• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2015

In this study, we sought to evaluate the growth characteristics and seed productivities of domestic tall fescue that were cultivated with differing combinations of drill widths and nitrogen-application rates in early spring; the examination was conducted at the National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, from 2013 to 2014. The main plots were three widths of 15 cm, 30 cm, and 45 cm, and the subplots were subject to nitrogen-application rates in early spring of 45 kg/ha, 90 kg/ha, 135 kg/ha, and 180 kg/ha. The growth and development characteristics did not vary by treatment in terms of drill width and early-spring nitrogen application. Tall fescue Purumi showed a stable seed productivity of two tons or greater when the drill width was set at 15 cm and 90 kg/ha of nitrogen was applied in early spring. The narrower the drill width, the greater the numbers of both the ears and seeds, while the length of the ear was longer when the drill width was wider. Regarding the influence of the drill width and early-spring nitrogen application on the productivity of seed-producing straw, the dry matter productivity was higher when the drill width was narrower; however, no particular trend was observed with respect to different amounts of fertilizer. The average production amount of the first round of straw after seed gathering was 6,920 kg/ha. The second round produced an average 8,134 kg/ha of dry matter.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1162-1162
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• 2001

Whereas NIR spectroscopy has been applied in agriculture for more than 20 years, few studies refer to those plant substances occurring only in smaller amounts. Nevertheless there is a growing interest today to support efficiently activities in the production of high-quality medicinal and spice plants by this fast and non-invasive method. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to develop new NIR methods for the reliable prediction of secondary metabolites found as valuable substances in various plant species. First, sophisticated NIR methods were established to perform fast quality analyses of intact fennel, caraway and dill fruits deriving from single-plants [1]. Later on, a characterization of several leaf drugs and the corresponding fresh material has been successfully performed. In this context robust calibrations have been developed for dried peppermint, rosemary and sage leaves for the determination of their individual essential oil content and composition [2]. A specially adopted NIR method has been developed also for the analysis of carnosic acid in the leaves of numerous rosemary and sage gene bank accessions. Carnosic acid is an antioxidative substance for which several health promoting properties including cancer preservation are assumed. Also some other calibrations have been developed for non-volatile substances such as aspalathin (in unfermented rooibos leaves), catechins (in green tea) and echinacoside (in different Echinacea species) [3]. Some NIR analyses have also been successfully performed on fresh material, too. In spite of the fact that these measurements showed less accuracy in comparison to dried samples, the calibration equations are precise enough to register the individual plant ontogenesis and genetic background. Based on the information received, the farmers and breeders are able to determine the right harvest time (when the valuable components have reached their optimum profile) and to select high-quality genotypes during breeding experiments, respectively. First promising attempts have also been made to introduce mobile diode array spectrometers to collect the spectral data directly on the field or in the individual natural habitats. Since the development of reliable NIRS methods in this special field of application is very time-consuming and needs continuous maintenance of the calibration equations over a longer period, it is convenient to supply the corresponding calibration data to interested user via NIRS network. The present status of all activities, preformed in this context during the last three years, will be presented in detail.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.483-489
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• 2000

