• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.465-479
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• 1995

We randomly assigned 61 healthy subjects(male 14, female 47) to compare the experimental pain threshold and skin temperature between high mode TENS and burst mode TENS. In this study, 61 subjects were divided into three groups ; high mode TENS(n=20), burst mode TENS (n=20), and control group(n=21). Experimental pain thresholds and skin temperatures were measured before, immediately after cessation of stimulation, and at 30 minutes post stimulation. Stimulation was applied to the dorsal surface of the forearm(L14, LI10). Pain thresholds were measured by chronaxie meter. Skin temperature were measured by electrical digital thermometer. The results are as follows ; 1. There were no statistical difference in the pain threshold and skin temperature at before TENS stimulation among the three groups(p>0.05). 2. The pain threshold and skin temperature in burst mode TENS group was significantly higher and longer effect than that in high mode TENS group and control group(p<0.01). 3. The pain threshold in burst mode TENS group decreased to prestimulation levels by 30 minutes poststimulation. 4. The skin temperature in burst mode TENS group decreased to prestimulation levels by 20 minutes poststimulation. 5. The skin temperature was significantly difference among three group at immediately after, and at 30 minutes poststimulation and the skin temperature in burst mode TENS group was significantely higher than that in two groups(p<0.001). 6. The increasing rate of pain threshold in high mode TENS group after immediately cassation of stimulation was 24.3%(p<0.001). 7. The increasing rate of pain threshold in burst mode TENS group after immediately cessation of stimulation was 93.5% (p<0.001).

• 서비스연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2014

원격의료도 의료행위이므로, 의료인이 행하지 않으면 보건위생상 위해가 생길 우려가 있기에, 의료인만이 할 수 있도록 법률로 제한되어 있다. 반면 원격의료도 존귀한 사람의 생명과 신체를 다루는 일이므로, 작은 실수를 수반하는 원격의료일지라도 그 피해가 영원히 회복할 수 없거나 회복하기 어려울 수도 있다. 그러므로 기초의학부터 시작하여 체계적으로 의학을 공부하고, 인간의 신체 및 생명에 대한 외경심을 체계적으로 교육을 받았을 뿐만 아니라 상당기간 임상실습을 한 후 국가의 검증을 거친 의료인에 한하여 원격의료행위를 허용할 수 있다. 환자 및 정보가 먼 거리로 떨어져 있거나 시간적으로 많은 차이가 발생하는 등 여러 가지 문제로 인해 도달할 수 없는 경우 의료정보 및 전문적 조언을 원격으로 제공하는 시스템으로, 환자 진료뿐만 아니라 의료행정, 의학교육, 자문과 의뢰 등을 포함하는 포괄적인 개념으로 쓰인다. 이러한 측면에서 의료산업의 발전을 위하여 규제에 대한 다양한 의견을 언급하고 쟁점사항을 정리해보았다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1011-1016
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• 2006

Recently, volatile organic compound(VOC) has been noted as a main cause of air pollution. VOC, with its toxic and offensive odor, is hazardous to health. Furthermore indoor, underground and hish-rise buildings are preferable living spaces. People spend more than 80% of the day indoor, so indoor air pollution is a matter of importance. In Korea, from 2004, 10 types of indoor pollutants in public facilities have been identified. However, there is no standard for individual VOC, so the regulation has not yet effectively been carried out. In this study, we have studied on the diffusion of Benzene in a room using a numerical analysis for various air-controlled conditions consisted of door, window and ventilation system. This study investigates spatial concentration distribution and time-history of room-averaged benzene concentration for several cases. The results of this study show that when the room is ventilated by a small fan only for 30 minutes, the average concentration of benzene is decreased a very little, thus the impact to human body would be serious compared to the case of natural ventilation by window and door, In the case of natural ventilation by window and door, if the wind speed is higher than 0.5m/s, it takes small than 4 minutes for benzene to spread to the target concentration of $1.2mg/m^3$.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Background: The continuous co-contraction of the trunk muscles through trunk stabilization exercises is important to patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). However, intentional abdominal muscle contraction (IAMC) for trunk stabilization has been used only for specific training in the treatment room. Objects: The purpose of this study was to provide feedback to adults with LSS to enable IAMC during activities of daily living (ADLs). Methods: The participants with spinal stenosis were divided into an experimental group of 15 adults and a control group of 16 adults. Electromyographic signals were measured while the subjects kept their both hands held up at $90^{\circ}$. The measured muscles were the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and erector spinae (ES). Pelvic tilt was measured using a digital pelvic inclinometer. The degree of pain was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and functional capacity was measured using the Korean version of the Oswestry disability index (KODI). Results: While the experimental group showed statistically significantly higher activities in the RA, EO, and IO after the intervention compared with the control group. Pelvic tilt was significantly decreased only in the experimental group. Both the experimental and control groups exhibited statistically significant declines in the VAS and KODI (p<.01). In terms of the levels of changes, the experimental group exhibited a statistically significant larger decline only in the VAS and the pelvic tilt when compared with the control group (p<.05). Conclusions: The subjects could stabilize their trunks, and relieve their pain and dysfunctions and reduce pelvic tilt by learning abdominal muscle contraction during ADLs. The combination of therapeutic exercises and IAMC may have greater effects on patients with LSS.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.633-639
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• 2008

