• Mycobiology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2017

In mating of Lentinula edodes, dikaryotic strains generated from certain monokaryotic strains such as the B2 used in this study tend to show better quality of fruiting bodies regardless of the mated monokaryotic strains. Unlike B2, dikaryotic strains generated from B16 generally show low yields, with deformed or underdeveloped fruiting bodies. This indicates that the two nuclei in the cytoplasm do not contribute equally to the physiology of dikaryotic L. edodes, suggesting an expression bias in the allelic genes of the two nuclei. To understand the role of each nucleus in dikaryotic strains, we investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in laccase genes of monokaryotic strains to reveal nuclear origin of the expressed mRNAs in dikaryotic strain. We performed reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis using total RNAs extracted from dikaryotic strains (A5B2, A18B2, and A2B16) as well as from compatible monokaryotic strains (A5, A18, and B2 for A5B2 and A18B2; A2 and B16 for A2B16). RT-PCR results revealed that Lcc1, Lcc2, Lcc4, Lcc7, and Lcc10 were the mainly expressed laccase genes in the L. edodes genome. To determine the nuclear origin of these laccase genes, the genomic DNA sequences in monokaryotic strains were analyzed, thereby revealing five SNPs in Lcc4 and two in Lcc7. Subsequent sequence analysis of laccase mRNAs expressed in dikaryotic strains revealed that these were almost exclusively expressed from B2-originated nuclei in A5B2 and A18B2 whereas B16 nucleus did not contribute to laccase expression in A2B16 strain. This suggests that B2 nucleus dominates the expression of allelic genes, thereby governing the physiology of dikaryons.

• Mycobiology
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.374-381
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• 2022

In the mating of filamentous basidiomycetes, dikaryotic mycelia are generated through the reciprocal movement of nuclei to a monokaryotic cytoplasm where a nucleus of compatible mating type resides, resulting in the establishment of two different dikaryotic strains having the same nuclei but different mitochondria. To better understand the role of mitochondria in mushrooms, we created four sets of dikaryotic strains of Lentinula edodes, including B2×E13 (B2 side) and B2×E13 (E13 side), B5×E13 (B5 side) and B5×E13 (E13 side), E8×H3 (E8 side) and E8×H3 (H3 side), and K3×H3 (K3 side) and K3×H3 (H3 side). The karyotypes and mitochondrial types of the dikaryotic strains were successfully identified by the A mating type markers and the mitochondrial variable length tandem repeat markers, respectively. Comparative analyses of the dikaryotic strains on the mycelial growth, substrate browning, fruiting characteristics, and mitochondrial gene expression revealed that certain mitochondria are more effective in the mycelial growth and the production of fruiting body, possibly through the activated energy metabolism. Our findings indicate that mitochondria affect the physiology of dikaryotic strains having the same nuclear information and therefore a selection strategy aimed at mitochondrial function is needed in the development of new mushroom strain.

• Mycobiology
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.86-88
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• 2021

The monokaryotic strain, Schizophyllum commune strain IUM1114-SS01, was generated from a basidiospore of dikaryotic parental strain IUM1114. It even showed the decolorizing activities for several textile dyes much better than its parental strain. Based on the results of a single-molecule real-time sequencing technology, we present the draft genome of S. commune IUM1114-SS01, comprising 41.1 Mb with GC contents of the genome were 57.44%. Among 13,380 protein-coding genes, 534 genes are carbon hydrate-active enzyme coding genes.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제26권2호통권85호
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• pp.187-193
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• 1998

팽이버섯균주의 분열자의 생성원인을 구명하기 위하여 균사생장시의 배지종류, 배양온도, 배양기간, pH, 및 $CO_2$ 농도별로 균사생장정도와 분열자 생성수를 조사하여 본 결과, 저온시 균사의 분화가 제대로 일어나지 않아 균사가 완전히 생장하지 못했던 경우를 제외하고는 균사생장이 불량한 조건에서 분열자의 생성은 많았으며, 최적조건에서는 분열자의 생성량이 적었다. 이핵균주로부터 유래된 분열자를 발아시켜 얻은 단핵균주의 교배형은 모두 한 가지의 교배형의 핵을 가졌으며, 모균주에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 19개의 분열자균주를 모균주와 Di-Mon교배를 실시한 결과 모균주에 비해 교배균주의 70%는 공시균주에 비하여 균사생장이 늦고 수량이 적었으며 Di-Mon 교배균주 중 한 균주는 동위효소 pattern에서도 차이를 나타내었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2004

Winter mushroom, Flammulina velutipes, needs low temperature during its cultivation. To save on farm costs, especially during summer, a strain adaptable to a higher or elevated-temperature must be developed. At the start of breeding program, parental strains which could endure high temperature were obtained. Seuenty four dikaryotic strains were collected and divided into four groups according to the nature of temperature. They also had different fruiting temperature. Finally we selected three brown strains ASI 4048, 4057 and 4072, and collected their spores. These selected strains can germinate even at a high temperature of $32^{\circ}C$, which were dramatically higher than the other strains. Based on these results, the new white strain adapted to mid-temperature by backcross mating was developed. Molecular markers were applied to select white fruitbody producing strains without cultivation. They showed a specific band which co-segregated with brown fruitbody forming strains in $BC_1F_1$ progenies. Selected white strains were tested under several elevated temperature conditions.