Wild Chopi leaves were harvested near Chounghwa Mt. Sangju city in Kyungpook province. Chopi leaves were dried naturally and crushed with and without blanching. From mechanical analysis(GC). fifty five peaks were identified as volatile materials in no blanching leaf. Among the fifty five peaks, twenty three peaks were identified as hydrocarbones(dodecane, sabinene, myrcene etc.), ten peaks as alcohols (isobutylalcohol. cis-pentenol, 1-pentenol, 1-penten-3-ol etc.), seven peaks as aldehydes (3-methylbua-tanal, hexanal, 2,6-dimethyl hept-5-al etc.), four peaks as ketones(3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, 2-tridecanone) and six peaks as esters ( cis-3-hexenyl acetate, linalyl acetate. citronellyl acetate, nervy acetate etc.). Other peaks were founded as 3-cyano-2,5-dimethylpyrazine, dimethyl sulfide, chloroform, 1,8 cineole. Thirty five peaks were identified as volatile materials in blanching leaf. Twenty peaks were identified as hydrocarbones(1,1-oxybis-ethane, $\alpha$-pinene, camphene. myrcene, $\beta$-phellan-drene, $\beta$-caryophyllene etc.), as alcohol(L-linalool, (-)-isopulgerol, $\alpha$-terpineol. citronellol etc.), as aldehydes(nonanal, citronellal), as ketones(2-undecanone, 2-tridecanone etc.) and as esteres(citronellyl acetate. cis-3-hexenyl acetate, neryl acetate etc.). Other peaks were found as 3-cyano-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine. The amount of volatile materials such as $\alpha$-pinene, myrcene, $\beta$-phellanderene, L-linalool, citronellal, citronellyl acetate, $\beta$-caryophyllene were detected abundantly among the volatile materials.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.691-698
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate how herb extracts may improve blood circulation. Twenty-six extracts from nine different herbs (marjoram, lavender, dill, rosemary, hyssop, rose, lemon balm, pineapple sage, and echinacea) were evaluated for their anti-hypertensive effects via angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Their cholesterol-lowering effects via hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibition and their fibrinolytic activity via fibrin-plate method were also evaluated. Both water extraction of rose flowers and 70% EtOH extraction of pineapple sage leaves effectively reduced the ACE activity with inhibition rates of 133.8% and 91.2%, respectively. Similarly, both water and 70% EtOH extracts of rose flowers strongly inhibited the enzymatic activity of HMG-CoA reductase by 48.9% and 80.5%, respectively. Water and 70% EtOH extracts of rose flowers also showed relatively high fibrinolytic activity. Based on these observations, rose flower extracts can be developed as a functional tool for use in the improvement of blood circulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

This paper is intended to study what kinds of the vegetables are mentioned in the Bible and how they were used in those days. While one hundred and twenty-eight different plants are mentioned in the Bible, there are today 2,384 plant species in modem Israel, most of which have been introduced in recent centuries. These plants obviously did not exist there in biblical times and were only recently introduced from Australia and South America, respectively. This article will study only the vegetables mentioned in the Bible and known to have existed in the old and new testament times. Since the first book devoted exclusively to biblical botany was that of Levinus Lemmens in 1566, the modem systematic study of biblical plants, began with F. Hasselquist, a student of Linnaeus, the founder of modem botany. In 1928, Immanuel Loew approached the subject differently, reviewing all known data pertaining to biblical plants. His work not only discussed biblical plants, but also plants in later Jewish literature, particularly the Talmud. The British scholar G. E. Post provided a broad field study of modem plants in Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan. More recent major treatments of the subject include those of A. and H. Moldenke (1952), M. Zohary (1982), N. Hareuveni (1984), and Y. J. Choi(1996). Today, articles on specific biblical plants listed in the Bible can be found in any number of encyclopedias. This study attempts to provide a synthesis of the work of a number of scholars who studied the vegetables and plants mentioned in the Bible. As a preliminary study on the culture of food in the biblical period, this study has focused on the identity and features of the vegetables of the Bible. In only a limited number of instances, because of the paucity of the informations and the broad and generic descriptions of the plants, we can't be certain about the identification of the vegetables named in the Bible. In many instances the traditions established by the Greek, Aramaic, and English translations are helpful, although sometimes they are misleading. This paper subdivides the vegetables into broad areas, the general vegetables and the flavoring herbs. Vegetables formed very important part of the diet in the biblical times. Two main types were used: those whose nutritious seeds could be easily stored and those which were eaten freshly gathered from gardens. Pulse seeds provided a useful source of vegetable protein, while fresh green vegetables were vitamin rich. Pulses could be eaten boiled, or their dried seeds could be ground up into flour and then made into nutritious soups. Fresh vegetables were eaten either raw or lightly cooked, usually by boiling in water. The general vegetables in the Bible are herbs(garden rocket), cucumber(snake cucumber), watermelon, leeks, chicory, and onions. Also the flavoring herbs in the Bible are rue, dill, cummin, black cummin, frankincense, cinnamon, cassia, myrrh, black mustard, coriander, mint, saffron, ginger grass, syrian hyssop, aloes(eagle wood), manna which have the flavor, aroma, and medical values.