청국장가루의 첨가가 식빵의 맛과 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 밀가루 양에 대한 청국장가루의 첨가량을 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5%로 하여 식빵을 제조한 후 $20^{\circ}C$에서 3일간 저장하면서 식빵의 부피, pH, 색도, 총균수 및 관능적 특성을 알아보았다. 식빵의 부피는 청국장가루의 첨가량이 증가할수록 대조구에 비해 감소하였다. 식빵의 pH는 저장일 동안 첨가구간에 거의 변화가 없었다. 식빵의 명도는 청국장가루의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였고, 저장일이 증가함에 따라 첨가구별로 모두 감소하였다. 적색도와 황색도는 청국장가루의 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였고, 저장일이 증가함에 따라 모든 첨가구에서 황색도는 감소하였고, 적색도는 증가 하였다. 총균수는 저장일이 증가함에 따라 대조구는 증가하였고, 청국장가루 첨가구는 모두 초기 총균수를 유지하였다. 관능적 특성은 기호도 특성에서 색, 기공 상태, 냄새와 부드러운 정도가 청국장가루 0.5% 첨가구에서 유의적으로 높은 점수를 받아 가장 선호하는 것으로 평가되었고, 강도 특성에서 색과 냄새 모두 청국장가루의 첨가량이 많을수록 높은 점수를 받아 상대적으로 색은 진하고, 냄새는 강하였다. 이상의 결과에서 식빵에 청국장가루의 첨가량은 0.5%가 적당한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.275-278
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• 2002

The recognition of the natural background radiation is important not only for radiological education but also for the promotion of people's scientific view about radiation. We made a "room" on the web showing natural background radiation as part of a VRM (Virtual Radiation Museum). The "room" shows the video images of the tracks of charged particles from natural background radiation, alpha and beta ray track from known sources using a Large Scale Diffusion Cloud Chamber. The purpose of this study is to make clear the origin of a kind of track (named A-track) which is thick and easy to recognize with the length less than several cm in the cloud chamber, and to make numerical explanation of its counting rate. The study was carried out using a Large Scale Diffusion Cloud Chamber (Phywe, Germany) installed in the Niigata Science Museum. The Model RNC (Pylon Electronics, Canada) was used as Rn-222 source. Ra-226 activity in RNC was 111.6 Bq calibrated with NIST protocol. Rn-222 gas was injected into the cloud chamber. Continuous video recording with use of Digital Handycam (SONY, Japan) was carried out for 360 min. after injection of Rn-222 gas. The number of alpha-ray track (alpha track) in the video images was analyzed. The growth and decay curve of the total activity of Rn-222 and its alpha emitting progeny were calculated and compared with the count of the alpha tracks. As a result the alpha tracks formed by Rn-222 injection resemble A-Tracks. The relationship between A-track in the cloud chamber and atmospheric Rn is discussed.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2011

WBAN(Wireless Body Area Network) 기술은 인체 내부 및 외부에 부착한 센서 노드를 무선으로 연결하여 통신할 수 있는 근거리 무선 통신 기술로서 IEEE 802.15.6 TG BAN을 중심으로 물리 계층, 데이터 링크 계층, 네트워크 계층 및 응용 계층 등에서 표준화가 진행되고 있다. WBAN은 응용서비스의 종류에 따라 의료용과 비의료용으로 나눌 수 있다. 의료용 응용서비스의 경우데이터 전송 특징이 주기적이고 전송률이 상이한 의료용 센서를 사용하기 때문에 데이터 전송시 QoS를 보장하기 위하여 GTS 전송방식을 사용한다. 본 논문에서는 WBAN 환경에 적합한 MAC 프로토콜을 제안하였다. 첫 번째 WBAN 기반의 슈퍼프레임 구조와 프리미티브를 제안하였다. 두 번째 WFQ(Weighted Fair Queuing)기반의 GTS 채널 이용률 향상 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안한 스케줄링 방식은 i-Game(라운드로빈 스케줄링 방식)과 비교하여 채널 이용률을 향상시키는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2011

