting behavior of PE is mainly due to a diluent effect of cis-PBD component.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.74-74
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• 2003

In present study, attempts were made to preserve abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) sperm in liquid form at low temperature, to evaluate the effect of various diluents in short-term storage on sperm, and cryopreservation procedures were optimized for the cryoprotectants as well as freezing rates, in terms of the motility and survival rate, and the ultrastructural changes of sperm after short-term storage and cryopreservation were observed. The abalone sperm reached maximum motility until about 4min after activation. The motility was constant for about 16min, after which it dropped gradually, and about 50min later all motility ceased. Threshold activation of sperm was found in 40% artificial seawater (ASW), and motility increased as the concentration of ASW increased. In Hanks balanced salt solution without calcium (Ca-Free HBSS, 300 and 400 mOsmol/kg) and 10%, 20%, and 30% ASW the sperm was immotile, and motility once again restored incompletely only in HBSS of 300 and 400 mOsmol/kg, 20% and 30% ASW after 100% ASW was added. Sperm motility was extended following 20 days of cold storage only in 70% and 100% ASW. A high motility index of 3.5-4.5 was observed for the first 8 days in 70% and 80% ASW. In other diluents sperm motility was constant less than 10 days, and the motility index was obviously lower than that of sperm in 70% and 100% ASW. After 20 days of cold storage survival rates of 10.2%-20.7% were obtained in ASW and 300 mOsmol/kg HBSS, and that in 400 HBSS (65.3%) was significantly higher than others. The constant period of sperm motility stored in 70% ASW was longer obviously than that in 100% ASW after 6 days of storage, and the time to maximum motility of sperm stored in 70% increased gradually, while the difference in which of sperm in 100% ASW was not significant. The sperm plunged into liquid nitrogen all died except that sperm using 15% glycerol as cryoprotectant restored 10.4% of motility. The highest motility index (3.4) was obtained with 5% glycerol and freezing procedure: $50^{\circ}C$/min from $20^{\circ}C$ to $-80^{\circ}C$.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.271-274
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the survival rate of frozen-thawed spermatozoa in equine by glycerol concentration and freezing speed Two stallions (1 Thoroughbred-13 year old and 1 Arab-7 year old) bred in Korea Racing authority was examined for 1 times in a couple of weeks. Semen was collected by condom method standing heated mare and were centrifuged 650 g for 15 min. and isolated the seminal plasma. Thick fraction of semen was diluted EDTA-Lactose-egg yolk diluents to 1:1 and contained in 0.5 ml straw as $6{\sim}14{\times}10^7\;cells/ml$. Final concentrations of glycerol were 3, 5 and 7% in cryopreseved diluents and added 4 times for 2 hours equilibration. For the freezing, equilibrated straws were located 3 or 5 em above $LN_2$ gas for 5 or 10 min. Survival rates of pre-frozen sperm were $65.0{\pm}13.2%$, $68.3{\pm}10.4%$, $66.7{\pm}11.5%$ and post-frozen were $53.3{\pm}23.1%$, $45.0{\pm}15.0%$, $50.0{\pm}18.0%$ in 3, 5, 7% glycerol concentration, respectively. There was no difference between glycerol concentrations. Survival rates of frozen-thawed sperm on freezing speed were $36.7{\pm}10.4%$, $40.0{\pm}7.1%$, $30.0{\pm}13.2%$ at 3 cm-5 min and $33.3{\pm}11.5%$, $31.7{\pm}2.9%$, $21.7{\pm}10.4%$ at 3 cm-10 min in 3, 5, 7% glycerol concentration, respectively. Survival rates of frozen-thawed sperm on freezing speed were $43.3{\pm}15.3%$, $32.0{\pm}17.9%$, $22.3{\pm}15.7%$ at 5cm-5 min and were $47.5{\pm}15.0%$, $43.3{\pm}12.6%$, $48.3{\pm}15.3%$ at 5cm-10 min in 3, 5, 7% glycerol concentration, respectively. There were significantly different between groups (p<0.05). These results suggest that glycerol concentration did not affect cryopreservation of stallion semen within 3~7% but freezing speed affects. In our experiment, the best cryopreservation condition was at 5 cm above $LN_2$ gas for 10 min for pre-freezing and 7% of glycerol concentration. These results lead to commercial AI with frozen-thawed stallion semen.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.406-413
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• 2016

본 연구는 축산식품으로부터 식중독균 검출을 위한 시료 전처리법을 확립하기 위해 전처리용액, 균질화 시간, 시료와 전처리용액의 비율에 따른 회수율을 비교하였다. 이를 위하여 햄, 발효유, 소고기에 E. coli O157:H7, S. aureus, S. Typhimurium를 7.0 log CFU/g로 접종하고 PW, SS, BPD, BPW로 처리하였다. 또한 균질화 시간은 30, 60, 90, 120, 300초, 시료와 전처리용액 비율은 1:2, 1:4, 1:9, 1:19로 각각 처리하였다. 그 결과 발효유와 소고기에서는 BPW로 처리하였을 때 전반적으로 식중독균의 회수율이 높았으나(p < 0.05), 햄의 경우에는 전처리 용액에 따른 유의적 차이는 없다. 전처리용액의 최적 비율은 햄, 발효유, 소고기가 각각 1:9, 1:2, 1:4였으며(p < 0.05), 균질화 시간은 모든 시료에서 120초로 처리했을 때 유의적으로 가장 높은 회수율이 나타났다(p < 0.05). 따라서 선정된 최적 전처리 조건에서 식중독균 회수율을 수행한 결과 모든 시료 및 균종에서 85%이상의 높은 회수율을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 축산식품으로부터 식중독균 검출을 위한 전처리 용액 및 시료와 전처리용액의 비율은 시료의 종류에 따라 적절한 것으로 사용하는 것이 식중독균 검출의 정확성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단되어진다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2005

