• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.12-19
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• 2008

Detection of a number plate consists of three stages; division of a number plate, extraction of each character from the plate, recognition of the characters. Among of these three states, division stage of a number plate is the most important part and also the most time-consuming state. This paper suggests an effective region extraction method of a number plate for various images obtained from unmanned inspection systems of illegal parking violation, especially when we have to consider the diverse surrounding environments of roads. Our approaching method detects each region by investigating the characteristics in changes of brightness and intensity between the background part and character part, and the characteristics on character parts such as the sizes, heights, widths, and distance in between two characters. The method also divides a number plate into different types of the plate. This research can solve the number plate region detection failure problems caused by plate edge damages not only for Korean domestic number plates but also for new European style number plates. The method also reduces the time consumption by processing the detection in real-time, therefore, it can be used as a practical solution.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.13A no.4 s.101
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• pp.275-288
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• 2006

Rapid design space exploration is crucial to customizing embedded system design for exploiting the application behavior. As the time-to-market becomes a key concern of the design, the approach based on an application specific instruction-set processor (ASIP) is considered more seriously as one alternative design methodology. In this approach, the instruction set architecture (ISA) for a target processor is frequently modified to best fit the application with regard to code size and speed. Two goals of this paper is to introduce our new retargetable compiler and how it has been used in ASIP-based design space exploration for a popular digital signal processing (DSP) application. Newly developed retargetable compiler provides not only the functionality of previous retargetable compilers but also visualizes the features of the application program and profiles it so that it can help architecture designers and application programmers to insert new application specific instructions into target architecture for performance increase. Given an initial RISC-style ISA for the target processor, we characterized the application code and incrementally updated the ISA with more application specific instructions to give the compiler a better chance to optimize assembly code for the application. We get 32% performance increase and 20% program size reduction using 6 audio codec specific instructions from retargetable compiler. Our experimental results manifest a glimpse of evidence that a higgly retargetable compiler is essential to rapidly prototype a new ASIP for a specific application.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2022

In this paper, a method to directly calculate the major elements of skin color such as melanin and hemoglobin from the RGB signal of the camera is proposed. The main elements of skin color typically measure spectral reflectance using specific equipment, and reconfigure the values at some wavelengths of the measured light. The values calculated by this method include such things as melanin index and erythema index, and require special equipment such as a spectral reflectance measuring device or a multi-spectral camera. It is difficult to find a direct calculation method for such component elements from a general digital camera, and a method of indirectly calculating the concentration of melanin and hemoglobin using independent component analysis has been proposed. This method targets a region of a certain RGB image, extracts characteristic vectors of melanin and hemoglobin, and calculates the concentration in a manner similar to that of Principal Component Analysis. The disadvantage of this method is that it is difficult to directly calculate the pixel unit because a group of pixels in a certain area is used as an input, and since the extracted feature vector is implemented by an optimization method, it tends to be calculated with a different value each time it is executed. The final calculation is determined in the form of an image representing the components of melanin and hemoglobin by converting it back to the RGB coordinate system without using the feature vector itself. In order to improve the disadvantages of this method, the proposed method is to calculate the component values of melanin and hemoglobin in a feature space rather than an RGB coordinate system using a feature vector, and calculate the spectral reflectance corresponding to the skin color using a general digital camera. Methods and methods of calculating detailed components constituting skin pigments such as melanin, oxidized hemoglobin, deoxidized hemoglobin, and carotenoid using spectral reflectance. The proposed method does not require special equipment such as a spectral reflectance measuring device or a multi-spectral camera, and unlike the existing method, direct calculation of the pixel unit is possible, and the same characteristics can be obtained even in repeated execution. The standard diviation of density for melanin and hemoglobin of proposed method was 15% compared to conventional and therefore gives 6 times stable.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2009

Hearing impaired person's hearing loss has personally various shape, so existing symmetrical auditory filter of frequency band method wasn't properly simulated the hearing impaired person's various hearing loss shape. The shapes of auditory filter are asymmetrical different with each center frequency and each input level. Hearing impaired person which has hearing loss was differently changed with that of normal hearing people and it has different value for speech of quality through auditory filter. In this study, the asymmetrical auditory filter was simulated and then some tests to estimate the filter's performance objectively were performed. The experiment as simulated auditory filter's performance evaluation method used perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) and log likelihood ratio (LLR) for speech through auditory filter. In the test, processed speech was evaluated objective speech quality and distortion using PESQ and LLR value. When hearing loss processed, PESQ and LLR value have big difference between symmetrical and asymmetrical auditory filter. It means that the difference of the shape auditory filter may affect to speech quality. Especially, when hearing loss existed, auditory filter changing according to asymmetrical shape for each center frequency affected to perceive speech quality of the hearing impaired.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.94-104
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• 2000

The accuracy and reliability of the target tracking is very critical issue in the design of automotive collision warning radar A significant problem in multi-target tracking (MTT) is the target-to-measurement data association If an incorrect measurement is associated with a target, the target could diverge the track and be prematurely terminated or cause other targets to also diverge the track. Most methods for target-to-measurement data association tend to coalesce neighboring targets Therefore, many algorithms have been developed to solve this data association problem. In this paper, a new multi-target data association method based on order statistics is described The new approaches. called the order statistics probabilistic data association (OSPDA) and the order statistics joint probabilistic data association (OSJPDA), are formulated using the association probabilities of the probabilistic data association (PDA) and the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) filters, respectively Using the decision logic. an optimal or near optimal target-to-measurement data association is made A computer simulation of the proposed method in a heavy cluttered condition is given, including a comparison With the nearest-neighbor CNN). the PDA, and the JPDA filters, Simulation results show that the performances of the OSPDA filter and the OSJPDA filter are superior to those of the PDA filter and the JPDA filter in terms of tracking accuracy about 18% and 19%, respectively In addition, the proposed method is implemented using a developed digital signal processing (DSP) board which can be interfaced with the engine control unit (ECU) of car engine and with the d?xer through the controller area network (CAN)