스마트 그리드 네트워크(Smart Grid Networks)는 기존의 전력망에 정보기술(IT)을 접목하여 전력 공급자와 소비자가 양방향으로 정보를 교환함으로써 에너지 효율을 최적화하는 차세대 지능형 전력망이다. 고압 전력망과 IT 영역에서 응용되고 있는 스마트 그리드 네트워크(Smart Grid Networks)는 정보의 도청이나, 비정상적 패킷의 유통, 메시지의 재사용등 데이터의 위 변조와같은외부의공격에쉽게노출되는환경에서동작함으로보안은필수적으로갖추어져야 하는 중요한 기능이다. 저전력, 초소형 저비용 장점을 갖는 Zigbee는 스마트 그리드 네트워크를 구현하는 최적의 기술로 주목 받고 있다. 그러나 Zigbee 보안 시스템에는 심각한 문제점들을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 그리드의 Zigbee 보안 시스템이 가지고 있는 문제점들을 자세히 분석하고, 이를 해결하여 스마트 그리드에 적합한 보안 프로토콜을 새롭게 제안하고 그 효율성을 비교 분석한다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.785-791
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between 3D visual fatigue and physiological measures by canonical correlation analysis enabling to categorical correlation. Background: Few studies have been conducted to investigate the physiological mechanism underlying the visual fatigue caused by processing 3D information which may make the cognitive mechanism overloaded. However, even the previous studies lack validation in terms of the correlation between physiological variables and the visual fatigue. Method: 9 Female and 6 male subjects with a mean age of $22.53{\pm}2.55$ voluntarily participated in this experiment. All participants were asked to report how they felt about their health sate at after viewing 3D. In addition, Low & Hybrid measurement test(Event Related Potential, Steady-state Visual Evoked Potential) and for evaluating cognitive fatigue before and after viewing 3D were performed. The physiological signal were measured with subjective fatigue evaluation before and after in watching the 3D content. For this study suggesting categorical correlation, all measures were categorized into three sets such as included Visual Fatigue set(response time, subjective evaluation), Autonomic Nervous System set(PPG frequency, PPG amplitude, HF/LF ratio), Central Nervous System set(ERP amplitude P4, O1, O2, ERP latency P4, O1, O2, SSVEP S/N ratio P4, O1, O2). Then the correlation of three variables sets, canonical correlation analysis was conducted. Results: The results showed a significant correlation between visual fatigue and physiological measures. However, different variables of visual fatigue were highly correlated to respective HF/LF ratio and to ERP latency(O2). Conclusion: Response time was highly correlated to ERP latency(O2) while the subjective evaluation was to HF/LF ratio. Application: This study may provide the most significant variables for the quantitative evaluation of visual fatigue using HF/LF ratio and ERP latency based human performance and subjective fatigue.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.95-114
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• 2019

The digitization of traditional medical knowledge in Tanzania will greatly enhance its preservation and dissemination. This is especially important given the challenges facing the current methods of preserving and managing such knowledge. This study presents the requirements engineering approaches and requirements for a web-mobile application that would successfully digitize indigenous knowledge of phytomedicine and relevant practitioners licensing and registration processes. To establish the requirements of such a digital system application, the study sought the opinion of 224 stakeholders whose suggestions were used to analyze and model the requirements for designing such a web-mobile tool. The study was carried out in Arusha, Kagera and Dar es Salaam regions of Tanzania which involved ethnobotanical researchers, herb practitioners, curators from herbaria and registrar officers from Traditional and Alternatives Health Practice Council. Structured interview, survey, observation and document review were employed to find out the basic functional and non-functional requirements for possible designing and implementation a web-mobile application that would digitize indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants. The requirements were modelled using the use case and context diagrams. Finally, the study came up with a list of items for both functional and non-functional requirements that can be used as guidelines to develop a web-mobile application that will capture and document traditional medical knowledge of medicinal plants in Tanzania and, enabling relevant authorities to regulate and manage stakeholders.