살균제와 목초액을 혼용하여 우리나라 골프장의 한국잔디에 가장 문제가 되는 라지패취 병에 대한 방제효과를 검정하였다. 목초액 500, 1000배액 단독처리 시 라지패취병이 발병하는 것으로 보아 목초액 단독 처리는 라지패취 발병을 억제시키지 않았다. 살균제와 목초액 혼용처리 시에 있어서 잔디의 라지패취 병은 목초액을 혼용함으로써 Pencycuron 과 tebuconazol에서 좋은 효과가 나타났으며, 라지패취병 방제에서 Pencycuron과 tebuconazol과 목초액을 혼용 하였을 때 농약을 $50\%$ 감량하는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 목초액 혼용 농도는 500배액이나 1000배 액에서 비슷하게 나타났다 엽폭, 엽장, 건물 중 모두에서 목초액 500, 1000배액 희석처리 구의 잔디가 목초액 무처리구에 비해 증가하는 효과가 있었다. 따라서 잔디에 발생하는 라지패취병 방제시 화학약제와 목초액을 혼용하여 살포하면 농약사용량을 $50\%$ 감량하여도 기준시용 처리구와 효과가 비슷하게 나타나 목초액의 이용가능성이 확인되었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.545-552
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• 1994

This experiment was carried out to investigate the renditions to maintain good post-thaw motility and viability of canine spermatozoa when the semen was frozen using methanol. The semen from two male dogs which had been proven to be fertile in the previous one year was treated with different compositions of semen diluent and was frozen at different freezing temperatures, When canine semen was frozen at-2$0^{\circ}C$, -6$0^{\circ}C$, or -8$0^{\circ}C$, the spermatozoa frozen and stored at -2$0^{\circ}C$ showed very low post-thaw motility and viability from day 2 to 7 and showed no viability since day 15 after freezing. The spermatozoa frozen and stored at -6$0^{\circ}C$ or -8$0^{\circ}C$ showed higher post-thaw motility and viability on day 2, 1, 15 and 30 after freezing than that frozen and stored at-2$0^{\circ}C$(p<0.01), with no difference between two groups. Among different composition groups of the semen diluents of control(tris + egg yolk + glycerol), egg yolk-free, 히ycerol-free, and tris-free, Prior to freezing, the egg yolk-free diluent showed significantly love. motility and viability than the other diluents(p<0.05). On each thawing day (from day 2 to 15 after freezing), control group showed considerably higher motility and viability than the other groups(p<0.01). The canine spermatozoa frozen and stored at -6$0^{\circ}C$ and -8$0^{\circ}C$ showed gradual decrease of motility from day 2 to 30 after freezing and the spermatozoa of these two groups thawed on day 30 showed considerably love. motility than those thawed on day 2 after freezing, respectively(p<0.01). These results indicate that the freezing temperature of either -6$0^{\circ}C$ or -8$0^{\circ}C$ can be applicable to the freezing method using methanol and also all of the components of the semen diluent including cryoprotectant, buffer and cold-shock buffer are very important to maintain motility and viability of canine spermatozoa in the freezing and thawing procedure.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2004

천연 식물류 추출물을 첨가하여 제조한 약주의 영양성분과 항산화 활성을 비교 분석한 결과 수용성 페놀화합물은 천연식물 첨가 약주에서 대조군(5.5 mg/kg)에 비하여 약 1.7배 더 높게 정량 되었으며, 잔존율도 47.4%로 더 높았다. 유리당은 대조군에서는 arabinose와 maltose가 각각 16.2, 15.6 mg/100 g 검출된 반면, 천연식물을 첨가한 약주에서는 lactose가 6.9 mg/100 g으로 가장 높은 함량이었고 maltose는 검출되지 않았다. 무기물의 함량은 인> 칼륨 > 마그네슘 >칼슘 >철분의 순으로 높게 검출되었고, 철분과 나트륨은 숙성 기간의 경과에 따른 함량 차이가 거의 없었다. 아미노산 함량은 숙성 기간의 경과와 더불어 감소하였는데 대조군의 경우 숙성 30일에 총 아미노산 함량이 약 72% 감소한 반면 천연식물을 첨가한 약주의 경우 약 6.8%로 감소 비율이 훨씬 낮았다. 약주를 각기 다른 농도로 희석하여 전자공여능을 측정한 결과 대조군의 경우 희석배수가 증가할수록, 숙성기간이 경과할수록 전자공여능이 저하되는 경향을 나타내었다. 반면 천연식물류를 첨가한 약주는 숙성 30일까지 희석 배수에 관계없이 95.7∼96.7%의 높은 전자공여능을 나타내었다. SOD 유사활성은 희석배수 및 숙성기간의 경과와 서로 반비례하는 경향을 나타내었다. 가장 높은 SOB 유사활성을 나타낸 숙성 3일째의 천연식물류 첨가 약주의 경우 원액과 2배 희석한 시료에서 각각 51.5, 53.9%의 SOD 유사활성을 나타내었다.