• Mycobiology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.42-45
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• 2003

For transformation of Pleurotus ostreatus, two novel vectors, pPhKM1 and pPhKM2, were constructed, using the regulatory sequences of the P. sajor-caju $\beta$-tubulin gene(TUB1) and the ble gene encoding phleomycin binding protein. pPhKM1 contains ble fused to the TUB1 promoter and the Schizophyllum commune GPD terminator. pPhKM2 contains ble fused to the promoter and terminator regions of P. sajor-caju TUB1. To confirm phleomycin-resistance activity, each vector was cotrans-formed with pTRura3-2 into the P. ostreatus homokaryotic $ura^-$ strain. The transforming DNA was stably integrated into the genomic DNA. Subsequently, phleomycin resistance was conferred on wild-type dikaryotic P. ostreatus by transformation with pPhKM1 or pPhKM2. This transformation system generated stable phleomycin-resistant transformants.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2011

국내 재배비중이 가장 높은 큰느타리2호의 단점을 보완하고 버섯의 국내 육성품종 다양화하고 보급을 확대시키기 위해 육성한 "곤지3호"의 주요 품종특성은 다음과 같다. 균사생장적온은 $26{\sim}29^{\circ}C$, 버섯발생 및 생육적온은 $14{\sim}18^{\circ}C$였으며, 배양일수 30일, 초발이소요일수 8일, 생육일수 5일로 전체 생육일수는 46일로 큰느타리2호와 대등하였다. 유효경수는 병당 2.4개, 대굵기 43.7mm, 대길이 123.8mm, 갓직경 64.9mm로 큰느타리2호와 비슷하였지만, 갓표면의 색도에 있어 명도값(L값)이 54.4로 큰느타리2호 58.2보다 낮아 전체 적으로 진회색을 나타내었다. 병당 수량 182g/1100cc 내외로 통계적 유의성은 없었으나 큰느타리2호 보다 높은 경향을 나 타내었다. 자실체의 단단한 정도(경도)는 $7,790g/cm^2$로 큰느타리2호 $5,650g/cm^2$보다 높았고, 탄력성, 씹음성, 탄력성 등 전체적인 물리적 지표들이 큰느타리2호보다 높았다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제24권4호통권79호
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• pp.237-245
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• 1996

팽이버섯 야생종과 재배종들의 esterase isozyme 밴드패턴을 비교하고 그 중 특정 야생종 ASI 4019균을 단포자 분리후 교배형을 결정하였다. 단포자의 PDA plate상에 색소 집적과자실체 형성관계를 비교한 결과, 갈색 색소를 집적시킨 단포자와 색소를 집적시키지 않은 단포자간 교배시 갈색 자실체를 형성하였으며 색소를 집적시키지 않은 백색 단포자간 교배한 결과 백색 자실체를 형성하였다. 백색자실체는 재배종의 백색과 색택이 다르게 나타났다. 백색 균사체를 나타내는 단포자와 재배종 단포자를 교배한 결과 연갈색 자실체가 나타났으며 이 Fl의 단포자를 재배종 단포자와 여교배하여 BC1F1을 비교한 결과 1계통은 연갈색 자실체만 형성하고 또 다른 한계통은 연갈색 자실체 8개, 연갈색과 백색 자실체가 혼합된 것이 2개 있었다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2003

새로운 백색 팽이 품종을 육성하고자 수집균주 중 백색자실체를 생성하는 5개의 이핵계통을 선발하고 이들로부터 단핵균주를 분리하였다. 분리된 단핵균주 계통의 교배형을 검정한 결과 A1B1A2B2 이었으며, 이핵균주들에 비하여 균사생장 속도가 느리고 변이폭도 좁다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 분리된 단핵계통의 근연간 교배를 수행한 결과 육성된 모든 이핵균주는 백색이었으며 모본보다 우수한 균주들을 선발할 수 있었다. 특히 Fv 4-1균주는 가장 높은 수량성과 안정성을 나타내었다. 또한 상호교배에 의해 일부교배조합에서 세포질효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 근연간 교배법은 기존 재배품종들이 가진 백색과 같은 특성을 유지하면서 새로운 품종을 육성하기 위한 방법으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.314-318
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• 2016

Breeding the button mushroom requires genetic information about its strains. This study was undertaken to genetically characterize four domestically bred button mushroom strains (Saea, Saejung, Saedo, Saeyeon cultivars) and to assess the possibility of using the intergenic spacer 1 (IGS1) region of rDNA as a genetically variable region in the genetic characterization. For the experiment, 34 strains of Agaricus bisporus, two strains of A. bitorquis, and one strain of A. silvaticus, from 17 countries were used. Nucleotide sequence analysis of IGS1 rDNA in these 37 Agaricus strains confirmed that genetic variations exist, not only among the four domestic strains, but also between the four domestic strains and foreign strains. Crossing two different haploid strains of A. bisporus seems to generate genetic variation in the IGS1 region in their off-spring haploid strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the IGS1 sequence revealed all A. bisporus strains could be differentiated from A. silvaticus and A. bitorquis strains. Five genetic groups were resolved among A. bisporus strains. Saejung and Saeyeon cultivars formed a separate genetic group. Our results suggest that IGS1 could be complementarily applied in the polymorphism analysis of button mushroom.