• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -2
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• pp.815-818
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• 2000

As the growth of internet and the diffusion of wide multimedia applications are increased, the ownership verification and authentication in communication channel for a digital image become more important. For these purpose there are many watermarking scheme available for image, video stream and audio data. In this paper we studied on techniques for integrity and authentication of digital images and proposed new watermarking algorithm. The proposed algorithm is implemented in C language on IBM-PC and the test results are shown.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.378-387
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• 2003

디지털 워터마킹은 소유권자의 정보나 특정 코드, 혹은 패턴을 디지털화 되어 있는 정지영상, 동영상, 음성 데이터 등에 인간의 시각이나 청각으로는 감지 할 수 없도록 삽입하는 기술이다. 디지털 워터마킹은 크게 강인성 워터마킹과 연성 워터마킹으로 분류 될 수 있다. 강인성 워터마킹은 이미지나 영상에 대한 소유권자의 소유권을 보호하는 것이 주된 목적이며, 연성 워터마킹은 디지털 콘텐츠를 불법적인 변형으로부터 보호하는 것이 목적이다. 특히 준 연성(semi-fragile) 워터마킹은 잡음 첨가 혹은 압축과 같은 데이터의 전송 과정에서 자주 발생하는 비의도적 변형에 대해서는 삽입된 워터마크가 제거되지 않아야 하지만 의도적 변형에 대해서는 삽입된 워터마크가 훼손되어 검출되지 않아야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 요구 사항들을 만족시키는 MPEG-2 비트열에서의 인증 및 조작위치 검출을 위한 준 연성 워터마킹 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 두 가지의 워터마크를 양자화 된 DCT 계수에 삽입한다. 따라서 압축된 비트스트림에 직접적으로 적용할 수 있다. 첫번째 워터마크는 해쉬 함수를 사용하여 비디오 데이터에 대한 인증을 한다. 두번째 삽입되는 워터마크는 양자화 된 DCT DC 계수를 이용하며 조작위치를 검출하는데 사용한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 비트스트림 영역에서의 트랜스 코딩에 의한 비디오 데이터의 변형과 의도적인 변형을 구별 할 수 있으며 만약 비디오 데이터에 의도적인 변형이 있었을 경우 인트라 프레임에 대해서는 변형된 위치를 블록 단위로 검출 가능하다. 또한 제안된 알고리즘은 가역적 특성을 갖고 있기 때문에 비디오 데이터에 변형이 없었을 경우에는 원래의 데이터를 복원 할 수 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1264-1267
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• 2003

To protect the digital image, video and audio from non-authorized use, the digital watermarking technology has received a great attention in the field of multimedia in recent years . An overview of the development of watermark techniques is given in the current paper followed by a discussion of potential application of spatial domain, transform domain watermark techniques in remote sensing images copyright protection and verification in different forms of processed images.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2004년도 정기총회 및 학술대회
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• pp.285-288
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• 2004

High-quality digital broadcasting contents are susceptible to illegal copy and unauthorized redistribution, which makes broadcasters difficult to protect valuable media assets. So, broadcasters and content providers need the technology for copyright protection of professional digital content. Digital watermarking technology is one of the most actively developed solutions for the copyright protection. This paper suggests the requirements of watermarking technology in DTV(Digital TV) environment for copyright protection and shows the developed real-time watermark embedding/detecting system for HD(High Definition)/SD(Standard Definition) video and experimental results of the system against watermark attack tests. Our watermarking system meets the watermarking requirements of invisibility, robustness and security of DTV environment.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 동영상 색차 값의 시간적인 변화를 이용한 동영상 포렌식 워터마킹 기법을 제안한다. 제안 방식은 디지털 시네마 영상의 유출 방지를 위한 방안으로 활용 가능하도록 설계되었으며, 계산량이 적고 화질이 우수하여 실제 적용에 용이하다. 실험 결과 제안 방식은 압축 및 캠코더 촬영 등 다양한 변환 및 공격에 대한 강인성을 보여주었고 우수한 워터마크 검출 성능을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -2
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• pp.902-905
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• 2000

Because of the rapid growth of Internet and multimedia applications, how to protect IPR (intellectual property rights) has become a critical issue. Is one of the ways to overcome the problem of the protection of IPR. Digital watermarking call be applied to multimedia data, such as digital images, digital video, and digital audio. In this paper, we propose a digital watermarking technique for digital images to authenticate an owner or an image by embedding visually recognizable patterns, such as logos, signatures, or stamps into images In BDCT (block discrete cosine transform) frequency domain. The proposed method sorts the components of an original image twice. At the same time, the method, also, rearranges the components of a watermark twice in order to be more robust, and finally embeds the watermark into the image. From the experimental results, the conjunction of three similarity measurements shows that our proposed method is robust to image cropping, image filtering, and JPEG (the Joint Photographic Experts Group) both subjectively and objectively.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 제13회 신호처리 합동 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.701-704
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• 2000

In this paper, we focus on digital watermarking for color images. At first, in order to embed the watermark signal in color image, we converted RGB color space to YCbCr color space which is a world-wide digital component video standard. In addition, we adopted the acceptable degree of color difference in order to keep the invisibility.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.3438-3454
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a robust blind watermarking scheme for high-definition video. In the embedding process, luminance component of each frame is transformed by 2-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D FFT). A secret key is used to generate a matrix of random numbers for the security of watermark information. The matrix is transformed by inverse steerable pyramid transform (SPT). We embed the watermark into the low and mid-frequency of 2D FFT coefficients with the transformed matrix. In the extraction process, the 2D FFT coefficients of each frame and the transformed matrix are transformed by SPT respectively, to produce two oriented sub-bands. We extract the watermark from each frame by cross-correlating two oriented sub-bands. If a video is degraded by some attacks, the watermarks of frames contain some errors. Thus, we use an ensemble position-based error correcting algorithm to estimate the errors and correct them. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking algorithm is imperceptible and moreover is robust against various attacks. After embedding 64 bits of watermark into each frame, the average peak signal-to-noise ratio between original frames and embedded frames is 45.7 dB.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2002년도 정기총회 및 학술대회
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• pp.169-172
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• 2002

Embedding information into video data is a topic that recently gained increasing attention. This paper proposes a new approach for digital watermarking and secure copyright protection of video, the principal aim being to discourage illicit copying and distribution of copyrighted material. The method presented here is based on the three dimensional discrete cosine transform of video scene, in contrast with previous works on video watermarking where each video frame was marked separately, or where only intra-frame or motion compensation parameters were marked in MPEG compressed videos. The watermark sequence used is encrypted, pseudo-noise signal to the video. The performance of the presented technique is evaluated experimentally

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.737-744
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• 2007

This paper proposes the blind watermarking algorithm for digital video based on magnitude modulus subband in wavelet transform domain. After transforming each of frames into wavelet domain, the proposed algorithm divides LH, HL, and HH subbands of 2-level into $3{\times}3$ blocks and calculates average magnitude modulus of all blocks. Then the watermark bit is embedded into a target magnitude modulus comparing with an average magnitude modulus within a block. Experimental results were confirmed that the proposed algorithm has the good robustness against MPEG and frame attacks than the conventional algorithm.