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.181-189
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• 2011

According to developments of digital signal processing, 3D sound come into focus on multimedia systems. Many studies on 3d sound have proposed lots of clues to create realistic sounds. But these clues are only focused on binaural systems which two ears are normal. If we make the 3d sound using those clues at monaural systems, the performance goes down dramatically. In order to use the clues for monaural systems, we have studies algorithms such as duplex theory. In duplex theory, the sounds that we listen are affected by human's body, pinna and shoulder. So, we can enhance sound localization performances using its characteristics. In this paper, we propose a new method to use psychoacoustic theory that creates realistic 3D audio at monaural systems. To improve 3d sound, we calculate the excitation energy rates of each symmetric HRTF and extract the weights in each bark range. Finally, they are applied to emphasize the characteristics related to each direction. Informal listening tests show that the proposed method improves sound localization performances much better than the conventional methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2017

Most crop damages have been occurred by vermin(e.g., wild birds and herbivores) during the period between seeding and the cotyledon level. In this study, to minimize the damage by vermin and acquire the benefits such as protection against weeds and maintenance of water content in soil, immediately vinyl mulching after seeding was devised. Vinyl mulching has been generally covered with black color vinyl, that crop seeding locations cannot be detected by visible light range. Before punching vinyl, non-contact and non-destructive methods that can continuously determine the locations are necessary. In this study, a crop position detection method was studied that uses infrared thermal image sensor to determine the cotyledon position under vinyl mulch. The moving system for acquiring image arrays has been developed for continuously detecting crop locations under plastic mulching on the field. A sliding mechanical device was developed to move the sensor, which were arranged in the form of a linear array, perpendicular to the array using a micro-controller integrated with a stepping motor. The experiments were conducted while moving 4.00 cm/s speed of the IR sensor by the rotational speed of the stepping motor based on a digital pulse width modulation signal from the micro-controller. The acquired images were calibrated with the spatial image correlation. The collected data were processed using moving averaging on interpolation to determine the frame where the variance was the smallest in resolution units of 1.02 cm. For this study, the spline method was relatively faster than the other polynomial interpolation methods, because it has a lower maximum order of formulation when using a system such as the tridiagonal linear equation system which provided the capability of real-time processing. The temperature distribution corresponding to the distance between the crops was 10 cm, and the more clearly the leaf pattern of the crop was visually confirmed. The frequency difference was decreased, as the number of overlapped pixels was increased. Also the wave pattern of points where the crops were recognized were reduced.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8516-8524
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• 2015

Track irregularities can be evaluated not only directly by track inspection but also indirectly by measurement of carbody accelerations and many researches are being conducted. Carbody accelerations were measured on the Kyeongbu high speed railway and France high speed line to investigate the situation of the track maintenance at Korea high speed line by using indirect method. Digital signal processing for the measured acceleration data were conducted according to UIC518 code. Since the vehicle speed affects the car body acceleration, the lateral and vertical acceleration of the car body were classified according to the vehicle speed and the distribution characteristics of these acceleration were investigated and evaluated by UIC518 criteria. Finally, the running behavior of KTX on Korea high speed railway were compared with that on France. Distribution characteristics of these acceleration were evaluated and discussed in terms of the track maintenance in Korea high speed line.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.94-104
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a new architecture of multiplier-and-accumulator (MAC) for high speed multiplication and accumulation arithmetic. By combining multiplication with accumulation and devising a hybrid type of carry save adder (CSA), the performance was improved. Since the accumulator which has the largest delay in MAC was removed and its function was included into CSA, the overall performance becomes to be elevated. The proposed CSA tree uses 1's complement-based radix-2 modified booth algorithm (MBA) and has the modified array for the sign extension in order to increase the bit density of operands. The CSA propagates the carries by the least significant bits of the partial products and generates the least significant bits in advance for decreasing the number of the input bits of the final adder. Also, the proposed MAC accumulates the intermediate results in the type of sum and carry bits not the output of the final adder for improving the performance by optimizing the efficiency of pipeline scheme. The proposed architecture was synthesized with $250{\mu}m,\;180{\mu}m,\;130{\mu}m$ and 90nm standard CMOS library after designing it. We analyzed the results such as hardware resource, delay, and pipeline which are based on the theoretical and experimental estimation. We used Sakurai's alpha power low for the delay modeling. The proposed MAC has the superior properties to the standard design in many ways and its performance is twice as much than the previous research in the similar clock frequency.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.1365-1373
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• 2002

In this paper, we present two types of vision algorithm that mobile robot has CCD camera. for obstacle avoidance. This is simple algorithm that compare with grey level from input images. Also, The mobile robot depend on image processing and move command from PC host. we has been studied self controlled mobile robot system with CCD camera. This system consists of digital signal processor, step motor, RF module and CCD camera. we used wireless RF module for movable command transmitting between robot and host PC. This robot go straight until recognize obstacle from input image that preprocessed by edge detection, converting, thresholding. And it could avoid the obstacle when recognize obstacle by line histogram intensity. Host PC measurement wave from various line histogram each 20 pixel. This histogram is (x, y) value of pixel. For example, first line histogram intensity wave from (0, 0) to (0, 197) and last wave from (280, 0) to (2n, 197. So we find uniform wave region and nonuniform wave region. The period of uniform wave is obstacle region. we guess that algorithm is very useful about moving robot for obstacle avoidance.